CET6翻譯：社會發(fā)展課件

1、CET 6 段落翻譯社會發(fā)展Passage 1 CET6真題2014年12月（第2套） 中國將努力確保到2015年就業(yè)者接受過平均13.3年的教育。如果這一目標(biāo)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，今后大部分進(jìn)入勞動力市場的人都需獲得大學(xué)文憑。 在未來幾年，中國將著力增加職業(yè)學(xué)院的招生人數(shù)；除了關(guān)注高等教育外，還將尋找新的突破以確保教育制度更加公平。中國正在努力最佳地利用教育資源，這樣農(nóng)村和欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)將獲得更多的支持。 教育部還決定改善欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)，并為外來務(wù)工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等機(jī)會。Useful Expressions 1. 努力：2. 確保：3. 接受教育：4. 獲得大學(xué)文憑：5. 勞動力市場

2、：6. 實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)：1. endeavor to; strive to; attempt to; make great effort to2. ensure; guarantee; make sure3 . receive education4. obtain/ attain/get a college/ university degree5. labor market 6. achieve/ realize the goalUseful Expressions 7. 著力：8. 職業(yè)學(xué)院：9. 招生人數(shù)：10. 突破：11. 教育資源： 12.欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)：13.外來務(wù)工人員：7. strive

3、 to; endeavor to; focus on8. vocational college; professional school9. school enrollment; enrollment10. breakthrough 11. education / educational resource12. underdeveloped area/ region; less developed area13. migrant worker 第1段第1句的主干為“中國將努力確?！?， 后面可加that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，從句主干為“就業(yè)者接受過教育”。由于該句有時(shí)間狀語by 2015，因此最好用將

4、來完成時(shí)態(tài)will have done。 1 中國將努力確保到2015年就業(yè)者接受過平均13.3年的教育。China will endeavor to ensure that employees will have received an average of 13.3 years of education by 2015.notes 2 如果這一目標(biāo)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，今后大部分進(jìn)入勞動力市場的人都需獲得大學(xué)文憑?！叭绻@一目標(biāo)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)”為條件狀語，用 if引導(dǎo)，“目標(biāo)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)”可用被動語態(tài)；“大部分進(jìn)入勞動力市場的人”修飾語較長，可用兩種方法處理，一是使用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，二是使用 who引導(dǎo)的定

5、語從句。If this goal can be achieved, the majority of people entering the labor market will be required to have obtained a college degree in the future.notes3在未來幾年，中國將著力增加職業(yè)學(xué)院的招生人數(shù)；除了關(guān)注高等教育外，還將尋找新的突破以確保教育制度更加公平。后半句沒有特別明顯的主語，可使用增譯法添加主語，根據(jù)上文可判斷，此處的主語還是“中國”?！俺送狻笨捎胕n addition to，apart from 或者 besides引導(dǎo)；“確保

6、教育制度更加公平”中“確保”的對象是一種公平的教育制度，因此“教育制度更加公平”可以處理成名詞短語，即 a more equal educational system.In the next few years, China will strive to increase vocational college enrollment. In addition to attaching importance to higher education, China will also seek new breakthroughs to guarantee a more equal educationa

7、l system.notes4 中國正在努力最佳地利用教育資源，這樣農(nóng)村和欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)將獲得更多的支持。China is attempting to make the best use of educational resources so that rural and underdeveloped areas will get more support. 后半句是前半句“努力”的一個(gè)目的，所以后半句用so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。notes 5 教育部還決定改善欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)，并為外來務(wù)工人員的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等機(jī)會。The Ministry of Education ha

8、s also decided to improve the nutrition of students in underdeveloped areas, and to offer equal education opportunities for children of migrant workers in cities.“改善學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)”和“提供教育的同等機(jī)會”同為“教育部還決定”的對象，因此用不定式的并列結(jié)構(gòu)并由and來連接。此句較長，修飾成分較多，所以首先要理清句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu)，再合理添加修飾語。notes參考譯文：China will endeavor to ensure that em

9、ployees will have received an average of 13.3 years of education by 2015. If this goal can be achieved, the majority of people entering the labor market will be required to have obtained a college degree in the future.In the next few years, China will strive to increase vocational college enrollment

10、. In addition to attaching importance to higher education, China will also seek new breakthroughs to guarantee a more equal educational system. China is attempting to make the best use of educational resources so that rural and underdeveloped areas will get more support.The Ministry of Education has

11、 also decided to improve the nutrition of students in underdeveloped areas, and to offer equal education opportunities for children of migrant workers in cities.Passage 2 CET6真題2014年6月（第1套） 中文熱詞通常反映社會變化和文化，有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大媽(dama)都是老詞，但已獲取了新的意義。 土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人。也就是說，

