Grammar必修4Module3

1、If you say the word “communication”, most people think of words and sentences.We use “l(fā)earned” body language when we are introduced to strangers. Look at these sentences from the passage.The sentences from the passage1. describe common situations2. describe impossible situations3. use if or when to

2、introduce the situation4. explain the result of the situation in the other part of the sentence5. use the present simple tense in both parts of the sentenceNow tick the true statements.引導條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是引導條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if, 由由if引導的條件狀語從句表示在某種引導的條件狀語從句表示在某種條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。條件下某事很可能發(fā)生。e.g. If you ask him, he wil

3、l help you. 如果你請他幫忙如果你請他幫忙, 他會幫你的。他會幫你的。If you fail in the exam, you will let him down. 如果你考試不及格如果你考試不及格, 你會讓他失望的。你會讓他失望的。另外另外, if從句還表示不可實現的條件或從句還表示不可實現的條件或根本不可能存在的條件根本不可能存在的條件, 也就是一種虛也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設擬的條件或假設, 從句多用一般過去時從句多用一般過去時或過去完成時?；蜻^去完成時。e.g. If I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你如果我是

4、你, 我會邀請他參加聚會。我會邀請他參加聚會。 I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic. 如果沒有堵車如果沒有堵車, 我會到的早一點兒。我會到的早一點兒。其他引導詞其他引導詞:1. unless conj. 除非除非, 若不若不, 除非在除非在的時候的時候e.g. You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 如果你不早點動身如果你不早點動身, 你就不能及時趕你就不能及時趕 到那兒。到那兒。 Unless

5、it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨除非下雨, 比賽將照常進行。比賽將照常進行。 2. on condition (that). 在在條件下條件下, 如果如果 on condition (that).引導的條件從句是主引導的條件從句是主句事件發(fā)生的前提條件或唯一條件。句事件發(fā)生的前提條件或唯一條件。 e.g. I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret. 我可以告訴你真相我可以告訴你真相, 條件是你答應條件是你答應 保守秘密。保守秘密。You can g

6、o swimming on condition (that) you dont go too far from the river bank. 你只有在不遠離河岸的條件下才可以下你只有在不遠離河岸的條件下才可以下水游泳。水游泳。e.g. Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sports meeting? 倘若下雨倘若下雨, 我們的運動會還要繼續(xù)我們的運動會還要繼續(xù) 舉行嗎舉行嗎? Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then? 假如出了什么問題假如出了什么問題, 你準備怎么

7、辦你準備怎么辦?3. supposing conj. 如果如果, 假如假如 supposing引導的條件從句表示一引導的條件從句表示一 種種_。假設條件假設條件4. provided conj. 假如假如, 除非除非, 以以為條件為條件 provided (that) + 從句從句, 表示一種假設表示一種假設 條件。條件。 e.g. He will sign the contract provided we offer more favorable terms. 如果我們提出更優(yōu)惠的條件如果我們提出更優(yōu)惠的條件, 他就他就 會在合同上簽字。會在合同上簽字。He wont be against

8、us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我們提前征求一下他的意見如果我們提前征求一下他的意見, 他他就不會在會上反對我們。就不會在會上反對我們。另外還有另外還有in case, as/so long as等。等。e.g. In case it rains, do not expect me. 如若下雨如若下雨, 就不要等我了。就不要等我了。 As long as you promise to come, Ill wait for you until you come. 只要你答應只要你答應, 我就等你

9、來。我就等你來。從上述例句可以看出從上述例句可以看出if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided等等詞引導的條件狀語從句詞引導的條件狀語從句, 主從句條件關主從句條件關系分明系分明, 結構清晰。結構清晰。在條件狀語從句中在條件狀語從句中, 用用_代代替替_, _代替代替_。 一般現在時一般現在時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一般過去時過去將來時過去將來時但有些句子但有些句子, 雖沒有含條件關系的連詞雖沒有含條件關系的連詞,卻也隱含著條件關系卻也隱含著條件關系, 這些句子常用一這些句子常用一些詞些詞, 如如but for, withou

