電噴柴油機發(fā)動機工作原理和系統(tǒng)技術(shù)介紹

1、電噴柴油機發(fā)動機工作原理和系統(tǒng)技術(shù)介紹電噴柴油機發(fā)動機工作原理和系統(tǒng)技術(shù)介紹I,電噴柴油機發(fā)動機工作原理和系統(tǒng)技術(shù)介紹船用柴油機是怎樣工作的？柴油機是一種內(nèi)燃機，通過把燃油噴入高溫高壓的燃燒室而發(fā)火。船用柴油機是一種在船上使用的柴油機。其工作原理如下：一定量的新鮮空氣被吸入或泵入汽缸并被運動的活塞壓縮至很高的壓力?？諝獗粔嚎s時，溫度升高，便點燃噴入汽缸的油霧。燃油的燃燒增加了缸內(nèi)空氣的熱量，使空氣膨脹并迫使發(fā)動機活塞對曲軸做功，隨之驅(qū)動螺旋槳。兩次噴油期間的運轉(zhuǎn)過程叫一個工作循環(huán)。它由一些程序固定的過程組成。這個循環(huán)可在兩個行程或四個行程內(nèi)完成。四沖程柴油機的工作循環(huán)需四個獨立的活塞行程，即吸

2、氣，壓縮，膨脹和排氣。如果我們把吸氣和排氣行程與壓縮和膨脹行程結(jié)合起來，四沖程柴油機就變成了二沖程柴油機。二沖程循環(huán)從活塞離開其行程底部，即下止點（BDC）向上運行開始，氣缸側(cè)面的進氣口即掃氣口是打開的，排氣口也是打開的。經(jīng)壓縮的新鮮空氣充入氣缸，通過排氣口將上一行程的殘氣吹出。當活塞上行至其行程的1/5時，關(guān)閉進，排氣口，隨后空氣在活塞上行中被壓縮。當活塞上行到行程底部，即上止點（TDC）時空氣的壓力和溫度都上升到很高的數(shù)值。此時噴油器把很細的油霧噴入灼熱的空氣中，燃燒開始，在氣體中產(chǎn)生更高的壓力。隨著高壓氣體的膨脹，活塞被推動下行直到它打開排氣口，燃燒過的氣體開始排出，活塞繼續(xù)下行直到它打

3、開進氣口，另一個循環(huán)開始。I,在二沖程柴油機中，曲軸轉(zhuǎn)一周產(chǎn)生一個動力行程，即做功行程；而在四沖程柴油機中，曲軸轉(zhuǎn)兩周才產(chǎn)生一個動力行程。這就是為什么從理論上說二沖程柴油機能產(chǎn)生相同尺寸的四沖程柴油機的兩倍功率。然而，掃氣不充分和其他損失使這一優(yōu)勢降到大約1.8倍。在船上，每種柴油機都有他的應用。低速（即90T20r/min）主推進柴油機以二沖程工作。在此低速時，機槳間不需減速箱。四沖程柴油機（通常以中速運轉(zhuǎn)，轉(zhuǎn)速在250750r/min）用于發(fā)電機，并且有時作推進主機，用減速箱提供90T20r/min的速度。工作循環(huán)柴油機可設計成以二沖程循環(huán)或四沖程循環(huán)工作，二者解釋如下：四沖程循環(huán)典型的兩

4、轉(zhuǎn)四沖程循環(huán)的過程。通常從上止點（TDC,發(fā)火）開始繪制，從上止點（TDC,掃氣）開始解釋。上止點又叫內(nèi)止點。沿該順時針看，開始時進，排氣閥都是打開的（所有現(xiàn)代四沖程柴油機均有氣閥機構(gòu)）。如果柴油機是自然換氣或帶有徑流增壓氣的小型高速機，氣閥的重疊時間，即兩氣閥同時開啟的時間將很短。排氣閥將在上止點后（ATDC）10o左右關(guān)閉。推進柴油機和絕大多數(shù)1000r/min以下運轉(zhuǎn)的輔助發(fā)電柴油機幾乎都采用渦輪增壓，并設計成在這一時刻讓大量的掃氣空氣貫穿流動以控制適當?shù)娜~片溫度。在這種情況下，排氣閥將保持開啟直至上止點后5060o關(guān)閉。隨著活塞在其吸氣行程向外或下止點下行，它將吸入大量新鮮空氣。為使吸

