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1、狀語從句(副詞性從句)目錄狀語從句定義狀語從句分類狀語從句翻譯狀語從句比較其他從句概況狀語從句的定義狀語從句由從屬連詞(subordinating conjunctions)引導。注意狀語從句與主句之間的邏輯關(guān)系,選擇正確的連詞;有些連詞能引導多種狀語從句。狀語從句同副詞,介詞詞組等作狀語一樣,用于修飾謂語,說明謂語動作的時間,地點,方式,手段,條件,程度,比較,原因,目的,結(jié)果等 觀看動畫,你們會有更感性的認識 返回狀語從句分類表示時間 表示地點 表示原因 表示結(jié)果 表示目的表示條件表示讓步表示比較返回狀語從句表示時間 一、時間狀語從句引導時間狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有:after, as,
2、before, once, since, till, until, when, whenever, while, as soon as;另外有些詞如:immediately, directly, instantly用于as soon as 意義時,有些名詞詞組如 the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, the year, every time, next time, each time 等也用來引導時間狀語從句E.G. The mother didnt go to bed until her little daughter returned
3、home last night. 昨晚母親等到她的小女兒回家才睡覺。 例題Ill explain it to you immediately Ive finished reading the letter. 我讀完信立刻給你解釋。You see the lightning _it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A) the instantB) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant 閃電一發(fā)生,你立刻就能看到它,但雷聲,你遲一點才能聽到它。( A對。)No sooner . than
4、和 hardly/scarcely/barely . when 也用來引導狀語從句,意思是“一就”;如果將no sooner, hardly, scarcely, barely放在句首,就用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例:I had hardly entered the temple when it began to rained. 我剛踏進那座廟就開始下雨了。 _when she started complaining.A)Not until he arrivedB)No sooner had he arrivedC)Hardly had he arrivedD)Scarcely did he arrived
5、(C對。)他一到,她就開始抱怨。No sooner had we reached the top of the hill_we all sat down to rest.A) whenB) thenC) thanD) until我們一到山頂,大家都坐下來休息。( C對。) 返回表示地點二、地點狀語從句引導地點狀語從句的主要有:where, wherever及- where構(gòu)成的復合詞。 EGWe received a warm welcome everywhere we arrived.我們每一個地方都受到熱烈的歡迎。例題Although he knew little about the la
6、rge amount of work done in the field, he succeeded_other more well-in formed experimenters failed.A) whichB) thatC) whatD) where 雖然在此領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的許多工作他知道的很少,但是,在比他知道得更多的實驗者失敗的地方,他卻成功了。(D對。) 返回表示原因 三、原因狀語從句最常用的連詞是:because, since, as, now (that), seeing that ,consider that 等;注意 in that是復合連詞,意思是because或“在方面”; s
7、ince也用來引導原因狀語從句。2.表示原因,相當于since, considering that,例:Its very difficult for older people to give proper guidance when they have no experience of being young today. 老年人因為沒有今天的年青人的經(jīng)歷,要他們作出正確的指導是很困難的。I am not to tell him about the truth when he wont listen.既然他不愿意聽,我就不把事情的真相告訴他了。 例題_ we have finished the
8、 course, we shall start doing more revision work.A) For now B) Now thatC)Ever sinceD) By now既然我們已經(jīng)學完了這門課,我們就可開始花更多的時間去復習了。(B對。)Seeing that it is raining hard tonight, well have to stay here . 今晚下這么大的雨,我們只好在這里過夜了。Liquids are like solids_they have a definite volume.A) in thatB) for that C) with that D
9、) at that液體就象固體一樣,因為它有一定的體積。(A對。) 返回表示結(jié)果九、結(jié)果狀語從句可以由 so that, so.that, such.that 引導,這類從句也可以理解為表示程度的狀語從句: E.G. He was so angry that he left the room without a word. 他很生氣,一句話不說就離開了房間。 例題She told me_story that we all forgot about the time.A) such an interestingB) such interesting aC) so an interesting D
