股票市場基礎知識_Stock_Market_Basics課件

1、Stock Market Basics How a Company “Goes Public” - Mr. YatesSome Financial TermsEarnings per Share: The amount of profit to which each share is entitled.Going Public: Slang for when a company is planning an IPO. IPO: Short for Initial Public Offering. An IPO is when a company sells stock in itself fo

2、r the first time. Terms continuedMarket Cap: The amount of money you would have to pay if you bought ever share of stock in a company. (To calculate market cap, multiply the number of shares by the price per share.) Short for Market Capitalization. Share: A share represents an investors ownership in

3、 a share of the profits, losses, and assets of a company. It is created when a business carves itself into pieces and sells them to investors in exchange for cash. Ticker Symbol: A short group of letters that represents a particular stock (e.g., Coca Cola is referred to as KO.) Underwriter: The fina

4、ncial institution or investment bank that is doing all of the paperwork and orchestrating a companys IPO. Purpose of the Stock MarketAlmost every large corporation started out as a small, mom-and-pop operation and through growth, became financial giants. Wal-Mart, Dell Computer, and McDonalds had co

5、mbined profits of $10.34 billion this year. Wal-Mart was originally a single-store business in Arkansas. Stock MarketDell computer began with Michael Dell selling computers out of his college dorm room. McDonalds was once a small restaurant no one had heard of. How did they grow?How did these small

6、companies grow from tiny, hometown enterprises to three of the largest businesses in the American economy? They raised capital by selling stock in themselves.Example of a Company: New to PublicAfter getting married, a young couple decided to start a business. It would allow them to work for themselv

7、es, as well as arrange their hours around their family. Both husband and wife have always had a strong interest in furniture, so they decide to open a store in their hometown. After borrowing money from the bank, they name their company “NW Furniture” and go into business. The first few years, the c

8、ompany makes little profit because the earnings are plowed back into the store, buying additional inventory and adding onto the building to accommodate the increasing level of merchandise. NW FurnitureTen years later, the business has grown rapidly. The couple has managed to pay off the companys deb

9、t, and profits are over $500,000 per year. Convinced that NW Furniture could do as well in several larger, neighboring cities, the couple decides they want to open two new branches. They research their options and find out it is going to cost over $4 million dollars to expand. Not wanting to borrow

10、money and be strapped with interest payments again, they decide to sell stock in the company. NW Furnitures ValueThe company approaches an “underwriter”, such as Goldman Sachs or JP Morgan, who determines the value of the business. As mentioned before, NW Furniture earns $500,000 after-tax profit ea

11、ch year. It also has a book value of $3 million the value of the land, building, inventory, etc. subtracted by the companys debt The underwriter researches and discovers the average furniture stock is trading at 20 times earnings.NW Furnitures “Book Value”What does this mean? Simply, you would multi

12、ply the earnings of $500,000 by 20. In NW Furnitures case, the answer is $10 million. Add book value, and you arrive at $13 million. This means, in the underwriters opinion, NW Furniture, is worth $13 Million. So how much are they willing to give up?Our young couple, now in their 30s, must decide ho

13、w much of the company they are willing to sell. Right now, they own 100% of the business. Giving it upThe more they sell, the more cash theyll raise, but they will also be giving up a larger part of their ownership. As the company grows, that ownership will be worth more, so a wise entrepreneur woul

14、d not sell more than he or she had to.NW Furniture Goes Public!After discussing it, the couple decides to keep 60% of the company and sell the other 40% to the public as stock. This means that they will keep $7.8 million worth of the business. Because they own a majority of the stock, they will stil

15、l be in control of the store. The other 40% they sold to the public is worth $5.2 million. The underwriters find investors who are willing to buy the stock, and give a check for $5.2 million to the couple. So now they have cash to expand.Although they own less of the company, their stake will hopefu

16、lly grow faster now that they have the means to expand rapidly. Using the money from their public offering, NW Furniture successfully opens the two new stores and have $1.2 million in cash left over. remember it was going to cost $4 million for the new stores.ExpandingBusiness is even better in the

17、new branches, which are in more populated cities. The two new stores both make around $800,000 a year in profit each, with the old store still making the same $500,000. Between the three stores, NW Furniture now makes an annual profit of $2.1 million dollars. So what are they worth now?This is great

18、 news because, although they dont have the freedom to simply close shop anymore, the business is now valued at $51 million dollars multiply the new earnings of $2.1 million per year by 20 and add the book value of $9 million; there are three stores now, instead of one. The couples 60% stake is worth $30.6 million dollars. Ahh, thats how it works!With this example, its easy to see how small businesses s