第六講個人陳述和推薦信寫作

1、第六講第六講 個人陳述和推薦信寫作個人陳述和推薦信寫作主講人：個人陳述可能是留學(xué)申請中最不好寫的個人陳述可能是留學(xué)申請中最不好寫的材料，但還是有章可循的材料，但還是有章可循的 個人陳述的三個基本主題：個人陳述的三個基本主題： A.我想要做什么？我想要做什么？ B.我為實現(xiàn)目標已經(jīng)做了什么？我為實現(xiàn)目標已經(jīng)做了什么？ C.我未來還要怎么努力？我未來還要怎么努力？ 一、個人陳述寫作一、個人陳述寫作1. 寫作對象時刻在心中寫作對象時刻在心中 個人陳述不是寫給自己看的，而是給招生委員個人陳述不是寫給自己看的，而是給招生委員會老師看的，在寫作的時候要時刻提醒自己。會老師看的，在寫作的時候要時刻提醒自己。

2、 申請者大多同時申請很多學(xué)校，但是個人陳述申請者大多同時申請很多學(xué)校，但是個人陳述一定要對癥下藥，對校來寫。在寫作初始，可一定要對癥下藥，對校來寫。在寫作初始，可以寫一個通用型草稿，然后一定要根據(jù)每個學(xué)以寫一個通用型草稿，然后一定要根據(jù)每個學(xué)校每個專業(yè)的情況具體量身打造。校每個專業(yè)的情況具體量身打造。 個人陳述寫作注意事項：個人陳述寫作注意事項：2. 無章可循的無章可循的“章章” 個人陳述的寫作無章可循，但是還是有一些共通個人陳述的寫作無章可循，但是還是有一些共通性的寫作思路可供參考。性的寫作思路可供參考。 A. 兩種主要的行文方式：時間順序式和主題展兩種主要的行文方式：時間順序式和主題展開式

3、。開式。 B. 摒棄那些老套的激勵個人發(fā)展的故事。摒棄那些老套的激勵個人發(fā)展的故事。 C. 不要虛構(gòu)事件。不要虛構(gòu)事件。3.未來的研究計劃未來的研究計劃 在個人陳述中，申請者應(yīng)該展現(xiàn)出這樣一個自我在個人陳述中，申請者應(yīng)該展現(xiàn)出這樣一個自我形象：自己已經(jīng)了解了未來的研究生學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該達形象：自己已經(jīng)了解了未來的研究生學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該達到什么目標，對未來的研究項目已經(jīng)有了初步的到什么目標，對未來的研究項目已經(jīng)有了初步的計劃。計劃。 在陳述中可以提及你已經(jīng)在做這方面的相關(guān)文獻在陳述中可以提及你已經(jīng)在做這方面的相關(guān)文獻閱讀，也對本領(lǐng)域的頂尖專家有了足夠的了解閱讀，也對本領(lǐng)域的頂尖專家有了足夠的了解。 避免使用避免

4、使用“nice paper”，“interesting research”等這種泛泛而談的措辭。等這種泛泛而談的措辭。 可以用上可以用上“perhaps”,“I hope to”，“possibilities include”等不確定的說法，這是很恰當?shù)拇朕o等不確定的說法，這是很恰當?shù)拇朕o 。3. 職業(yè)目標和定位職業(yè)目標和定位 在個人陳述中很有必要說明是什么樣的職業(yè)目標在個人陳述中很有必要說明是什么樣的職業(yè)目標導(dǎo)致你申請該專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)。例如：導(dǎo)致你申請該專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)。例如： Why do you want to be a Chemist? What do you plan to do with you