10、) a so interesting(A對。)她給我們講了一個有趣的故事,我們把時間都忘了。 回返表示目的四、目的狀語從句 主要的引導詞有:so that, in order that, so,less, in case 等。目的狀語從句常常含有情態(tài)動詞。例: They are hurrying so that / in order that they may not miss the train. 他們?yōu)榱粟s上火車而匆匆忙忙。 He wrote down my name for fear that / less he should forget it. 他記下了我的名字,以免忘記。返回表示條
11、件五、條件狀語從句1.最常用的引導詞有: if, if only(if 的強調(diào)式),unless, as long as, so long as, in case, providing, provide (that), supposing, in the event that, on condition (that)等: 2.provided (that)是書面語,有時與if 同義,有時有區(qū)別。provided (that)常常表示說話人所希望的條件,而 if 不一定有此含義:E.G.We shall cancel the contract if you fail to open the L/
12、C before the end of this month.如果你方在本月有不能開出信用證,我們就撤銷合同。(if不能換成provided,fail to open the L/C.不是we 希望出現(xiàn)的情況。) 例題Ill accept any job_I dont have to get up early.A) lestB) as long asC) in caseD) though只要不讓我早起,什么工作我都可以接受。(B對。)Government cannot operate effectively_it is free from such interference.A) so lon
13、g as B) so that C) unless D) because政府無法有效地運作,除非它不受這種干擾。( C對。)Im sure he is up to the job_he would give his mind to it.A) if only B) in case C) untilD) unless只要他用心,我相信他能勝任這工作。( A對。) 返回表示讓步六、讓步狀語從句主要的引導詞有:though, although, even if, even though, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, 與及“whe
14、ver”詞和“no matter wh-”。例:Nowadays we know that everything he wrote was true even though some of it was second-hand information. 現(xiàn)在我們知道了:他所寫的一切都是真的,盡管其中有些是間接得來的信息。However troublesome the problem is , he always faces it with pa-tience. 不管問題多么棘手,他總是耐心面對它們。When anyone does something for you, no matter ho
15、w small and no matter whether he is a superior or servant , it is proper to say “ thank you”. 當有人為你辦了事,不管這事多么微不足道,也不管他是你的上級還是服務(wù)員,你說一聲“ 謝謝 ” 總是得體的。 返回 表示比較八、比較狀語從句主要由than, as.as引導,這類從句常常有一些成分沒有表示出來: E.G. On the top of a mountain our lung would not take in as much oxygen at each breath as they would a
16、t the bottom. 在山頂,我們的肺每次呼吸吸入的氧氣沒有在山腳時吸入那么多。例題They usually have less money at the end of the month than _at the beginning. A) which is B) which was C) they have D) it is通常到了月底,他們的錢就比月初少了。(C對。)She is_a musician than her brother.A) much of B) much asC) more of D) more as她比她兄弟更懂音樂。(C對。) 返回狀語從句翻譯if 從句的理解
17、和翻譯 before從句的理解和翻譯 as 從句的理解和翻譯 返回if 從句的理解和翻譯一、if從句不一定表示條件,它可以用來表示although或even if相似的意思;當然,它所表示的“讓步”,沒有though或even if 的語氣那么重。例:If she is poor, at least she is honest. 她雖說窮,卻至少誠實。You must come in, if only its only for a minute.你必須進來,哪怕是一會兒。He is a very good man, if rather dull.他雖然遲鈍,卻是個大好人。His style,
18、if manned, is pleasant to read.他的文章風格,雖然有點矯揉造作,讀起來還是令人感到愉快的。The profits, if a little lower than last years, are still extremely healthy. 利潤雖然比去年低點,卻仍然是豐厚的。Ill finish this report if it kills me. 我即使死了,也要完成這個報告。IF從句理解與翻譯二、if 從句中的主語和動詞都可以省略:Hes a pleasant, if awkward lad. 他是一個雖然笨拙然而卻惹人喜歡的小伙子。(.even if
19、he is awkward ) IF從句理解與翻譯主句里出現(xiàn)as.as很常見,這時if從句里用否定:John plays football_,if not better than, David.A) as well B) as well as C) so wellD) so well as(B是答案。) 論踢足球,雖然約翰并不比大衛(wèi)踢得更好,但至少他們踢得一樣好。His health is as poor as, if not poorer than, his sister. 他的身體雖然說不比他的姐姐更差,但至少也是跟她一樣差。 返回before從句的理解和翻譯 1. 在之前 (earlie