5、入空氣量達到最大，并補償因閥落座造成的開啟量減少或吸氣慣性作I,用，進氣閥保持開啟，直到下止點后大約2530o（145155oBTDC）o這一過程稱之為進氣閥關(guān)閉。充入的空氣然后被上行的活塞壓縮至大約550oCo依柴油機的型號和轉(zhuǎn)速而定，大約在10o20oBTDC,噴油器噴入精細霧化的燃油。噴入的燃油在27o內(nèi)著火（也依機型而定），活塞在膨脹行程下行，在3050o的期間內(nèi)燃燒?；钊倪\動通常有利于誘導空氣助燃。在大約120150oATDC,排氣閥打開（EVO）。這樣選擇正時能迅速將缸內(nèi)氣體排至排氣管。這樣可以：（a）保留足夠的能量驅(qū)動廢氣渦輪增壓器；（b）減小缸內(nèi)壓力在下止點時達最小值以減小排

6、氣行程消耗的泵氣功。上行的活塞驅(qū)趕殘留的廢氣，在7080oBTDC,進氣閥打開，這樣向外流動的氣體慣性加上正的壓差（此時通常在汽缸中是存在的），就產(chǎn)生了空氣對廢氣的貫穿氣流以清掃汽缸。如果柴油機是自然換氣的，進氣閥開啟約在上止點前10o。工作循環(huán)重新開始。二沖程循環(huán)典型二沖程循環(huán)的過程，正如其名稱所指，工作循環(huán)是在曲軸轉(zhuǎn)一周內(nèi)完成的。二沖程柴油機總是有進氣口的，該氣口被下行的活塞打開時使空氣進入汽缸。廢氣可以經(jīng)與鄰近的排氣口由同一活塞控制排出（回流掃氣），或經(jīng)氣缸另一側(cè)的排氣口排出，或經(jīng)排氣閥排出（直流掃氣）。從上止點開始，燃燒已經(jīng)進行。排氣在上止點后110120o開始，進氣在隨后2030o,

7、即上止點后130150開始迅速吹I,掃氣缸。用這種方式，以音速流動的廢氣靠慣性促使空氣迅速流過氣缸，以產(chǎn)生最小的（新廢氣）摻混，因為所有未排出的廢氣都將降低用于下一行程的空氣量。在壓縮行程，排氣口應當在進氣口前關(guān)閉以使充氣量最大，但如果兩個過程是同一活塞控制的，發(fā)動機的幾何形狀回妨礙實現(xiàn)這一點。這種情況可在有排氣閥的柴油機中實現(xiàn)。在任何情況下，進氣口都將在下止點后，以和下止點前開啟時相同的角度關(guān)閉，即在下止點后13015Oo關(guān)閉，排氣口在同樣的角度范圍內(nèi)關(guān)閉。噴油在上止點前約1020o開始，角度依轉(zhuǎn)速而定。燃燒同四沖程機一樣持續(xù)3050o柴油機結(jié)構(gòu)（I）一、機座和機架機座在大多數(shù)情況下是焊接結(jié)

8、構(gòu)，用螺栓固定在構(gòu)成船舶雙層底的底座上。它在橫向借助于側(cè)楔墊螺栓，在縱向借助于端楔墊螺栓固定。曲軸安放在機座橫梁的軸承上，這些軸承稱作主軸承。每個軸承由兩塊軸瓦組成，兩塊軸瓦由在機座上加工出的瓦座支撐，用雙頭螺栓和軸承蓋固定。推力軸承位于發(fā)動機的尾部，可同機座制成一體也可同機座分開。在機座上平面裝有由若鋼鑄鐵或鍛鋼制成的A字形機架，機架安裝在機座的橫梁上，并用螺栓固定。A形機架頂部有一個結(jié)實的框架結(jié)構(gòu)叫掃氣箱。該掃氣箱分若干段，每段均帶有垂直法蘭，通過螺栓可將他們在鏈傳動裝置前13缸的部分連成一體，鏈傳動裝置后46缸的部分連成一體。鏈傳動裝置將曲軸和凸輪軸連在一起，封閉在鏈傳動箱的殼體內(nèi)。二、