5、r degree in Chemistry? How can University XXX help you attain these goals?5. 個人陳述的結(jié)構(gòu)個人陳述的結(jié)構(gòu) 結(jié)構(gòu)合理，脈絡(luò)清晰，語言準確流暢，簡潔明快結(jié)構(gòu)合理，脈絡(luò)清晰，語言準確流暢，簡潔明快 個人陳述的開頭是靈活多樣的，有的人用一則趣個人陳述的開頭是靈活多樣的，有的人用一則趣聞軼事，有的人用一則名言警句，有的人用一個聞軼事，有的人用一則名言警句，有的人用一個問題，有的直接敘述，然后在文中展開，最后在問題，有的直接敘述，然后在文中展開，最后在文章的末尾重申自己的觀點。文章的末尾重申自己的觀點。 要正確分段，英語中的段落

6、都是一個段落陳述一要正確分段，英語中的段落都是一個段落陳述一個觀點，不要隨意的分段。個觀點，不要隨意的分段。6.多讀其他人的個人陳述，也多找其他人讀你的多讀其他人的個人陳述，也多找其他人讀你的 動筆之前，多看成功者的個人陳述動筆之前，多看成功者的個人陳述 放筆之后，多找人來讀你的個人陳述，并修改。放筆之后，多找人來讀你的個人陳述，并修改。 找不同人來修改你的個人陳述，以英語為母語的找不同人來修改你的個人陳述，以英語為母語的人修改詞匯語法，選詞造句和篇章；找本專業(yè)教人修改詞匯語法，選詞造句和篇章；找本專業(yè)教授從專業(yè)角度提出修改意見。授從專業(yè)角度提出修改意見。7. 反思反思 從以下幾點來檢測自己的

7、個人陳述：從以下幾點來檢測自己的個人陳述：全文語氣肯定并且充滿自信，但是不會讓人全文語氣肯定并且充滿自信，但是不會讓人覺得在自吹自擂。覺得在自吹自擂。文中列出了我的教育經(jīng)歷和研究經(jīng)歷。文中列出了我的教育經(jīng)歷和研究經(jīng)歷。對申請的專業(yè)，項目和教授有充分的了解。對申請的專業(yè)，項目和教授有充分的了解。清楚地解釋了為什么申請的這個專業(yè)或項目清楚地解釋了為什么申請的這個專業(yè)或項目是對我未來職業(yè)目標的最好準備。是對我未來職業(yè)目標的最好準備。1. 推薦信的類型推薦信的類型 A. 表格式推薦信表格式推薦信 部分學(xué)校有固定的推薦信表格，只需要回答部分學(xué)校有固定的推薦信表格，只需要回答表格上的問題就可以了。表格上的

8、問題就可以了。 表格中的常見問題：表格中的常見問題：v How long have been known the applicant?v你認識申請人多長時間了？你認識申請人多長時間了？vWhat is the nature of your relationship with the applicant?v你與申請人是什么關(guān)系？你與申請人是什么關(guān)系？二、推薦信寫作二、推薦信寫作vComment on the applicants potential for intellectual and professional growth.v請談?wù)撘幌赂纳暾埲说闹橇吐殬I(yè)發(fā)展?jié)摿φ堈務(wù)撘幌赂纳暾埲说闹橇?/p>

9、職業(yè)發(fā)展?jié)摿How would you compare the applicants intellectual abilities, character, and personally relative to other students whom you have also recommended for admission to this school?v與其他你推薦的申請本校的學(xué)生相比，申請人的與其他你推薦的申請本校的學(xué)生相比，申請人的智力水平，品質(zhì)和性格如何？智力水平，品質(zhì)和性格如何？vDoes the applicant have any unique skills or tale

10、nts which you have observed?申請人是否具有與眾不同的技能或資質(zhì)？申請人是否具有與眾不同的技能或資質(zhì)？vIn your estimation, has the applicant given careful consideration to his/her commitment to graduate study as well as to a subsequent career?v你是否認為申請人對申請研究生教育以及進而從事你是否認為申請人對申請研究生教育以及進而從事相關(guān)職業(yè)的選擇是慎重的？相關(guān)職業(yè)的選擇是慎重的？vIn your observation, how