10、t等引出一個介等引出一個介詞結構來表示條件詞結構來表示條件, 條件常常是虛擬的條件常常是虛擬的,或與事實相反的假設?；蚺c事實相反的假設。but for 若非若非, 要不是要不是e.g. But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey. 要不是下雨要不是下雨, 我們的旅行肯定會很愉我們的旅行肯定會很愉 快的?？斓?。 But for your help, we should not have finished in time. 要不是你幫忙要不是你幫忙, 我們肯定不能及時完我們肯定不能及時完 成任務。成任務。Find more example

11、s of sentences with if or when in the passage. 1) If our right hand is busy greeting someone, it cannot be holding a weapon.2) If you shake hands with someone, you show you trust them.3) We shake hands when we make a deal. 4) When we greet someone, we put the right hand over the left and bow slightl

12、y. a. If you meet someone you usually shake his/her hand.b. What shall I do if Im invited to dinner?c. Unless youre very unlucky youll soon think of something.Look at the sentences and answer the questions.1. Which sentence refers to a normal everyday situation?2. Which sentence refers to a possibil

13、ity in the future?3. Which word in the third sentence means if not? 1. a 2. b 3. unless1. If you _ a cake, your host _ very pleased. (take, be)2. Unless the weather _ better, I _ at home. (get, stay)3. He _ home early if he _ well. (go, not feel)take will be gets will stay will godoesnt feelComplete

14、 the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.4. What _ I _ if they _ about politics? (do, talk)5. If you _ your hand, the taxi _. (raise, stop)6. I _ anything unless he _ me. (not say, ask)raise will stop will not say asksshalldotalk1. Are you thinking about going to New York for th

15、e holiday? No. But if I _the time, I would definitely go. A. have B. had C. have had D. would have BChoose the best answers.2. If you _ this experiment, you will understand the theory better.A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would do B3. The volleyball match will be put off if it _.

16、 A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining B4 . Shall Brown come and play computer games? No, _ he has finished his homework. A. when B. if C. unless D. onceC1. Whatever you do, dont leave immediately after the meal is finished. a. It is important to leave immediately after the meal has finished

17、. b. Dont do anything after the meal has finished. Read the sentences and choose the correct meaning.c. You can do anything you like after the meal has finished. d. It is important not to leave immediately after the meal has finished.2. However hungry you are, you shouldnt start to eat before your h

18、ost does. a. If you are hungry you can start to eat. b. Even if you are hungry you should wait. c. It is important to start eating before your host. d. Dont eat anything if youre not hungry.1. though, although表示表示“雖然雖然, 縱然縱然”之意。在一般情況下可以互換使用。之意。在一般情況下可以互換使用。 在口語中在口語中, though 較常使用較常使用, although比比thoug

19、h正式正式, 二者都可與二者都可與yet, still或或nevertheless連用連用, 但不能與但不能與but連用。連用。 讓步狀語從句的引導詞讓步狀語從句的引導詞: :e.g. Though/Although he was worn out, (still) he kept on working. 雖然他已經精疲力竭雖然他已經精疲力竭, 但仍然繼續(xù)工作。但仍然繼續(xù)工作。 Though/Although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong. 他雖然年紀大了他雖然年紀大了, 身體還很健壯。身體還很健壯。注意注意: although引導的讓步狀語

20、從句位于引導的讓步狀語從句位于主句之前的情況較多主句之前的情況較多, though引導的讓引導的讓步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。步狀語從句可位于主句之前或主句之后。 e.g. She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她雖然不用功學習她雖然不用功學習, 考試卻及格了?？荚噮s及格了。2. Object as you may, Ill go. = Though / Although you may object, Ill go. 縱使你反對縱使你反對, 我也要去。我也要去。 Hard as/ though

21、 he works, he makes little progress.= Though he works hard, he makes little progress. 盡管他學習很努力盡管他學習很努力, 但幾乎沒取得什但幾乎沒取得什 么進步。么進步。 【歸納【歸納】 as, though表示表示“雖然雖然但是但是”, “縱縱使使”之意。之意。 as引導的讓步狀語從句必須以引導的讓步狀語從句必須以_ _的形式出現的形式出現, 被倒裝的部分可以被倒裝的部分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形是表語、狀語或動詞原形, though間或間或也用于這樣的結構中也用于這樣的結構中, 但但although不可不可