20、r than the time when), 常常譯作“在之前”,例:You are expectedto be sitting on your seat before the play begins. 請在話劇開演之前在自己的座位上坐好。 before從句的理解和翻譯但在 A before B 的句式中,A表示時間,B表示行動,如果硬譯為“A發(fā)生在 B 之前”便很不合漢語習慣,譯成“ A之后才發(fā)生 B ”就比較得體。例如:A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time_the guards discovered wha
21、t had happened.A) before B) untilC) sinceD) when(A對。) 昨晚上監(jiān)獄里逃走了一個人,很久以后警衛(wèi)才發(fā)現(xiàn)出了事。Scientists say it may be five or ten years_it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A) sinceB) before C) afterD) when(B對。) 科學家們說5到10年之后才有可能將這種藥在病人身上做試驗。Ten years passed before we met each other again. 十年后我們
22、才重逢。 before從句的理解和翻譯有時候before從句表示的事情實際上并沒有發(fā)生,譯成“以免”、“沒有來得及 就”便十分妥貼:They decided to chase the cow away_ it did more damage.A) unless B) untilC) before D) although(C對。) 他們決定趕走這頭牛,以免它造成更大的損失。Before we could stop her, she rushed out . 我們還來不及攔住她,她已經(jīng)沖了出去。Before I could say a single word, my father began to
23、 criticize me . 我還來不及說一句話,父親就開始批評我了。 before從句的理解和翻譯主句有barely, hardly等否定詞時,譯成“剛就”We had barely sat down before he got to his feet.我們剛坐下她就站了起來。They had scarcely left for the station before it began to rain. 他們剛離家去車站雨就下起來了。before從句的理解和翻譯在A before B中,如果句子在于強調(diào)“先有A, 然后有B”,則可譯成“先然后”、“先再”:One must sow befor
24、e one can reap. 先有播種然后有收獲。Look before you leap.先觀察而后行動。(三思而后行。)Managers want to have all the necessary facts before they can make the best decision and it is normal for them to seek for more and more information . 經(jīng)理們首先要掌握所有必須知道的事實,然后才能作出最佳決定;這樣,他們尋求更多的信息就是很自然的了。 before從句的理解和翻譯更愿意(more willingly tha
25、n), 寧愿而不愿(rather than)The soldiers would die before they gave in. 戰(zhàn)士們寧死也不屈服。Father told the children that he would die of hunger before he would steal. 父親告訴孩子們他就是餓死也不會去偷。 返回 as 從句的理解和翻譯 as可以引導一個時間狀語從句。主句和從句表示的兩個動作同時發(fā)生,意為“一邊一邊”、“隨著”。主句和從句都用一般時態(tài);或主句用一般時態(tài),從句用進行時態(tài);或主句用進行時態(tài),從句用一般時態(tài)。例如: As I drove, I coun
26、ted my passengers.我一邊開車,一邊數(shù)我的旅客。As time went on, Einstains theory proved to be correct. 隨著時間的推移,愛因斯坦的理論被證明是正確的。_the day went on, the weather got worse.A) WithB) SinceC) WhileD) As(D對。) 日子一天天過去,天氣更壞了。Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 他正在講話,突然一聲爆炸聲響了。He saw that she was smiling as sh
27、e read. 他看見她一邊讀書一邊笑 as 從句的理解和翻譯 引導一個原因狀語從句, 意為“因為”、“既然”:We had better hurry_it is getting dark. A) and B) but C) as D) unless(C對。)天色越來越暗了,我們還是趕快吧。As the dust men are not going back to work yet ,bags of rubbish have been piled in the street. 因為清潔工人不打算回去工作,垃圾已經(jīng)一袋袋地堆在街上了。As you make your bed, so you mu
28、st lie on it. (proverb) 自作自受。As there were not enough life-boats for every body, 1500 lives lost. 由于沒有足夠的救生艇運載所有的乘客,死難者多達一千五百人。as 從句的理解和翻譯.引導方式狀語從句,表示“像一樣”。有時候,從句中的某些部分省略了:Fats are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, as sugars are . 脂肪像糖一樣,也是由碳、氫、氧原子構(gòu)成的。The number of deer, mountain lions a
