Oracle基礎(chǔ)知識_第三講ppt課件

1、第三講管理ORACLE數(shù)據(jù)庫二零一零年六月目的學習此章，需求掌握以下知識:啟停 Enterprise Manager Database Control啟停 Oracle Listener啟停 Oracle Database 10g了解數(shù)據(jù)庫日志文件和初始化參數(shù)文件管理架構(gòu)ORACLE10G數(shù)據(jù)庫的管理架構(gòu)由三部分組成：數(shù)據(jù)實例 Listener管理工具 Database ControlManagement agent (when using Grid Control)ListenerDatabase ControlManagementagentManagement interface-or-啟

2、停 Database Control$ emctl start dbconsoleTZ set to US/PacificOracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.1.0.2.0Copyright (c) 1996, 2004 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.edrsr9p1.us.oracle:5500/em/console/aboutApplicationStarting Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control st

3、arted.Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/db_1/edrsr9p1.us.oracle_orcl/sysman/log$ emctl stop dbconsoleTZ set to US/PacificOracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.1.0.2.0Copyright (c) 1996, 2004 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.edrsr9p1.us.oracle:5

4、500/em/console/aboutApplicationStopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control . . Stopped.訪問Database ControlSYSOPER 和SYSDBADatabase Home Page改動 Listener 形狀啟動和停頓Click Advanced Options to select startup options and shutdown mode啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫NOMOUNTOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWNInstance startedSTARTUP啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫M

5、OUNTOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWNControl file opened for this instanceInstance startedSTARTUPSHUTDOWN啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫OPENOPENMOUNTNOMOUNTSHUTDOWNAll files opened as described by the control file for this instanceControl file opened for this instanceInstance startedSTARTUPSHUTDOWN停頓數(shù)據(jù)庫Shutdown mode:A = ABORTI = IMME

6、DIATET = TRANSACTIONALN = NORMALANoNoNoNoTNoNoYesYesINoNoNoYesShutdown ModeAllow new connectionsWait until current sessions end Wait until current transactions endForce a checkpoint and close filesNNoYesYesYesSHUTDOWN 選項此種方式停頓:數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)的內(nèi)容曾經(jīng)寫回數(shù)據(jù)文件未提交事務(wù)進展回滾資源被釋放此種方式啟動:無須進展實例恢復(fù)During SHUTDOWN NORMALorSHUT

7、DOWN TRANSACTIONALorSHUTDOWN IMMEDIATEConsistent database(clean database)SHUTDOWN 選項此種方式停頓:更改后的數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)未寫回數(shù)據(jù)文件未提交事務(wù)未進展回滾此種方式啟動:聯(lián)機日志文件用來進展前滾回滾段用來進展未提交事務(wù)的回滾資源被釋放During SHUTDOWN ABORTorInstance FailureorSTARTUP FORCEInconsistent database(dirty database)spfiledb01.ora初始化參數(shù)文件初始化參數(shù)文件續(xù)普通放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs(Uni

8、x)或$ORACLE_HOME/database(Windows)下spfile文件名默以為spfile.ora二進制文件，可由數(shù)據(jù)庫效力器寫入或讀取，不能手動進展編輯。數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動時首選spfilepfile文件名默以為init.ora文本文件，數(shù)據(jù)庫效力器可以讀取但不能寫入。假設(shè)啟動時沒有找到spfile，那么自動搜索此文件。對pfile的修正在下次數(shù)據(jù)庫重啟時生效。初始化參數(shù)根本初始化參數(shù)大多數(shù)情況下，只需求設(shè)置和優(yōu)化32個根本參數(shù)便可獲得合理性能CONTROL_FILES、DB_BLOCK_SIZE、DB_CACHE_SIZE、DB_FILES、PGE_AGGREGATE_TARGENT

9、、SHARED_POOL_SIZE、PROCESSES等。高級初始化參數(shù)除根本參數(shù)外的其他參數(shù)普通采用默許值即可初始化參數(shù)續(xù)動態(tài)初始化參數(shù)能運用alter session或者alter system進展修正。修正之后立刻生效，無需重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫靜態(tài)初始化參數(shù)修正之后需求重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫才干生效查看初始化參數(shù)告警日志文件文件名為alert_.log保管在參數(shù)下BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST指定的目錄下日志文件按時間順序列出音訊日志和錯誤日志：啟動時運用的一切非默許初始化參數(shù)發(fā)生的一切內(nèi)部錯誤ORA- 600、塊損壞錯誤ORA-1578和死鎖錯誤ORA- 60管理操作、EM或SQL Plus語句startup、shutdown、archive log和recover自動刷新實體化視圖過程中發(fā)生的錯誤查看告警日志文件跟蹤文件.trc后臺跟蹤文件background trace file用來記錄后臺進程所檢測到的錯誤保管在參數(shù)下BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST指定的目錄下用戶跟蹤文件user trace file包含了所跟蹤的SQL語句的統(tǒng)計信息和用戶進程的錯誤