9、氣缸和氣缸蓋在掃氣箱上部，每個氣缸裝有一個堅固的鑄鐵框架。這些框架稱作氣缸體或冷卻水套，并帶有垂直法蘭，與掃氣箱一樣,可用螺栓將各框架連成首尾兩組。基座、機架和氣缸用長貫穿螺栓連到一起，形成一個較大的堅實結(jié)構(gòu)，減少了使用時產(chǎn)生的變形及振動。氣缸套有鑄鐵制成，缸套表面有時鍍銘。氣缸套向下延伸到掃氣箱。缸套與掃氣箱頂部的密封由橡膠圈實現(xiàn)，橡膠圈安裝在缸套上切削的環(huán)槽內(nèi)。在氣缸套伸入掃氣箱內(nèi)的部位有一列稱為掃氣口的開口。氣口的高度是這樣布置的，當活塞位于下止點時，活塞上沿剛好打開氣口。氣口在缸套上以大約20o的傾角制成，其結(jié)果是使掃氣旋轉(zhuǎn)。各缸頂部由特殊耐熱鋼制成的缸蓋封閉。缸蓋裝在缸套頂部的平面上

10、，并由機加工的凸肩定位。密封圈嵌入在缸蓋錐形面時必須十分小心。氣缸蓋和氣缸套用旋入缸體中的雙頭螺栓固定。缸套上有鉆空用于潤滑，新型的缸套在其最上部還有鉆空用于冷卻。每個缸蓋上有一個大型中心孔，用于安裝排氣閥，還有兩到三個空用于裝噴油器，還有些孔用來安裝起動閥、安全閥、示功閥、以及作為排氣閥冷卻水腔的進出口。I維閱讀材料譯文A.SULZER船用柴油機SULZERRND-M型柴油機是單作用、低速、二沖程、可逆轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)動機。每個汽缸的運動機構(gòu)由活塞、活塞杠、連桿及所連接的單柄曲軸組成。機座制成縱向箱形梁的雙壁結(jié)構(gòu)。A形框架安裝在機座上，支撐機架和氣缸體，整個機座、A形框架和氣缸體組件用貫穿螺栓連在一起形

11、成一個剛性結(jié)構(gòu)。為了承受曲軸橫向彎曲負荷，主軸承蓋由撐桿螺栓固定。這種強化結(jié)構(gòu)對于承受經(jīng)缸頭傳到柴油機結(jié)構(gòu)上的燃燒負荷是必要的。曲軸是半組合式的，曲柄臂設計成部分平衡回轉(zhuǎn)質(zhì)量。氣缸蓋被制成單體件，并裝有在中央的噴油器，起動空氣閥、安全閥和示功閥。廢氣驅(qū)動定壓式的渦輪增壓器提供掃氣空氣。采用回流式掃氣并帶有一臺電動的自動運行的輔助鼓風機，以便低速和機動操作時使用。潤滑油供到低壓和中壓系統(tǒng)，低壓系統(tǒng)向主軸承和其它軸承供油，十字頭軸承由中壓系統(tǒng)供油，較鏈管把滑油送到十字頭軸承。汽缸、汽缸蓋以及活塞由水冷卻，伸縮套管把水送入活塞。燃油噴射采用獨立噴射系統(tǒng)，并且用Woodward型液壓調(diào)速器調(diào)速。RL型

