醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)詞根(共11頁(yè))

1、1人體主要器官(qgun)前綴名稱(mngchng) 通用名 前（后）綴 常用形容詞 示例心 heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology腦 brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology肺 lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology肝 liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology胃 stomach gastro- gastr

2、ic gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology膽 gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy腸 intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology脾 spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology胰 pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy腎 kidney nep

3、hro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology2與人體系統(tǒng)(xtng)、器官有關(guān)的前（后）綴名稱 通用名 前（后）綴 示例血 blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma血管 vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular靜脈 vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction動(dòng)脈 artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arterios

4、clerosis肌 muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis髓 marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma神經(jīng) nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron細(xì)胞 cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte尿 urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital體 body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome3與數(shù)字有關(guān)的前

5、綴數(shù)字 前綴 示例一（單） mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional二 bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide三 tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve四 tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia五 penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride六 hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)

6、/hexacycliccompiund七 hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent八 octa- octahedral/octal system九 nona- nonapeptide/nonagon十 deca- decade/decagram/decaliter注：十位數(shù)的表示一般為：個(gè)位數(shù)前綴+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptidegastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）4顏色及與顏色有關(guān)的前綴顏色 通用名 前綴 示例色 color chrom-/chromo- c

7、hromosome/chromatin/chromatometer紅 red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer白 white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira黑 black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma黃 yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma藍(lán) blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia紫 violet/purple綠 green棕 brown br

8、own mixture/brown ring橙 orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G粉紅 pink oink frothy sputum緋紅 crimson青銅 bronzed bronzed diabetes注：有些病名的“藍(lán)”“紫”“青”為同義，其前綴都為“cyano-”.5與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(1)含義 前（后）綴 形容詞 示例病 patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy病態(tài) -osis -oti

9、c neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis增多 leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis減少 -penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia無(wú) a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia小/微 -let droplet/platelet/leafletmicro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus大/巨 macro- macroscopic/macronu

10、cleus/macrophage-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly復(fù)合/多 poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia全/泛 pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic6與疾病和疾患有關(guān)的前（后）綴(2)含義 前（后）綴 示例相反 dis- disease/disorder/disability困難/障礙 dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea不良 mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice炎癥 -itis appen

11、dicitis/bronchitis/arthritis瘤/塊 -oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma血癥 -emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia痛 -algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer麻痹 -plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia流出 -rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea壞死 -necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/n

12、ecrospermia結(jié)石 litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes7與方位有關(guān)的前綴含義 通用詞 前綴 示例上 upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal下 lower/inferior nfra-/sub- infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous前 front/anterior/prior fore-/ante- forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis/pre-后 back/posterior

13、 post-/retro- posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac內(nèi) inner/internal in-/endo-/ento- inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial外 outer/external ex-/exo- extract/excretion/exocardial間 between inter- intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse旁/副 on the side of para- parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal周 around peri- per

14、ioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum中心 central centri-/centra- centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus/centro-反/對(duì) opposite counter-/contra- counterpart/countershock/contraindication注：in vivo/invaivou/活體內(nèi);in vitro/in vaitrou/活體外或試管內(nèi)；in situ/insaitju:/原位8與外科手術(shù)有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例切除 -ectomy appendectomy/g

15、astrectomy/splenectomy切開 -tomy tracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy切（割） -tome tracheotome/thoracotome吻合 -stomy duodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy成形術(shù) -plasty tracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty整（矯）形 ortho- orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy造影 -graphy angiography/nephrography/phlebography經(jīng) trans- tra

16、nsdominal/translateral/transurethral注：ortho-也是“正”“原”的前綴，如：ortho-acid（正酸）-graphy為方法，如：electrocardigraphy心電圖檢查術(shù)；graph為儀器，如：electrocardigraph心電圖機(jī)；gram為圖象，文字，如：electrocardiogram心電圖記錄。9與化學(xué)品有關(guān)的前（后）綴含義 前（后）綴 示例酸鹽 ate sulfate/nitrate/acetate醇 -ol alcohol/propanol/taxol醛 -al retinal/methylal/propanal酮 -one a

17、cetone/progesterone/ketone糖 glyco- glycogenolysissaccharo- saccharomyces-saccharide polysaccharide酶 -ase reductase/transminase/kinase素 -in penicillin/heparin/nuclein原 -gen allogen/antigen/glycogen苯基/酚 phen-/pheno- phenol/phenate/phenetidin氨基 amino- aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine10與“作用”有關(guān)的前（后）

18、綴含義 前（后）綴 示例殺 -cide/-cidal insecticide/pesticide/bactericidal抑 -stasis/-static bacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic驅(qū)逐 -fuge febrifuge/centrifuge抗 -anti antibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen去/脫/除 de- dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization回/再/復(fù) re- reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant冷凍 cryo- cryo

