班級(jí)量化考核ppt課件

1、重慶大學(xué)版高二(6)Unit 1英語(yǔ)課件.Language pointsUnit 1 Protecting Our EnvironmentThe Coqui in Hawaii.1. The coqui frog population has been increasing in Hawaii since 1988, but just recently exploded.since 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，要留意主句和從句中動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的調(diào)查。一since作為介詞，后接某一確定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是繼續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，常與如今完成時(shí)態(tài)、如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。.1. He left the vill

2、age in 1982 and I havent seen him since then. 1982年他分開(kāi)這個(gè)村子，從那以后我再?zèng)]見(jiàn)過(guò)他。2. Shes been working in a bank since leaving school. 她中學(xué)畢業(yè)后就不斷在一家銀行任務(wù)。3. He had spoken to her only once since the party. 自從那次聚會(huì)以來(lái)，他只跟她說(shuō)過(guò)一次話。.二since作為副詞，表示從過(guò)去以來(lái)、以后或到如今的情形或形狀，常與如今完成時(shí)態(tài)連用。1. He left home two weeks ago and we havent he

3、ard from him since. 他兩周前分開(kāi)了家，到如今我們不斷沒(méi)有他的音訊。2. He came to Zhenjiang 6 years ago and has lived here (ever) since. 他6年前來(lái)到鎮(zhèn)江，從此便住在這里。.三since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句1. 假設(shè)since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是終止性 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，那么從句表示的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開(kāi)場(chǎng)的那一時(shí)辰起。例如：He has studied very hard since he came to our school.自從他來(lái)到我們學(xué)校，他學(xué)習(xí)就非常努力。.We have been missing them

4、 since they left here. 自從他們分開(kāi)這里，我們就不斷很想念他們。Since I left college, I have not seen him.自從我分開(kāi)大學(xué)以后, 就沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他了。They have never been to see me since I was ill.自從我生病之后, 他們不斷沒(méi)來(lái)看過(guò)我。.2. 假設(shè)since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是繼續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示形狀動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句表示的時(shí)間是“從句動(dòng)作或形狀終了時(shí)算起。例如：I havent heard any noise since I slept. sleep 為繼續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，sleep的動(dòng)作

5、終了時(shí)，即“醒來(lái)時(shí)，所以這句應(yīng)譯為“我醒后還未聽(tīng)到任何聲音。.3. 假設(shè)since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)為繼續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的如今完成時(shí)，那么表示動(dòng)作和形狀延續(xù)到如今說(shuō)話時(shí)辰，其表示的時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從動(dòng)作發(fā)生之時(shí)算起。例如：I havent heard from him since he has lived there。 這里has lived表示動(dòng)作的繼續(xù)性，時(shí)間的起點(diǎn)應(yīng)從：“開(kāi)場(chǎng)居住時(shí)算起。因此此句可了解為“自從他開(kāi)場(chǎng)住在那兒起，我就不斷沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。.四since在特殊句型中的運(yùn)用句型I：“It is has been+ 時(shí)間 + since +繼續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“自從以來(lái)到如今已有多久。

6、It has been quite some time since I was last in London. 我上次分開(kāi)倫敦至今頗有一段時(shí)間了。.句型II：“It was + 時(shí)間 + since + 繼續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí), 表示“從到過(guò)去某時(shí)間點(diǎn)以來(lái)。It was three years since we had been here. 那時(shí)我們?cè)谶@已呆了三年。It is three years since I have seen him.我曾經(jīng)三年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到他了。.(05 京春) It is almost five years _ we saw each other last time.A.

7、 Before B. since C. after D. when【解析】此題調(diào)查since的用法。 “It is (has been) + 時(shí)間 + since + 繼續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“自從以來(lái)到如今已有多久。 B.考題：-Has he been home? -_, he _ home since he graduated.A. No; hasnt been B. Yes; has been C. No; isnt D. Yes; is 【解析】此題調(diào)查since的用法?！皊ince引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)是終止性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)，那么從句的時(shí)間是“從動(dòng)作開(kāi)場(chǎng)的那一時(shí)辰算起。 “he ha