12、柴油機以RND-M型為基礎(chǔ)，活塞行程加長，提供更大的輸出功率和更低的轉(zhuǎn)速。其新特征包括帶有推力軸承的I維單壁機座、活塞頭和其他主要燃燒室部件鉆空冷卻，及用水在接近熱表面的鉆空中循環(huán)。BSULZERRTA型柴油機SULZERRTA84C是一種典型的低速二沖程十字頭式長行程現(xiàn)代柴油機。其缸徑為840mm,行程為2400mm,轉(zhuǎn)速為100r/min,4到12缸間均產(chǎn)品，也可特別為大型快速集裝箱船生產(chǎn)。其設計及結(jié)構(gòu)和RTA2型系列相似，RTA2系列使汽缸尺寸降到380mm。機座是由鋼板和一些鑄件焊接構(gòu)成的單壁深墻箱形結(jié)構(gòu)，在焊接的堅實A形機架上裝有各冷卻缸套，它們由螺栓連成一體形成缸體。這些機件組成了

13、柴油機的強固整體框架。整個框架結(jié)構(gòu)由貫穿螺栓垂直預緊。缸套為鑄鐵合金。其上端是一堅實環(huán)臺，坐落在汽缸體上，它承受很大的氣體負載。缸套鉆空冷卻，可調(diào)節(jié)水流以維持合適的溫度。缸套下端在掃氣箱內(nèi)，不進行冷卻。在不同高度位置對氣缸進行潤滑以降低汽缸磨損率。缸蓋為堅實的鍛鋼件，采用鉆孔冷卻以減少熱應力，并傳遞噴油器套的熱量，使排氣閥座用缸蓋冷卻水集中冷卻。排氣閥用84娥銘鈦合金(Ninonic80)制成，并通過安裝在閥桿上的葉片轉(zhuǎn)動。他靠液壓開啟，靠空氣彈簧作用關(guān)閉，開啟的液體壓力來自凸輪驅(qū)動的操縱機構(gòu)?；钊麕в泻辖痄摰幕钊^，并有5道壓縮環(huán)，安裝在鍍銘的環(huán)槽內(nèi)，活塞有一短的鑄鐵活塞裙?；钊糜屠鋮s，既

14、采用震蕩冷卻的方法，也采用小型噴嘴注射的方法，將油通入緊貼活塞頭底面和在活塞環(huán)槽背面的孔中。冷卻油通過活塞桿中的I,鉆孔從十字頭的錢接桿供入和返回?；钊麠U與單體十字頭上表面相連，并連續(xù)貫穿整個下半部和上端軸承。上端軸承材料為白合金，靠壓力油潤滑。十字頭導向滑塊與十字頭各端相連。半總成式曲軸采用倒角內(nèi)縮的曲柄以增大主軸承面積，主軸承蓋由裝在機架內(nèi)的撐桿螺栓固定。凸輪軸由齒輪驅(qū)動，配有伺服器以便在倒車運行時給燃油泵和起動空氣分配器重新定時。高壓油泵為凸輪驅(qū)動閥式油泵，帶可變發(fā)火定時調(diào)節(jié)，以保持低速時高效燃燒。每個高壓油泵向?qū)ΨQ布置的裝在缸蓋上不進行冷卻的三個噴油器供油。在不噴油時熱的燃油在噴油器中

15、循環(huán)。這種柴油機采用直流掃氣，定壓增壓，帶有高效的非冷卻的透平增壓器，在低速運行時，用兩臺高速電動輔助風機作補充。柴油機結(jié)構(gòu)（II）一、活塞及活塞桿活塞由其下部一鑄鐵制成的活塞裙以及上部一耐熱鋼制成的活塞頭組成。它們用螺栓連在一起并固定在活塞桿上?；钊考嗷ラg的位置由活塞頭上車削的凹槽和定位銷來固定。每個活塞上裝有56道活塞環(huán)，活塞環(huán)裝在頭部鍍銘的環(huán)槽中。最上面的23道活塞環(huán)是帶斜切口的窄環(huán)；緊接下去的2道活塞環(huán)是帶有重疊搭口的寬環(huán)，最下面的那道環(huán)是刮油環(huán)。所有活塞環(huán)頂部和底部的外緣都稍有倒角，以便在新活塞環(huán)磨合期間缸套上留有油膜。I維為了控制熱應力，某些現(xiàn)代柴油機采用薄壁集中冷卻活塞。在這