12、土豪有錢，但沒有品位。大媽是對中年婦女的稱呼，但現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)下跌時(shí)大量購買黃金的中國婦女。 土豪和大媽可能會被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英語詞典。至今已有120個(gè)中文詞被加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典，成了英語語言的一部分。Useful Expressions 1. 熱詞：2. 社會變化:3. 愈來愈流行:4. 欺壓:5. 佃戶:6. 仆人:7. 地主:1. hot word2. social change3. enjoy growing popularity；be increasingly popular; become more and more popular4. bully and opp

13、ress5. tenant6. servant 7. landlord Useful Expressions 8. 花錢如流水: 9. 炫耀財(cái)富:10. 稱呼: 11. 下跌: 12. 大量購買:13. 至今:14. 被收入:8. spend money like water; lavish; overspend 9. show off/ flaunt wealth10. a form of address; call 11. decrease; go down; fall12. purchase/ buy in bulk13. up to now; until now; to date14.

14、 be included in; be added to 1中文熱詞通常反映社會變化和文化，有些在外國媒體上愈來愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大媽(dama)都是老詞，但已獲取了新的意義。 “反映”可用動詞形式reflect,也可將其處理成名詞，譯為a reflection of；“有些”可處理成which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，即some of which.，使前后分句間關(guān)系更緊密。notesChinese hot words are often a reflection of social changes and culture, some of which enjoy growing

15、 popularity among foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for instance, are both old words, but they have been given new meanings.2 土豪以前指欺壓佃戶和仆人的鄉(xiāng)村地主，現(xiàn)在用于指花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人。Tuhao used to mean rural landlords who bullied and oppressed their tenants and servants, but now it refers to people who spend money like w

16、ater or those who show off their wealth around. 中文中修飾人物的前置定語在英文翻譯中一般都處理為who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，后半句中“花錢如流水或喜歡炫耀財(cái)富的人”可以用“those who”的句式翻譯。notes3 也就是說，土豪有錢，但沒有品位。In other words, tuhao are wealthy but tasteless.“有錢”和“沒有品位”翻譯時(shí)可處理成形容詞，即wealthy but tasteless。此句也可翻譯成That is to say, tuhao owns money rather than taste.not

17、es4 大媽是對中年婦女的稱呼，但現(xiàn)在特指不久前金價(jià)下跌時(shí)大量購買黃金的中國婦女。 Dama, a form of address for middle-aged women, is now used as a special word to describe Chinese women who purchased gold in bulk when the gold price decreased not long ago.“對中年婦女的稱呼”是對“大媽”的進(jìn)一步解釋，兩者同為句子主語，可處理為“a form of address for middle-aged women”作“Dama”的

18、同位語進(jìn)行修飾。notes5 土豪和大媽可能會被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英語詞典。 至今已有120個(gè)中文詞被加進(jìn)了牛津英語詞典，成了英語語言的一部分。The words, tuhao and dama, may be included in the new edition of Oxford English dictionary.Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to the dictionary, becoming a part of English language.“至今已有成了英語語言的一部分”的前半句譯成被動句，

19、以Chinese words作主語，后半句隱含的主語與前面一致，“成了英語語言的一部分”可處理成現(xiàn)在分詞短語表伴隨狀態(tài)，即becoming a part of English language。notes參考譯文Chinese hot words are often a reflection of social changes and culture, some of which enjoy growing popularity among foreign media. Tuhao and dama, for instance, are both old words, but they hav

20、e been given new meanings.Tuhao used to mean rural landlords who bullied and oppressed their tenants and servants, but now it refers to people who spend money like water or those who show off their wealth around. In other words, tuhao are wealthy but tasteless. Dama, a form of address for middle-age

21、d women, is now used as a special word to describe Chinese women who purchased gold in bulk when the gold price decreased not long ago.The words, tuhao and dama, may be included in the new edition of Oxford English dictionary. Up to now, about 120 Chinese words have been added to the dictionary, bec

22、oming a part of English language.Exercise 1希望工程（Project Hope）是于1989年發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)公益事業(yè)，以救助貧困地區(qū)失學(xué)少年兒童（young dropouts）為目的。幫助建設(shè)希望小學(xué)與資助貧困學(xué)生是希望工程的兩大主要任務(wù)。中國仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，貧困地區(qū)缺乏教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的問題依舊嚴(yán)峻。超過3000萬6-14歲的少年兒童因貧困而不能上學(xué)或者被迫輟學(xué)。希望工程的實(shí)施，改變了一大批失學(xué)兒童的命運(yùn)，改善了貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校設(shè)施，極大地促進(jìn)了基礎(chǔ)教育的發(fā)展，弘揚(yáng)了助人為樂的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。Useful Expressions 希望工程 公益事業(yè) 貧困地區(qū)失學(xué)少