8、snt been home since he graduated表示“自從他畢業(yè)以來(lái)，他就分開(kāi)了家。 A.population用法：一、population常與定冠詞the連用, 作主語(yǔ)用時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)方式。The worlds population is increasing faster and faster. 全世界的人口增長(zhǎng)得越來(lái)越快。At the beginning of the twentieth century, the worlds population was about 1,700 million. 在二十世紀(jì)初, 全世界的人口大約是十七億。.二、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是表

9、示“人口的百分之幾、 幾分之幾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)方式。About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 中國(guó)大約有百分之七十的人口是農(nóng)民。.三、有時(shí)population可用作可數(shù)名詞, 其前 可用不定冠詞。China has a population of about 1.3 billion. (=There is a population of about 1.3 billion in China.) 中國(guó)大約有十三億人口。New York is a big city with a population of ove

10、r 10 million. 紐約是一個(gè)有一千多萬(wàn)人口的大城市。.population用法：四、表示人口的“多或“少, 不用“much或“l(fā)ittle, 而要用“l(fā)arge或“small。India has a large population. 印度人口眾多。Singapore has a small population. 新加坡人口少。.五、訊問(wèn)某國(guó)、某地有多少人口時(shí), 不用 “How much.?, 而用“How large.?; 在問(wèn)詳細(xì)人口時(shí)用“What.?。例如:-How large is the population of your hometown? 他們家鄉(xiāng)有多少人口?-Th

11、e population of our hometown is nearly twice as large as that of yours. 我們家鄉(xiāng)的人口是他們家鄉(xiāng)人口的將近兩倍。.-What is the population of Canada? 加拿大的人口有多少?-The population of Canada is about 29 million. 加拿大的人口大約有二千九百萬(wàn)。.六、population還表示“某地、某類的動(dòng)、 植物或物品的總數(shù)。In India, however, the population of tigers has increased, from 2

12、,000 in 1972 to about 5,000 in 1989. 然而在印度, 老虎的總數(shù)已從1972年的2,000只增長(zhǎng)到了1989年的大約5,000只。.I had planned to visit you on the way to Shanghai, but an unexpected thing happened at that time.= I planned to have visited you on the way to shanghai, but 留意這兩句時(shí)態(tài)的變卦，意思不變。2. They were believed to have been brought i

13、n accidentally in shipments of plants. 此句是普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。留意動(dòng)詞不定式是完成式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在believed之前。.bring in的用法：(1) 收獲(莊稼等)。 We brought in a good harvest last year. 我們?nèi)ツ戢@得了好的收成。(2) 獲利，(使)得到(收入)。 The sale of the house only brought in about $45,000. 房子只賣了大約45000美圓。.(3) 引見(jiàn)，引進(jìn)。He brought in six new members last mo

14、nth. 他上個(gè)月引見(jiàn)了六位新會(huì)員。(4) 聘請(qǐng)。Theyve brought in experts to advise on the scheme. 他們已聘請(qǐng)專家對(duì)這項(xiàng)方案提出意見(jiàn)。(5) 拘捕，抓入警察局。Two suspicious characters were brought in. 兩個(gè)可疑的人被拘捕。.3. They have quickly spread around the Hawaiian Islands, hidden in plants.此句中hidden in plants和designed to stop the spread of the coqui均為定語(yǔ)，分

15、別修飾they和efforts，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which are hidden in plants和which are designed to stop the spread of the coqui.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法：There are many efforts in Hawaii designed to stop the spread of the coqui.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1. 單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ), 通常前置 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，具有被動(dòng)和完成 的意義。a broken cupa wounded soldieran unexpected guestthe excited crowd

16、A cup which is broken A soldier who was woundedA guest who is unexpectedThe crowd who were excited.c)有時(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)一個(gè)名詞或數(shù)詞加另一個(gè)名詞的 過(guò)去分詞可以構(gòu)成生動(dòng)籠統(tǒng)的復(fù)合描畫(huà)詞。 * a three-legged table * a one-eyed general * an honest-faced man a grown womana retired officerA woman who has grownA officer who has retiredb. 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞，具有自動(dòng)

17、和 完成意義。.2. 過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)：通常后置，其作 用相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句。a letter written in pencilthe book borrowed by Jackthe machines produced last year= a letter which was written in pencil= the book which was borrowed by Jack= the machines which were produced last year.This object, discovered almost by accident, has changed mach