19、biology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant否/去/分離 dis- disinfection/dissociate/dissection向后/退行 retro- retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiacSuffixMeaningExample-acpertaining to 屬于，關(guān)于cardiac: pertaining to the heart心臟（?。┑?alpertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-arpertaining to molecular: pertaining

20、 to a molecule 分子的-arypertaining to belonging to ciliary: pertaining to the cilia睫毛的,纖毛的,毛狀的-aseenzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶-clesmallness小,少,貧乏,小氣follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac小囊,(頭發(fā)的)毛囊-ean instrument 儀器auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (檢查耳朵用的)

21、耳鏡-ealpertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx喉的, 喉音的-iacondition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐懼，害怕-icpertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-icsstudy of; name of a sciencepediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 兒科學(xué)-ine/insubstance 物質(zhì)insulin：substance (ho

22、rmone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas 胰島素-ismprocess or conditionalcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒-istone who specializes in 精通于的人pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 藥理專家-itisinflammation refers to a part in部位的炎癥 r

23、hinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)umrelation to a whole; related to 與相關(guān)endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宮內(nèi)膜-ivecharacterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing止咳藥-lettiny; smalldroplet: a tiny drop 小滴-mentthe result or product of an actiondevelopment: thing whic

24、h develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature-oidresembling; like像mucoid: resembling mucus粘液樣的-olelittle; smallcentriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome細(xì)胞中心粒；中心體-omatumor; swelling refers to a doerdermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin皮膚纖維瘤-or/-ereither a

25、person or thingreceptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受體-orycharacterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down懸吊式，懸?guī)?osesugarfructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osisabnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nai

26、l 嵌甲-ouspertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-somesbodiesribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖體-umstructure; thing; substance結(jié)構(gòu)，物質(zhì)magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 鎂（金屬元素）-ycondition; act; processdystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition

27、or metabolism 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixesSuffixMeaning Example-algiapain; painful; conditionarthralgia: pain in a joint 關(guān)節(jié)痛-aseenzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人類胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚細(xì)胞，原始血細(xì)胞-carcinomamalignant tumor developin

28、g from connective tissue 相關(guān)組織的惡性腫瘤adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌-celeprotrusion; distention突出；膨脹，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出-centesissurgical puncture 手術(shù)穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺術(shù)-ca

29、pniacarbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cidekillgermicide: (substance) which can kill germs殺菌劑-clastcellphagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌細(xì)胞-dyniapainglossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛-ectasia/-ectasisexpansion; dil

30、ation(膨脹，擴(kuò)張)atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不張-ectomysurgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除術(shù)-edemaexcessive accumulation of serous fluid 水腫myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤

31、病，粘液水腫-emiablood conditionleukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病-emesisvomiting 嘔吐hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced or prouducespathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原體-g

32、enesisproduction 生產(chǎn)spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子發(fā)生-globinprotein蛋白質(zhì)hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血紅素-gnosisknowledgediagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examinatio

33、n -gramimage; pictureelectrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram 心電圖-graph(y)process of recording記錄過(guò)程electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Sy

34、n. cardiography 心電圖記錄-iasiscondition; state情況，狀況cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 膽石癥-iatry/-iatricshealing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康復(fù)，常指醫(yī)學(xué)的一個(gè)分支podiatry: treatment of foot disorders足部醫(yī)療-lithstonecholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 膽結(jié)石-logythe study

35、of cytology: the science study of cells 細(xì)胞學(xué)-logistone who studies and treatsurologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科醫(yī)生-lysisbreakdown, destructionhemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血-malaciasofteningosteomalacia: softeni

36、ng of bone 骨軟化-maniaextreme compulsion or preoccupation強(qiáng)迫癥kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盜竊癖-megalygiantacromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大癥-metry/-metermeasurementspirometry: measurement of the vo

37、lume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量測(cè)定(法),呼吸量測(cè)定(法)-odyniapaincardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛-onehormone荷爾蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲狀旁腺激素-opiaa defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近視-o

38、psyto viewbiopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活檢-osismorbid condition病態(tài)的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化癥-osmiasmellanosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅覺(jué)喪失-ostomyprocess of making an opening into or a connection between造瘺gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the

39、surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口術(shù)-oxialevel of oxygen氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues組織缺氧-pathydisease; diseased conditionophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病-peniadeficiencyleukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白細(xì)胞減少癥-pepsiadi

40、gestioneupepsia: good digestion 消化良好-pexya fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 縫合固定hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定術(shù)-phagia/phagyeating; swallowing 吃，吞咽dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困難-philattraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物 basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell whic

41、h contains granules嗜堿性粒細(xì)胞-phobiafearxenophobia: irrational fear of strangers對(duì)外國(guó)人的恐懼，憎惡-plasiaformation; developmenthyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，數(shù)量型肥大-phoniavoicedysphonia: difficulty in speaking發(fā)聲困難-plasmformation; growth or substance of formationcytoplasm: jel