11、has the applicant reacted under stress, academic or otherwise?v據(jù)你觀察，申請人在處于學(xué)術(shù)壓力等情況時表現(xiàn)如據(jù)你觀察，申請人在處于學(xué)術(shù)壓力等情況時表現(xiàn)如何？何？vHow would you access the applicants social skills and judgment of people?v你認為申請人的社會交往能力和觀察人的能力如何你認為申請人的社會交往能力和觀察人的能力如何？B. 信件式推薦信信件式推薦信 信件式推薦信是最常見的推薦信形式。一般來信件式推薦信是最常見的推薦信形式。一般來說，需要包括以下內(nèi)容要點：

12、說，需要包括以下內(nèi)容要點：v推薦人與申請人的關(guān)系，以何種身份認識；推薦人與申請人的關(guān)系，以何種身份認識；v推薦人對申請人的學(xué)習(xí)情況的評價，包括學(xué)業(yè)能推薦人對申請人的學(xué)習(xí)情況的評價，包括學(xué)業(yè)能力、在校表現(xiàn)等；力、在校表現(xiàn)等；v申請人的學(xué)術(shù)潛力、個人能力、獨創(chuàng)性等表現(xiàn)；申請人的學(xué)術(shù)潛力、個人能力、獨創(chuàng)性等表現(xiàn)；v申請人的個人特質(zhì)，如進取心、獨立性、果斷力申請人的個人特質(zhì)，如進取心、獨立性、果斷力等；等；v申請人的人品素質(zhì)，如團隊精神、社會奉獻等；申請人的人品素質(zhì)，如團隊精神、社會奉獻等；v申請人對所申請之課程的適用性及完成學(xué)業(yè)之后申請人對所申請之課程的適用性及完成學(xué)業(yè)之后的生涯展望。的生涯展望。2

13、. 信件式推薦信的具體信件式推薦信的具體內(nèi)容內(nèi)容v英英語推薦信和普通的英語書信格式大同小異，可語推薦信和普通的英語書信格式大同小異，可大致分為稱呼語（大致分為稱呼語（Salutation）、正文（）、正文（Body）、結(jié)尾（、結(jié)尾（Conclusion）和簽名（）和簽名（Signature）四部）四部分。分。 3. 寫作要求和技巧寫作要求和技巧 稱呼語稱呼語 一般用一般用Dear Sir/Madam 即可。如果推薦信寫給即可。如果推薦信寫給具體某一個人，則應(yīng)該加上該人的稱呼，如具體某一個人，則應(yīng)該加上該人的稱呼，如Dear Dr. White, Dear Mr. Black 等等。等等。 如果

14、沒有明確如果沒有明確的收件人，也可寫作的收件人，也可寫作To Whom It May Concern。稱呼語頂頭，前面無空格。稱呼語頂頭，前面無空格。 正文正文 推薦信的正文一般可以分為三段。推薦信的正文一般可以分為三段。 第一段說明推薦人與申請人的關(guān)系，第一段說明推薦人與申請人的關(guān)系， 包括在何時包括在何時何地認識，以及推薦人的資格，如：何地認識，以及推薦人的資格，如：例例1：“I have known Miss XX since 2008, when she was accepted into our undergraduate program without taking the Nat

15、ional University Entrance Examination on her exceptional academic strength.”v例例2：“Having been Mr. XXs teacher while he was completing his undergraduate thesis defense in 2009, I was greatly impressed with his excellent diagrams, and with unified and coherent manner in which he articulated his thesis

16、.”v例例3：“I first met Mr. XX in 2008 when I was teaching Electrical Machines and Drives. He was at that time a student of the Mathematics department.”v 例例4：“I first became acquainted with Miss XX when I was assigned a key research project. I decided to select some outstanding students to act as resear