16、種情況下，活塞頭內(nèi)部有一插件，它用來對冷卻液流導向，以增強傳統(tǒng)的“雞尾震蕩”效應。活塞桿從頂部法蘭到與十字頭中心相對位置處鏈孔。一根長管從此孔插入幾近孔底。管的外徑小于孔的直徑，因此在活塞桿和管子之間形成一個環(huán)形空間?；钊麠U的下端直徑減小，插入十字頭內(nèi)孔中，并用螺帽將十字頭與活塞桿緊固。活塞桿上裝有定位銷，以確保各部件的正確裝配。在十字頭兩端軸頸處，各裝有十字頭滑塊。十字頭滑塊由發(fā)動機機架內(nèi)的十字頭導板導向。十字頭滑塊在十字頭上的位置由定位銷確定，并用錐頭螺栓緊固在十字頭上。EFIdieselengineworksandsystemtechnologyMarinedieselenginesis

17、howdoesitwork?Thedieselengineisaninternalcombustionengine,fuelissprayedintothehightemperatureandpressureofthecombustionchamberignition.Themarinedieselengineisaboardusedindieselengines.Itsworkingprincipleisasfollows:acertainamountoffreshairtobesuckedorpumpedintothecylinderandpistoncompressiontohighpr

18、essure.Whentheairiscompressed,thetemperature,heignitedtheoilmistsprayedintothecylinder.TheincreaseintheheatoftheI,cylinderairforfuelcombustion,theairexpansionandforcingtheenginepistonactingonthecrankshaft,withtheattendantdrivesapropeller.Twicethefuelinjectionduringtheoperationprocessiscalledacycleof

19、work.Itconsistsofsomeoftheproceduresprocess.Thiscyclecanbecompletedwithinatwostrokeorfourstroke.Thefour-strokedieselenginedutycyclerequiredfourseparatepistonstroke,thatis,suction,compression,expansionandexhaust.Ifweinhaleandexhauststrokeandthecompressionandexpansionstrokecombined,four-strokedieselen

20、gineintoatwo-strokedieselengines.Leavetheiritineraryatthebottomoftwo-strokecyclepistonbottomdeadcenter(BDC)upwardrunbegan,theinletofthecylinderonthesideofthescavengingportisopen,theexhaustportisopen.Compressedfreshairchargeintothecylinder,blowingouttheresidualgasonatripthroughtheexhaustport.Whenthep

21、istonupto1/5ofhistrip,closetheintake,exhaustport,andthentheairiscompressedinthepistonupward.Whenthepistonuptotripthebottomofthetopdeadcenter(TDC),theairpressureandtemperaturerosetoahighvalue.Theinjectortoaveryfinemistsprayedintothehotair,combustiongastoproduceahigherpressure.WiththeexpansionoftheI,h

22、igh-pressuregas,thepistonisbeingpusheddownstreamuntilitopenstheexhaustport,combustiongasdischarge,thepistoncontinuesdownstreamuntilitopenstheairinlet,andanothercyclebegins.Two-strokedieselenginecrankshaftrevolutiontoproduceapowerstroke,powerstroke;inthefour-strokedieselenginecranktwoweekstoproduceap

23、owerstroke.Thisiswhytwo-strokedieselenginecanproducetwicethepowerofthesamesizefour-strokedieselenginetheory.Scavenging,however,isnotsufficientandotherlosses,thisadvantagedroppedtoabout1.8times.Onboard,eachdieselenginetohavehisapplication.Low-speed(90120r/min),mainpropulsiondieseltwo-stroke.Thislowsp

24、eed,themachinepaddledonotneedgearboxes.Four-strokedieselengine(usuallyinthemedium-speedoperation,thespeedinthe250750r/min)forgenerators,andsometimesforpropulsionengines,gearbox90120r/minspeed.Thedutycycledieselenginecanbedesignedasatwo-strokecycleorfour-strokecycle,thetwoareexplainedasfollows:Typica