23、年兒童 希望小學(xué)資助 主要任務(wù) 發(fā)展中國家教育經(jīng)費(fèi)嚴(yán)峻的問題被迫輟學(xué)實(shí)施學(xué)校設(shè)施 助人為樂優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)Hope Project; Project Hopepublic service; charity; public welfare undertakings; the public good projectpoverty-stricken areasyoung dropoutsannual averagefundmajor taska developing countryeducation fund a severe problem be forced to drop out implement

24、school facilitiestake pleasure in helping othersfine tradition 1希望工程（Project Hope）是于1989年發(fā)起的一項(xiàng)公益事業(yè)，以救助貧困地區(qū)失學(xué)少年兒童（young dropouts）為目的。Project Hope is a public good project launched in 1989, the goal of which is to help young dropouts in poverty-stricken areas.notes“于1989年發(fā)起的”可采用過去分詞形式（launched in 1989

25、）作后置定語；“以為目的”可譯為非限制性定語從句，對核心詞Project Hope進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，即為the goal of which.。2幫助建設(shè)希望小學(xué)與資助貧困學(xué)生是希望工程的兩大主要任務(wù)。The two major tasks of Project Hope are to help build Hope Primary Schools and fund poor students.notes“幫助建設(shè)希望小學(xué)主要任務(wù)”可將“主要任務(wù)”作句子主語，避免英語句子頭重腳輕。3中國仍然是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國家，貧困地區(qū)缺乏教育經(jīng)費(fèi)的問題依舊嚴(yán)峻。China is still a developing

26、country, thus shortage of education fund in poverty-stricken areas is still a severe problem.notes“中國仍然是一個(gè)依然嚴(yán)峻”前后分兩句暗含因果關(guān)系，翻譯時(shí)加上表結(jié)果的連詞thus，使句子更加連貫。4超過3000萬6-14歲的少年兒童因貧困而不能上學(xué)或者被迫輟學(xué)。Because of poverty, more than 30 million children between the ages of 6-14 are unable to attend school or are forced to

27、drop out. “超過3000萬被迫輟學(xué)”中的“因貧困（because of poverty）”可置于句首，避免英語句子頭重腳輕；“上學(xué)”可譯為attend school。notes5希望工程的實(shí)施，改變了一大批失學(xué)兒童的命運(yùn)，改善了貧困地區(qū)的學(xué)校設(shè)施，極大地促進(jìn)了基礎(chǔ)教育的發(fā)展，弘揚(yáng)了助人為樂的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。The implement of Project Hope changes the fate of a large number of dropouts and improves the school facilities in poverty-stricken areas. The d

28、evelopment of basic education is thus greatly enhanced and the fine tradition of taking pleasure in helping others is also promoted.最后一句的主語“希望工程的實(shí)施”后跟了4個(gè)并列謂語，如果對應(yīng)譯為4個(gè)并列的謂語會顯得突兀，不太連貫?？蓪⒑?個(gè)謂語譯為被動語態(tài)，獨(dú)立成句，以增加句型的多樣性；“助人為樂”可譯為taking pleasure in helping others。notes【參考譯文】Project Hope is a public good proje

29、ct launched in 1989, the goal of which is to help young dropouts in poverty-stricken areas. The two major tasks of Project Hope are to help build Hope Primary Schools and fund poor students. China is still a developing country, thus shortage of education fund in poverty-stricken areas is still a sev

30、ere problem. Because of poverty, more than 30 million children between the ages of 6-14 are unable to attend school or are forced to drop out. The implement of Project Hope changes the fate of a large number of dropouts and improves the school facilities in poverty-stricken areas. The development of

31、 basic education is thus greatly enhanced and the fine tradition of taking pleasure in helping others is also promoted.Exercise 2 傳統(tǒng)中國家庭中，成年子女與年長父母居住在同一個(gè)屋檐下。自1974年中國實(shí)行獨(dú)生子女政策（one-child policy）以來，中國家庭經(jīng)歷了許多變化。其中一個(gè)變化是核心家庭（nuclear family）成為主導(dǎo)。當(dāng)獨(dú)生子女因?yàn)樽x大學(xué)或結(jié)婚而離開家里時(shí)，父母才四五十歲。他們比其他國家育有多個(gè)子女的父母更早經(jīng)歷空巢綜合癥（empty-ne

32、st syndrome）。他們忽然感到孤獨(dú)、沮喪、無用、消沉。所有這些社會、心理和生理上的變化同時(shí)發(fā)生，使得父母的生活質(zhì)量下降。生活對于他們來說變得更加有挑戰(zhàn)性，更加艱難。Useful Expressions 年長父母 獨(dú)生子女政策核心家庭 主導(dǎo) 心理變化同時(shí)發(fā)生 生活質(zhì)量 有挑戰(zhàn)性的 艱難的elderly parents one- child policynuclear familydominancepsychological changehappen simultaneouslyliving qualitychallenging tough1 傳統(tǒng)中國家庭中，成年子女與年長父母居住在同一個(gè)