17、ch assistants and my colleagues immediately recommended Miss XX to me.”v 例例5：“During the course of my thirty years as a teacher I have come into contact with countless students. While some students stand out in the time that I teach them, very few make a lasting impression. Mr. XX, one of my most gi

18、fted students, is someone who has made such an impression.”v第二段應(yīng)該包括申請人的個人信息，說明其資格第二段應(yīng)該包括申請人的個人信息，說明其資格與能力，以及寫推薦信的目的。如有必要的話，與能力，以及寫推薦信的目的。如有必要的話，這部分也可以分幾個小段落來詳細描述。如果推這部分也可以分幾個小段落來詳細描述。如果推薦者是任課老師或者是指導(dǎo)教授，可以寫一些申薦者是任課老師或者是指導(dǎo)教授，可以寫一些申請人在課堂上及科研上的表現(xiàn)，如完成的研究計請人在課堂上及科研上的表現(xiàn)，如完成的研究計劃、實驗室研究、研究報告、考試成績、課堂態(tài)劃、實驗室研究、研

19、究報告、考試成績、課堂態(tài)度、討論課的參與等，并舉出實例。最后還可將度、討論課的參與等，并舉出實例。最后還可將申請人與班級的其他同學(xué)加以比較，如：申請人與班級的其他同學(xué)加以比較，如： v 例例1：“When I had the pleasure of instructing him, he demonstrated his understanding of the theory at an advanced level. I found it quite enjoyable to talk with Mr. XX because of his provoking comments and inh

20、erent ability to grasp the crux of various problems. In his computer science studies, his talent was evident. His work was exceptional enough to be included in the subsequent course textbook and teaching software to help instruct other studies. His Mathematical strength was also notable, from his pr

21、ecise and accurate computations to his ability to do critical thinking. His superior academic capabilities allowed him the opportunity to be teaching a s s i s t a n t o f a m a t e r i a l s c o u r s e . ”v 例例2：“What impressed me most about Miss XX is her ability to work independently with little

22、direct guidance, her calculated, methodical approach to any problem, and her ability to delve deeply into any subject that requires her attention. In the above-mentioned project, she was forced to work with little direct input from me as I was away from campus at the time. From collecting all the ma

23、terials and data to analyzing the users requirements, from the detailed designing to the final programming, she independently, creatively and successfully f i n i s h e d t h e p r o j e c t . ”v 例例3：“Miss XX worked as a teaching assistant for lab during the second year of her graduate studies. She

24、taught organic chemistry on her own for undergraduates majoring in environmental chemistry, and checked homework for those students studying the environmental chemistry. Displaying notable maturity, she prepared meticulously and was adept at motivating students. She took her responsibilities very se

25、riously, and was constantly trying to improve her performance.”v 例例4：“The winner of many scholarships and awards as an undergraduate student, Mr. XX also won First Prize in the National College-Student Electronic Design Contest as well as many other honors. He graduated with full honors as a top stu

26、dent. The recognition that has achieved is clear evidence of his potential for graduate studies, and I am sure that he will prove an excellent participant in your graduate program. I fully support his decision to study in the US.”v如果是由工作單位的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提供的個人簡歷，第二如果是由工作單位的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)提供的個人簡歷，第二段就不一樣了，但還是通過具體的實例來說明申段就不一樣了

27、，但還是通過具體的實例來說明申請人在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù)能力、研究能力、獨立處請人在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù)能力、研究能力、獨立處理突發(fā)問題的能力、獨立解決問題的能力、創(chuàng)新理突發(fā)問題的能力、獨立解決問題的能力、創(chuàng)新能力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力等。推薦人應(yīng)該根據(jù)申請人所申能力、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力等。推薦人應(yīng)該根據(jù)申請人所申請的專業(yè)來對癥下藥，合理增刪此部分內(nèi)容，如請的專業(yè)來對癥下藥，合理增刪此部分內(nèi)容，如：v例例1：“Ms. XX first came to work for me upon graduation from XXX University. The company was breathed into new life b