25、lfour-strokecycletoturnthecourseoffour-strokecycle.Usuallyfromthetopdeadcenter(TDC,I,ignition)tostartdrawingfromthetopdeadcenter(TDC,sweepgas)begintoexplain.ThepointisalsocalledTDCTDC.Seealongtheclockwise,startingforward,theexhaustvalvesareopen(allmodernfour-strokedieselengineshavevalvebodies).Ifthe

26、dieselengineisanaturalventilationorasmallhigh-speedmachinewithatherunoffpressurizedgas,thevalveoverlaptime,thetwovalvesopenatthesametimeaveryshorttime.ClosetheexhaustvalveatTDC(theATDC)about10o.Propulsiondieselenginesandauxiliarypowerdieselengineoperationfollowingthevastmajorityof1000r/minalmostallt

27、urbocharged,andaredesignedsothatatthismomentalotofscavengingairthroughouttheflowinordertocontroltheleaftemperature.Inthiscase,theexhaustvalvewillremainopenuntiltheshutdownof5060aftertopdeadcenter.Withthepistoninitsinspiratorystrokeoutorthenextstoppointdownstream,itwillinhalealargequantityoffreshair.

28、Reachesthemaximum,andcompensationfortheamountofairinhaledvalveseatedopenreductionorthesuctioneffectofinertia,theintakevalveremainsopen,untiltheendingpointofabout2530o(145155oBTDC).Thisprocessiscalledtheintakevalveclosed.FilledtheairandthenI,upwardpistoncompressiontoabout550oC.Dependingonthetypeandsp

29、eedofthedieselengine,about10o20oBTDC,thefuelinjectorisinjectedintoafinelyatomizedfuel.Ignitionoffuelsprayedintothe27o(alsoaccordingtothemodel),downstreamofthepistonintheexpansionstroke,combustionperiodof30to50o.Thepistonmovementisusuallyconducivetotheinductionofairforcombustion.Approximately120to150

30、otheATDC,theexhaustvalveopens(EVO).Selectisquicklycylindergasemissionstotheexhaustpipe.This:(a)toretainenoughenergytodriveexhaustgasturbocharger;(b)reducethecylinderpressuretothenextstoppointoftheminimumtoreducetheconsumptionofthepumpexhauststrokeQigong.Residualexhaustgasupstreamofthepistondriven,70

31、80oBTDC,theintakevalveopen,sothatoutwardflowofgasinertiacoupledwithapositivepressuredifferential(ofteninthecylinderinthere),theairontheexhaustthroughouttheairflowtocleanupthecylinder.Ifthedieselengineisnaturalventilation,theintakevalveopensatabout10obeforeTDC.Dutycycletostartagain.Two-strokecycleTyp

32、icaltwo-strokecycleprocess,asitsnamewithinthemeaningoftheworkcycleiscompletedwithinthe曰*6&S力于斗于支心艮公WWW_Z曰RXIUts-1crankshaftrevolution.Two-strokedieselengineisalwaysapistontoopentheinlet,theairintakedownstreamairenteringthecylinder.Theexhaustgascanbedischargedandtheadjacentexhaustportscontrolledbythe

33、samepiston(returnsweepgas),orthroughtheexhaustportofthecylinderontheothersideofthedischarge,ordischarge(DCsweepgasthroughtheexhaustvalve).FromTDC,thecombustionhasbeencarriedout.110to120oaftertopdeadcenter,exhaustintakeinthenext20to30qtheonlypointof130150oquicklypurgethecylinder.Byinertiatopromoteint

34、hiswaytothesonicflowofexhaustairrapidlyflowsthroughthecylindertoaminimumof(gas)mixing,becauseallisnottheexhaustairwillreducetheamountofairforthenexttrip.Inthecompressionstroke,theexhaustportshouldbeclosedbeforetheinlettotheaerationrate,butifthetwoprocessesiscontrolledbythesamepiston,andthegeometryof