29、nd wild roses does not change much if people leave things as they are . 如果人們聽其自然,鹿、美洲獅和野玫瑰的數(shù)量不會有太大的變化。The event is no longer celebrated in England as it was in Shake-speares time. 現(xiàn)在英國已經(jīng)不象莎士比亞時期那樣慶祝這一事件了。If Id lived in the sixteenth century , I couldnt have earned my own living , as I do today. 如果我生
30、活在十六世紀,我就不可能象今天那樣謀生。He moved gracefully and with dignity, filling the room not by his physical dominance, (as did Mao or De Gaulle), but by his air of controlled tension.他舉止嫻雅莊重,他使舉座注目的不是魁梧的身軀(毛澤東和戴高樂卻是那樣), 而是他那外馳內(nèi)張的神情。 as 從句的理解和翻譯4.引導讓步狀語從句。注意as 引導的狀語從句要用倒裝語序,有時可置于句子中間或后部。常見的句式有:A. 形容詞/名詞+as+主語+聯(lián)系動
31、詞 Unlikely as it sounds, what Im telling you is true. 不管這事聽起來多么不可能,我告訴你的話卻是真的。B. 主動詞+as+主語+情態(tài)動詞/助動詞Try as you may, you will not win the game. 你盡可一試,但這場比賽你是不會贏的。There was not a soul to be found in the house, search as they would.他們盡管搜查好了,他們不會在房子里找得到人的。 C. 狀語+as+主語+動詞Much as I admire him as a writer,
32、I do not like him as a man.作為一個作家,我欽佩他;但作為一個男子漢,我卻不喜歡他。He was unable to make much progress ,hard as he tried.雖然他盡了力,卻無法取得很大進步。 as 從句的理解和翻譯5.引導比較狀語從句。一般以as.as形式出現(xiàn),表示兩者的等同;從句中有些成份常常不出現(xiàn):Some of the states are as big as France and England put together . 有些州相當于法國和英國加起來那么大。有時還把一個人(或事物)的兩種特征,或一個人的一種特征與另一種特
33、征進行比較,表示它們的程度一樣;由于一種特征是明顯的,因而就突出了另一種特征。這是一種活潑的、表現(xiàn)力豐富的說法。例:We were as happy as we were poor, or as poor as w e were happy. 我們窮是窮,卻很快活;我們快活是快活,卻還是窮。 One is as light as the other is heavy. 一個輕而另一個重 返回 狀語從句比較.because, as, since, for so that, sothat, suchthat though, although, as, .whatever, however, whe
34、rever, whenever so that引導的目的狀語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別 返回because, as, since, for 語氣 位置意義 because 最強前或后 “原因”;表客觀因果關(guān)系;回答“” as較強 前 “由于”;把眾人所知的事實當作理由 since 較弱 前 “既然”;就對方陳述的事實作為理由 for 最弱 后 “理由”;對某一事實進行推斷的理由 注:上面所說的“前”,指從句在主句之前;“后”,指從句在主句之后。 返回so that, sothat, suchthat so that“以便”、“結(jié)果”表目的和結(jié)果。注意:在從句中有情態(tài)動詞表目的。無情態(tài)動詞表結(jié)果。
35、 sothat “如此的以致于”表結(jié)果。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見于: 1.so+形副that2.so+形a(an)單數(shù)名詞that3.somany/much復數(shù)名詞(不可數(shù)名詞)+that suchthat“如此的以致于”表結(jié)果。該結(jié)構(gòu)常見于: 1.sucha(an)形名詞that2.such形復數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞that 返回though, although, as, though, although在句首表“盡管”兩者都可以用。但句后不能再用but。 下列情況只能用though: as though (=as if);even if (=even though) 在句末表示“然而” as表示“盡管”,從句
36、的表語、狀語等成分要倒裝。 返回whatever, however, wherever, whenever 它們是what, how, where, when的強勢語氣。分別等于: no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter when 返回 so that引導的目的狀語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別 1目的是以觀念形態(tài)存在的潛在的可能性和意欲,不是事實。這一潛在的可能性或意欲的實現(xiàn),則是結(jié)果。目的是主觀意念,結(jié)果是客觀現(xiàn)實。因此,從句若反映一種意欲、一種可能性,則是目的從句;若是一種事實,就是結(jié)果從句。試比較:Im going to take an early bus so that Ill get there in time(purpose)我打算乘早班公共汽車,以便及時趕到那里。I took an early bus so that I got there in time(result)我乘了早班公共汽車,及時到了那里。 so that引導的目的狀語從句與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別2目的從句表示動機(即一種可能性),并非事實,只是想要達到某個結(jié)果的意愿,因而從句中多
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