22、以這樣用。以這樣用。 部分部分倒裝倒裝Child as / though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. =Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 雖然他是一個孩子雖然他是一個孩子, 但他知道該做什么。但他知道該做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. 縱然你讀得快縱然你讀得快, 你也不能這么快讀完這本你也不能這么快讀完這本書。書。 3. even if, even thoug

23、h 表示表示“即使即使”, “縱使縱使”之意。這兩個復合連詞的之意。這兩個復合連詞的意思基本相同，它們?？苫Q使用意思基本相同，它們?？苫Q使用, 但意義有細微差別。但意義有細微差別。 even if引導的讓步從句含有強烈的假引導的讓步從句含有強烈的假定性定性, 而而even though引導讓步狀語從引導讓步狀語從句時句時, 是以從句內容為先決條件的是以從句內容為先決條件的, 也也就是說就是說, 說話人肯定了從句的事實。說話人肯定了從句的事實。 e.g. Well make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好即使天氣不好, 我們也

24、要作一次旅行。我們也要作一次旅行。 Even if he is poor, she loves him. = He may be poor, yet she loves him. 即使他很窮即使他很窮, 但她還是愛他。但她還是愛他。Even though he is poor, she loves him. = He is poor, yet she loves him.盡管他很窮盡管他很窮, 但她還是愛她。但她還是愛她。4. whether . or .表示表示“不論是否不論是否”, “不管是不管是還是還是”之意。之意。 由這一個復合連詞引導的讓步狀語從由這一個復合連詞引導的讓步狀語從句旨在

25、說明正反兩個方面的可能性都句旨在說明正反兩個方面的可能性都不會影響主句的意向或結果。不會影響主句的意向或結果。e.g. Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy. 不管你忙不忙不管你忙不忙, 都要參加這個典禮。都要參加這個典禮。 Whether you believe it or not, its true. 無論你是否相信無論你是否相信, 這都是真的。這都是真的。5.“no matter + 疑問詞疑問詞”或或“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”的含義為的含義為“都都; 不管不管都都”, 它們引導的讓步狀語從句可以它們引導

26、的讓步狀語從句可以互換?；Q。 e.g. No matter what happened, he would not mind. = Whatever happened, he would not mind. 無論發(fā)生了什么無論發(fā)生了什么, 他都不會介意的。他都不會介意的。 No matter who you are, you must keep the law.=Whoever you are, you must keep the law. 不管你是誰不管你是誰, 你都要遵紀守法。你都要遵紀守法。但但“no matter + 疑問詞疑問詞”結構只能引導結構只能引導讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句,

27、而而“疑問詞疑問詞-ever”還可以還可以引導名詞性從句。引導名詞性從句。e.g. Whatever (= No matter what) you say, I wont believe you. (Whatever 引導讓步狀語從句引導讓步狀語從句)無論你說什么無論你說什么, 我都不會相信你。我都不會相信你。Ill eat whatever ( no matter what) you give me. (whatever引導賓語從句引導賓語從句) 你給我吃什么你給我吃什么, 我就吃什么。我就吃什么。Whoever comes will be welcome. (Whoever 引導主語從句引

28、導主語從句) 不管誰來都受到歡迎。不管誰來都受到歡迎。此外此外, 有時有時while也可以引導讓步狀語也可以引導讓步狀語從句從句, 但一般要位于句首。但一般要位于句首。e.g. While I like the colour, I dont like the shape. 我雖然喜歡那顏色我雖然喜歡那顏色, 但不喜歡那形但不喜歡那形 狀。狀。 1. _ I feel lonely, I think about you. 2. _ he is, he is very rude to me. 3. _ I go, I always meet interesting people. 4. You c

29、an invite _ you like to the party. WheneverWhoeverWhereverwhoever Complete the sentences with whoever, wherever, whenever or however. 5. _ late you arrive, Ill come and meet.6. I feel shy _ she says hello to me.7. I hear that song _ I switch on the radio.8. _ much I study, I find these exercises difficult. However whenever whenever However 選用方框內合適的關聯詞并用其正確形選用方框內合適的關聯詞并用其正確形式完成下面短文式完成下面短文(可重復選用可重復選用)。Dear kids, Dont be frightened, the world isnt coming to an end. I