35、theenginebacktohindertheachievementofthis.Thissituationindieselengineexhaustvalve.Inanycase,theairintakewillbethenextstoppointtoopenbeforethebottomdeadpointofviewoff,thenextstoppoint130150oturnofftheexhaustportisclosedinthesameangleintherange.I,Thefuelinjectionbeforetopdeadcenter,about1020oangleacco

36、rdingtospeed.Burningwiththefour-strokemachineisthesamefor3050oDieselenginestructure(I),FrameandrackBaseinmostcasesweldedstructure,boltedtothebaseconstitutethedoublebottomoftheship.Inthehorizontalbymeansoflateralwedgepadboltintheverticalbymeansoftheendofthewedgepadbolt.Thecrankshaftisplacedinthebaseb

37、eambearings,thesebearingsarereferredtoasthemainbearings.Eachbearingconsistsoftwobearingtwobearingfromthebearingseatoftheprocessingonthebasesupport,afixedstudandbearingcap.Thethrustbearingislocatedintherearoftheengine,withthebasemadeofonewiththebaseunitseparately.Ashapemadeofcastironorsteelofifsteelr

38、ackonthebaseplaneisequippedwithrack-mountonthebasebeamandbolted.Ashapedtopoftherackhasasturdyframestructurecalledscavenge.Thesweepgastankdividedintoseveralsections,eachwithaverticalflangeinfrontofthechaindrivedevicethroughbolta3cylinderpartsfusedtoachaindrivedevice4to6曰*6&S力于斗于支心艮公WWW_Z曰RXIUts-1cyli

39、nderpartofthefused.Thechaingeartothecrankshaftandcamshafttogether,enclosedwithintheshellofthechaindrivebox.Second,thecylinderandcylinderheadTheupperpartofthescavengeeachcylinderisequippedwithasturdycastironframe.Frameworkknownasthecylinderblockcoolingwaterjacket,andwithaverticalflange,andscavengeava

40、ilableboltstoeachframeintoboththetwogroups.Pedestal,rackandcylinderconnectedtoalongthroughboltstogethertoformasolidstructure,reducingtheuseofdeformationandvibration.Cylinderlinermadeofcastironcylinderlinersurfaceissometimeschromeplated.Cylinderlinerextendingdowntoscavenge.Linerandscavengingboxatthet

41、opofthesealbytherubberring,rubberringisinstalledinthelineronthecuttingoftheringslot.Onecalledscavengingportopeningsinthecylinderlinerinsertedintothesweepgastankparts.Theairinletheightissucharrangement,whenthepistonatbottomdeadcenter,pistonalongjusttoopentheairintake.Theairinletinthecylinderlinerisma

42、deofabout20oangle,theresultisthescavengingrotation.Thetopofeachcylindermadeofspecialheat-resistingI,steelcylinderheadclosed.Cylinderheadmountedonthelineratthetopoftheplane,theorientationoftheshroudbymachining.Ringembeddedinthecylinderheadsofconesurfacemustbeverycareful.Cylinderheadandcylindertoapply

43、spinintothestudinthecylinderisfixed.Lineronthedrillingspaceisusedforlubrication,thenewlineratthetopofairdrillingforcooling.Eachcylinderheadhasalargecenterholeusedtoinstalltheexhaustvalve,aswellastwotothreeemptyforloadinginjector,andalsosomeoftheholesusedtoinstallthestartervalve,safetyvalves,indicato

44、rvalve,aswellasTheexhaustvalvecoolingwaterchamberofimportandexport.ReadingmaterialtranslationA.SULZERmarinedieselengineOfSULZERtheRND-Mtypedieselengineissingleacting,low-speed,twostrokereversibleengine.Themovementofbodiesofeachcylinderbythepiston,thepistonbar,rodandconnectedtoasinglehandlecrank.Thed

45、ockingstationmadeofdouble-wallstructureofthelongitudinalboxgirder.A-shapedframeworkinstalledonthebasesupportingtherackandcylinderblock,theentirebase,A-shapedframeandthecylinderblockassemblywiththroughboltstogethertoformarigidstructure.Inordertowithstandhorizontalcrankshaftbendingload,themainbearingc