33、屋檐下。自1974年中國實(shí)行獨(dú)生子女政策（one-child policy）以來，中國家庭經(jīng)歷了許多變化。Traditionally in Chinese families, adult children live with their elderly parents under the same roof. Since China implemented the one-child policy in 1974, Chinese families have experienced many changes.“自1974年中國實(shí)行了以來，中國家庭經(jīng)歷了”中的標(biāo)志性詞語“自以來”提示主句要使用完

34、成時(shí)態(tài)。獨(dú)生子女政策對中國家庭的影響一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。notes2 其中一個(gè)變化是核心家庭（nuclear family）成為主導(dǎo)。One of them is the dominance of the nuclear family in China.“其中一個(gè)變化”是承接上一句中的“許多變化”，因此使用代詞指代前句的changes, 譯為one of them，并把后面的句子處理成名詞結(jié)構(gòu)。notes3 當(dāng)獨(dú)生子女因?yàn)樽x大學(xué)或結(jié)婚而離開家里時(shí)，父母才四五十歲。他們比其他國家育有多個(gè)子女的父母更早經(jīng)歷空巢綜合癥（empty-nest syndrome）。When the

35、only child leaves home for university or marriage, the parents are in their forties or fifties. Parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome earlier than those with more children in some other countries.第二句是從經(jīng)歷空巢綜合癥的時(shí)間早晚角度將中國父母和其他國家父母進(jìn)行比較，比較句式處理為“Parents suffer fromearlier than those”?！八麄儽绕渌麌摇敝械摹坝卸鄠€(gè)子女的

36、”可用with more children來表示。notes4 他們忽然感到孤獨(dú)、沮喪、無用、消沉。所有這些社會、心理和生理上的變化同時(shí)發(fā)生，使得父母的生活質(zhì)量下降。They suddenly feel lonely, sad, useless and depressive. All these social, psychological and biological changes happen simultaneously, which worsens parents living quality.“使得父母的生活質(zhì)量下降”可處理為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，which用于指代“所有

37、同時(shí)發(fā)生”。notes5 生活對于他們來說變得更加有挑戰(zhàn)性，更加艱難。 Life becomes more challenging and tough for them.具有挑戰(zhàn)性的和艱難的可譯為 challenging and toughnotes【參考譯文】Traditionally in Chinese families, adult children live with their elderly parents under the same roof. Since China implemented the one-child policy in 1974, Chinese fami

38、lies have experienced many changes. One of them is the dominance of the nuclear family in China. When the only child leaves home for university or marriage, the parents are in their forties or fifties. Parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome earlier than those with more children in some other countr

39、ies. They suddenly feel lonely, sad, useless and depressive. All these social, psychological and biological changes happen simultaneously, which worsens parents living quality. Life becomes more challenging and tough for them.Exercise 3 食品安全問題是關(guān)系到千千萬萬人民群眾切身利益的社會問題。可是在中國，重大食品安全事件頻繁發(fā)生，食品安全問題日益嚴(yán)重。某些沒有誠

40、信的商人為了追求利潤最大化，不惜往人們每天食用的食品當(dāng)中添加種類繁多的非法化學(xué)添加劑（additive）, 極大損害了人們的身體健康。食品安全不是一個(gè)人的責(zé)任，而是國家、社會、企業(yè)以及每個(gè)人的共同職責(zé)。只有全社會共同努力，食品安全問題才能從根本上得到解決。Useful Expressions 食品安全 切身利益 不誠信的商人 追求利潤最大化 化學(xué)添加劑 共同職責(zé) 共同努力 從根本上得到解決 food safetyvital interestsdishonest businessmen in the pursuit of maximum profit chemical additivesshar

41、ed responsibilitya joint effort be solved fundamentally 1 食品安全問題是關(guān)系到千千萬萬人民群眾切身利益的社會問題。Food safety is a social problem concerning the vital interests of millions of people.第1句較長，先確定主干“食品安全問題是社會問題（Food safety is a social problem）”?！瓣P(guān)系到切身利益的”可用介詞短語concerning the vital interests of.來表達(dá)，修飾a social proble

42、m，也可使用定語從句。notes2 可是在中國，重大食品安全事件頻繁發(fā)生，食品安全問題日益嚴(yán)重。But major food safety incidents in China occur frequently, making the problem increasingly serious.第2句前后分句的關(guān)系可理解為“食品安全事件的頻繁發(fā)生”造成了“問題日益嚴(yán)峻”，翻譯時(shí)前半句作為主句，用主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（food safety incidents occur）陳述現(xiàn)象，后半句用現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)making.increasingly serious作狀語，說明導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果。notes3 某些沒有誠信的商人為了追求利潤最大化，不惜往人們每