28、y her youthful vigor and spirit of aspiration to make advertising a career. She began by working in the customer service department as an assistant manager. The enthusiasm she showed and her professional knowledge allowed her to adapt quickly to the position. Through her hard work and efforts she es

29、tablished a good name among her peers.”v 例例2：“Mr. XX has been working at our company for more than three years, as Director of Public Relations. During that time, he has demonstrated consummate professionalism and admirable responsibility. As the market leader in cellphones in China, our company oft

30、en attracts a lot of adverse attention from the competitors. Mr. XX is adept at managing such attacks when they arise, exercising confidence, skill and tact in his handling of crises. He is admirably calm and collected under pressure, and is always able to re-enhance the good name of our brand. v 例例

31、3：“When faced with a problem, Mr. XX always tries to find the best possible solution rather than resorting to the quickest or simplest answer. To achieve this result, he spends some time analyzing the situation to identify the key issues. His logical and methodical approach has been very effective f

32、or him and efficient for our country. In a recent massive project to list a conglomerate on the stock exchanges, Mr. XX was solely responsible for the profit and loss accounts, borrowings and reserve. He performed a thorough analysis on debt restructure and fair value of long term loan. His excellen

33、t work facilitated the entire accounting task. When we prepared the final reports, he took a strong lead in writing them in English, which proved his competency in writing.”v第三段可以進一步補充申請人的個人素質(zhì)、第三段可以進一步補充申請人的個人素質(zhì)、榮譽獎勵、科研潛力、溝通技巧、英語能力等內(nèi)榮譽獎勵、科研潛力、溝通技巧、英語能力等內(nèi)容，并對申請人是否能成功完成學(xué)業(yè)提出自己的容，并對申請人是否能成功完成學(xué)業(yè)提出自己的看法，如

34、：看法，如：v例例1：“In addition to Mr. XXs strength in his major, I am often surprised by his ability to speak impeccable English. While only a freshman, he took the state-run College English Test and scored the highest out of all his classmates. Simply passing the test is required of graduates, but Mr. XXs

35、 English is far more advanced than most. Recently, in the campus English Debate, his remarkable performance led us to select him as the only freshman to represent our school in the National English Debate.”v 例例2：“In addition to masterful abilities, Miss XX embodies admirable personal characteristics

36、. Balancing both cooperative and independent qualities, she can be both an indispensable team player and an assertive leader. As head of a research team, Miss XX delegated work with authority and equality. Yet in order to boost the teams productivity, she readily cooperated with individuals. Meanwhi

37、le in other varied capacities, she consistently vocalized her thoughtful ideas as much as she paid attention to others rationale. ”v 例例3：“Aside from his caliber in the classroom, Mr. XX is also one of the most active students in the school and has an outstanding natural leadership ability. Mr. XXs t

38、alents and commitments cover a broad spectrum. He devoted his enthusiasm and ability to the student union, organizing various activities. Besides that he showed tremendous selflessness in helping his classmates improve their oral English. Through these activities he became much more confident and ma

39、ture. As a result of his service to the school in many areas, he was awarded the All-rounded Student Award, an honor extended to only 5% of the student body.” 結(jié)尾結(jié)尾v主要內(nèi)容敘述清楚后，推薦信后還應(yīng)該有一主要內(nèi)容敘述清楚后，推薦信后還應(yīng)該有一個簡短的總結(jié)。總結(jié)部分再次簡述推薦人為什么個簡短的總結(jié)。總結(jié)部分再次簡述推薦人為什么要推薦申請人，以及對申請人的美好祝愿，還可要推薦申請人，以及對申請人的美好祝愿，還可以加上以加上I highly recommend the person 或或I recommend the person without reservation 或者或者其他類似的句子，如：其他類似的句子，如：v例例1：“Reviewing his work for us, I would say unequivocally that Mr. XX is well prepared intellectually to pursue his education in your program. I am sure that he will become a real as