46、apfixedbythestrutbolts.Thisenhancedstructureisnecessarytowithstandthefireloadonthedieselenginestructurereachedbythecylinderhead.Thecrankshaftisasemi-modular,thecrankarmisdesignedaspartofthequalityofbalancerotation.Thecylinderheadwasmadeofmonomer,andequippedwithacentralinjector,startingairvalve,safet

47、yvalveandindicatorvalve.Theconstantpressureexhaust-driventurbochargertoprovidescavengingair.Therefluxsweepgasandauxiliaryblowerwithanelectricrunautomatically,sothatlowandmaneuvered.Lubricantsforlowandmediumvoltagesystems,lowpressuresystemtothemainbearingsandotherbearingoilsupply,thecrossheadbearingt

48、heChineseandoilofthepressuresystem,thehingetubetooilsenttothecrossheadbearing.Cylinder,cylinderheadandpistoncoolingbywater,theboomofwaterintothepiston.Thefuelinjectionusingindependentinjectionsystem,andWoodwardhydraulicgovernorgovernor.I,RLtypeofdieselenginebasedontheRND-Mtype,thepistonstrokelengthe

49、nedtoprovidegreateroutputpowerandlowerspeed.Itsnewfeaturesincludesingle-walledbasewithathrustbearing,pistonheadandthemaincombustionchambercomponentsdrillaircooling,andwaterintheaircirculationclosetothehotsurfaceofthedrill.BSULZERtheRTA-typedieselengineTheSULZERRTA84Cisatypicallow-speedtwo-strokecros

50、sheadlongjourneyofmoderndieselengines.Itsbore840mm,stroke2400mm,speed100r/min,4to12cylinderproductscanalsobeparticularlylargefastcontainershipproduction.ItsdesignandstructureandRTA2seriesRTA2seriescylindersizedownto380mm.Thedockingstationiscomposedofsingle-walldeepwallboxstructureweldedplatesandcast

51、ings,weldingasolidA-shapedrackisequippedwithcoolingliner,formedbytheboltfusedcylinder.Ofthesepartsdieselrobustoverallframework.Theentireframestructurethroughboltsverticalpreload.Linerforacastironalloy.Itsupperendisasolidringunits,locatedinthecylinderbody,itisunderalotofgasload.Thelinerdrillingaircoo

52、ling,adjustablewaterflowtomaintainthepropertemperature.LinerthelowerendI,ofthesweepgastankwithoutcooling.Differentheightofthecylinderlubricationtoreducecylinderwearrate.Cylinderheadissolidforgedsteel,drillingcoolingtoreducethermalstress,andpasstheheatofthefuelinjector,soconcentratedcoolingtheexhaust

53、valveseatcylinderheadcoolingwater.Forexhaustvalvemadeof84#nickel-chromiumtitanium(Ninonic80,),andthroughtheleavesonthestemrotation.Heopenedhydraulicallyandclosedbyairspringaction,opentheliquidpressurefromthecam-drivencontrolmechanism.Pistonwithalloysteelpistonhead,andfivecompressionringinstalledinth

54、eringslotchromepistonwithashortcastironpistonskirt.Pistonoilcooling,shockcoolingandsmallnozzleinjection,intotheoilthroughclosetotheundersideofthepistonheadandthebackoftheholeinthepistonringgroove.Coolingoildrillinginthepistonrodfromthecrossheadofthehingerodforentryandreturn.Thepistonrodandmonomercro

55、ssheadisconnectedtothesurface,andcontinuouslythroughoutthelowerhalfandthetopbearing.Theupperbearingmaterialforthewhitemetalbypressureoillubrication.Thecrossheadorientedsliderconnectedtoeachendofthecrosshead.Thesemi-assemblycrankshaftcranktoincreasemainI,bearingarearecessedinthechamfer,themainbearingcapfixedbythestrutboltsinstalledintherack.Camshaftgeardrive,withaservertoruninthereversetothefuelpumpandstartingairdistributorretiming.Thehighpressurepumpisacam-drivenvalvepumps,withvariableignitiontimingadjustment