42、ly substance in the cell細(xì)胞漿-plastysurgical repairosteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形術(shù)，骨成形術(shù)-plegiastroke; paralysis 中風(fēng)thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke熱射病-pneabreathingeupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平靜呼吸-ptosisa falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移hepatoptosis: abnormally low position

43、 of the liver肝下垂-ptysisspitting分散melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰-poiesisproductionhemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用-rrhage/-rrhagiabursting forth of blood 出血menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月經(jīng)過(guò)多-rrhaphysurgical sewing or suturing splenorrhaphy: suture

44、of the spleen脾修補(bǔ)術(shù)-rrheaoverflowhydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢-(o)rrhexissplitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝氣amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac羊膜破裂-sarcomamalignant tumor developing from connective tissue liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat脂肪肉瘤-schesisa holding back; suppression of discharge阻礙

45、；抑制排放uroschesis: suppression of urine閉尿，尿潴留-sclerosisa hardeningdermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病-scopeinstrument for viewingstethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation聽(tīng)診器-scopyprocess of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝檢查-spasminvoluntary contra

46、ctionangiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痙攣-stasissuppression; stoppage; control; arrest抑制，中止hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding止血，止血法-stenosisabnormal narrowing of a duct or canal管、道德異常狹窄laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狹窄-stomysurgical opening to the o

47、utside of the body造口colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon結(jié)腸造口術(shù)-tentionpressurehypertention: high blood pressure 高血壓-therapytreatmentphysiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理療法-tionprocesshospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院-tocialabor; birth 生

48、產(chǎn)embryotocia: abortion 流產(chǎn)-tometool for incisionarthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint關(guān)節(jié)刀-tomyprocess of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切開術(shù)-tropiaturning 轉(zhuǎn)彎，變向esotropia: turning inward of the eye內(nèi)斜視-trophynourishment or development of an organ器官的營(yíng)養(yǎng)、發(fā)育dystrophy: disorder caused

49、by defective nutrition or metabolism營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良-uriaa condition of the urine（小便）dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困難-versionturningeversion: a turning outward外翻，翻轉(zhuǎn)Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixesPrefixMeaningExamplea-/an-without; notaphasia: the inability to understand written or sp

50、oken words or to speak meaningfully失語(yǔ)癥ab-away fromabortion: expulsion from the uterus流產(chǎn)ad-to; toward; nearadnasal: near the nose 近鼻的acro-a point or tipacronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲alb-whitealbino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白發(fā)病者amb-/ambi-bothambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually

51、 attracted to both males and famales 雙性戀amphi-/ampho-both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管ana-up; back againanabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代謝Angio-a blood vessel angioma: benign tumor formed of bloo

52、d vessel血管瘤ante-beforeantenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，懷孕期的anti-againstantidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁劑audi-hearing; soundaudiometry: science of testing hearing聽(tīng)力測(cè)定auto-selfautoantibody: antibody formed to attack the bodys own cells自身抗體 bi-two; t

53、wicebicellular: two cells兩室的bio-living organisms生命體biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化學(xué)brady- slowbradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心動(dòng)過(guò)緩carcin-carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物cata-downwards; under; against; along withcataract:

54、 condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白內(nèi)障centi-one hundredth百分之一centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米co(n)-with or together consanguineous: blood relationship血親的，血緣的，密切的contra-againstcontraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devi

55、ces or drugs 避孕法，節(jié)育法de-removal or lossdecaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脫去咖啡因的deca-tendecagram: ten grams 十克deci-tenthdeciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升di-twodiglossia: a double tongue使用兩種語(yǔ)言dia-through; between; apart; acrossdiathermy: process of (

56、treating) through heat透熱療法dis-reversal or separate disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂dys-bad; difficult; disordereddysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint關(guān)節(jié)變形echo-soundechocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描記，超聲心動(dòng)描記術(shù)ect-/ecto-outside or outerecchondroma: benign tumor on the s

57、urface of cartilage or bone外生軟骨瘤en-in; withinenostosis: benign growth inside a bone內(nèi)生骨疣endo-insideendocardium: membrane which lines the heart心內(nèi)膜epi-on; overepidermis: outer layer of skin表皮ery-rederythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell紅細(xì)胞eso-inward; within(向內(nèi))esotropia: turning inward of the

58、 eye內(nèi)斜視eu-good eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection優(yōu)生學(xué)ex-/ exo-out of exhale: to breath out 呼出extra-outsideextracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的hemi-halfhemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏癱,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydro-waterhydrocele: collection of watery l

59、iquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum陰囊積水hyper-higher or too muchhyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖癥hypo-less or too littlehypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血鉀in-in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近親交配in-notincoherent: not

60、 able to speak in a way which makes sense語(yǔ)無(wú)倫次infra-below or beneathinfrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髕inter-between interlobular: between lobules小葉間的intra-insideintramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓內(nèi)itro-intointrovert: person who thinks only about himself and his own menta