18、ine.= This object, which was discovered almost by accident, has changed machine.過(guò)去分詞與如今分詞的區(qū)別：1 語(yǔ)態(tài)不同：如今分詞表示自動(dòng)，及物動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)注：不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞只需“完成含 義，而不表示被動(dòng)。an inspiring speech the inspired audience鼓舞人心的演說(shuō)遭到鼓舞的觀眾The falling leaves the fallen leaves落葉(正往下落的)落葉(曾經(jīng)落到地面的).2 時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：如今分詞作定語(yǔ)，多表示“動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)展或“與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)進(jìn)展或

19、“經(jīng)常性。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，那么多表示分詞動(dòng)作“先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作 或“ 沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性1. Do you know the boy _ (lie) under the big tree?2. “Cant you read? Mary said angrily _ (point) to the notice.lyingpointing.3. The woman _ (sell) vegetables has gone.4. The wheat is watered by water _ (bring) from a pond.5. He is a leader _ (respect) by

20、 the people.sellingbroughtrespected.3. 及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(done)與如今分詞的 被動(dòng)式(being done)都可以表示“被動(dòng)， 但前者多表示一個(gè)完成了的動(dòng)作，而后 者那么表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)展的動(dòng)作.the problem discussed yesterdaythe problem being discussed .4. 過(guò)去分詞(done)與如今分詞的完成被動(dòng)式 (having been done)都表示“完成和“被 動(dòng)，但前者的時(shí)間性不變，而后者更加 強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞動(dòng)作明顯先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作。1. He is a teacher _ (respect) by a

21、ll.2. _ (tell)to stay in , the boy decided not to return to his village.respectedHaving been told.4. But in Hawaii, the foreign frog has been condemned as a harmful animal.be condemned as 被咒詛為.，類似表達(dá)法還有：be regarded as 被當(dāng)作be kept as 被堅(jiān)持為be considered as 被當(dāng)作be known as 被知曉為be thought of as. 被看作be looke

22、d on as. 被當(dāng)作.5. and local people have complained about the loud calls made by the coqui frogs. vi. complain to sb. about sth. 向某人報(bào)怨某事。I have to complain to the manager about it. 對(duì)這件事我不得不向經(jīng)理申訴。 vt. 埋怨; 控訴 +that He complained that the exam was too hard. 他埋怨考試太難了。 . complaint n. 埋怨 1. I have a complain

23、t of the chest. 我胸部不適。 2. You have no cause for complaint. 他沒(méi)有理由埋怨。 3. The road-works caused much complaint among local residents. 修路引起周圍居民很多怨言。.4. You have no cause/grounds for complaint. 他沒(méi)有理由埋怨。5. She lodged a complaint about the noise. 她就噪音問(wèn)題提出贊揚(yáng)。.Language Focus. Find the words from the article

24、to match the following explanations. The first letter has been given to you. by accident, unexpectedly, unintentionally (para.3)quickly and strongly (para.3)to cover a a large area or period of time(para.3)to criticize, to disapprove of(para.5)main, principle, chief(para.6)accidentallysharplyspreadc

25、ondemnmajor.6) to influence, to act on, to change(para.7)7) to make smaller or cheaper (para.8)8) to allow, to make it possible(para.8)9) to move, carry, take(para.8)10) useful, powerful, strong(para.9)affectreducepermittransporteffective.2. Complete the following sentences with the proper forms of

26、the words you have got in Task 1.1) His efforts to improve the school have been very _.2) I will come in June if my health _.3) The rain will _ our plans for a picnic.4) At that time women were _ for wearing short skirts.condemnedeffectiveaffectpermits.5) After the storm the temperature dropped _.6)

27、 Columbus discovered America _.7) The kids _ their toys all over the room.8) Health care is one of the _ problems of our time.9) We have _ the price of the coat from $100 to $65.10) It took all day to _ the furniture to the new apartment.accidentallyspreadmajorreducedtransportsharply.3. Choose the r

28、ight word form from each group to complete each of the sentences. Change the form if necessary.1) harm harmful harmlessA. The dog seems fierce, but it is _.B. Youre _ your eyes while reading in such dim light.C. Follow the directions carefully, or this medicine may be _.harmlessharmingharmful.2) ship (n.) ship (v.) shipment He joined the army and was _ off to a training camp.B. A _ is a large b