Romantic Red Red Enhances Men’s Attraction to Women：浪漫的紅色增強(qiáng)男性對(duì)女性的吸引力

1、Romantic Red: Red Enhances Mens Attraction to WomenAndrew J. Elliot and Daniela NiestaUniversity of RochesterElliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Summary by: Tiffany Harrison and

2、Amanda LernorFor Dr. Mills Psyc310, Fall 2021IntroductionResearchers hypothesize that the color red will lead men to perceive woman as being more physically attractive and more sexually desirable.The color red serves as an aphrodisiac for men.Carries meaning of sex and romance Elliot, A., & Niesta,

3、D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Red-Sex LinkSocietySymbolizes fertilityIn literature, it is associated with sexuality (e.g. The Scarlet Letter)Women wear red clothing and make up to represent pass

4、ion and sexualityRed is the popular color of choice for Valentines DayBiologySome female primate species display a reddening of the genitals when nearing ovulationIncreased estrogen levels enhances vascular blood flowMale primates are attracted to the red color that females exhibit Elliot, A., & Nie

5、sta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Red-Sex Link cont.Women nearing ovulation tend to wear less clothing, leaving more skin visibleWomen in the middle of their ovulation cycle are more sexually i

6、nterested as well as sexually arousedIn addition, women tend to blush more when they are sexually aroused, resulting in the reddening of the skinRed carries a sexual meaning whether it is naturally or artificially displayed on a womans bodyElliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red

7、enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Appetitive EvaluationPerceived physical attractiveness:Refers to a positive judgment regarding the targets physical appearanceSexual attraction:Refers to a felt desire to become romantically involved wi

8、th the targetThese two aspects were used to examine the influence of the color red in each experiment.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Overview of ExperimentsExperiment 1:Male

9、s were presented with a black and white photo of an averagely attractive woman on either a white or red background Experiment 2:Same as Exp. 1 with women includedExperiments 3-5:Influence of red was compared to a variety of other colors using same method as Exp. 1In all experiments, men were assesse

10、d to determine whether they were aware of the influence of red on their perceptions.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Experiment 1ParticipantsSample: 27 male undergraduatesMean

11、 age: 20.52 years (SD=1.83)Majority of participants were CaucasianProcedureMen had 5s to look at the picture followed by a questionnaire which consisted of questions that assessed how attractive the participants found the woman to be. ResultsThere was a main effect for color such that men in the red

12、 condition perceived woman to be more attractive than did men in the white condition. Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red:

13、Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Experiment 2ParticipantsSample: 63 (31 males, 32 females) undergraduatesMean age: 19.27 years (SD=1.79)Majority of participants were CaucasianProcedureSame as Exp. 1 except participants were informe

14、d that the experiment was looking at how people form impressions of othersResultsMen perceived the target women to be more attractive when associated with red relative to white; this effect was not present for women.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction

15、 to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Experiment 3ParticipantsSample: 37 male undergraduatesMean age: 20.0

16、0 years (SD=1.70)Majority of participants were CaucasianProcedureSame as Exp. 1, except a gray background was substituted for the white background and perceived likeability was measured in addition to perceived attractiveness and sexual attractionResultsMen in the red condition found the woman to be

17、 more attractive and sexually desirable but it did not effect overall likeability.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red

18、enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Experiment 4ParticipantsSample: 31 male undergraduatesMean age: 19.97 years (SD=1.22)Majority of participants were CaucasianProcedureSame as Exp. 1, except a green background was substituted for the whi

19、te background and perceived kindness and intelligence was measured in addition to perceived attractiveness and sexual attractionResultsMen in the red condition found the woman to be more attractive and sexually desirable but it did not effect perceived kindness and intelligence.Elliot, A., & Niesta,

20、 D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Exper

21、iment 5ParticipantsSample: 23 male undergraduatesMean age: 19.77 years (SD=1.34)Majority of participants were CaucasianProcedureColor presentation was transferred to the target womans shirt using the color red compared to the color blueWillingness to date and spend money on a date with the target wa

22、s measured in addition to perceived attractiveness and sexual attractionResultsMen who viewed a woman in a red shirt perceived her to be more attractive, were more sexually attracted to her, and indicated a greater likelihood of asking her on a date and spending money on a date with her.Elliot, A.,

23、& Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1164.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1150-1

24、164.Critical ReviewInteresting Facts:Women tend to wear less clothing when they are near ovulation.Men would spend more money on a woman just because she is wearing a red item of clothing.Given that color is part of everyday stimuli, it is surprising how little research has been conducted on color i

25、n the psychological field.Dislikes:They only showed female photos even in Exp. 2, when women were included.The study could have included a broader spectrum of ages among men.One thing the researchers were unsure of would be if the red effect would have the same impact for highly attractive women, as a ceiling effect could exist, where nothing else would be needed to induce maximum male attraction.Elliot, A., & Niesta, D. (2021 November). Romantic red: Red enhances mens attraction to women. Journal of Person