ChineseCulture中國文化介紹課件

1、Explore theChinese Culture Let s learn together ! Eric LiWhat is Culture Definition ?Some conceive of culture as separating humans from non-humans. Some define it as communicable knowledge. Some as the sum of historical achievements produced by mans social life. In a word: culture is learned, shared

2、, and transmitted from the generation to the next. Chinese Culture OverviewChina: 9,600,000 square kilometers, is proud of five thousand years history. 56 ethnic groups: living in China have developed their own customs.Too many culture elements! Brief Contents1. Chinese Religion and Philosophy: Conf

3、ucianism, Taoism and Buddhism 2. Modern business culture & etiquette.3. Chinese cuisine.4. Chinese arts and crafts: Painting, operas, embroidery, china and martial arts1. Religion and Philosophy China has an approximately 4100-year recorded history. ( From the endless primeval period, around 2,100 B

4、.C.) Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism are the three great thoughts. Most social values are derived from Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. ItemCentral FigureNeonatal DateDurationSumConfucianismConfucius479 BCTo 2010 2500 yearsTaoismLaozi6th century BCTo 20102500 yearsBuddhismSakyamuni6th century BC

5、 into China in 6th Century ADTo 20101500 yearsThe Leading Figures Confucius Lao ZiShakyamuniConfucianismTaoismBuddhism 1.1 Confucianism Confucius Confucianism (儒家; pinyin: Rji) is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of Confucius (Kng Fz, lit. Master Kong, 551478 B

6、C). It is a complex system of moral, social, political, philosophical, and quasi-religious thought that has had tremendous influence on the culture and history of East Asia. Teachings of ConfucianismThe basic clou of Confucianism stresses the importance of the individual moral development, so that t

7、he state can be governed by moral virtue rather than by the laws.Golden mean (philosophy): the felicitous middle between the extremes of excess and deficiency “ Rid the two ends, take the middle one.”Relationships are central to Confucianism. Particular duties arise from ones special situation in re

8、lation to others.Ren 仁 (benevolence, love) & Li 禮 (rites)-respect for the system of social hierarchy.1.2 Taoism Lao Zi Laozi (老子; pinyin: Loz;) was a philosopher of China around 6th century B.C. and is a central figure in Taoism. Laozi literally means Old Master and is generally considered an honori

9、fic. Taoism is the Chinese religion which believes in ghosts and spirits. It emphasized cooperation with the natural forces.Teachings of TaoismWu wei (無為;pinyin: wwi) is a central concept in Taoism. The literal meaning of wu wei is without action. It is often expressed by the paradox wei wu wei, mea

10、ning action without action or effortless doing.1.3 BuddhismShakyamuni Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Shakyamuni (Gautama), commonly known as the Buddha. Buddha lived and taught in the northea

11、stern Indian subcontinent sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BC.Buddhism in China Buddhism is the most important religion in China. It is generally believed that it was spread to Central China in 67 AD during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220). During its development in China, it has a profound in

12、fluence on traditional Chinese culture and thoughts, and has become one of the most important religions in China.Journey to The West Teachings of the Buddha Life is filled with suffering. Suffering is caused by peoples wants. Buddhism promotes code of conduct in life. That is what they call Five Pre

13、cepts of avoiding killing, stealing, indulging, lying and alcohol drinking. It leads to self-understanding. King of Monkey Brief Contents1. Chinese Religion and Philosophy: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism 2. Modern business culture & etiquette. Relactionship (Guanxi), Face (Lian)3. Chinese arts an

14、d crafts: Painting, operas, embroidery, china and martial arts 4. Chinese cuisine.2. Modern Business Culture & Etiquette.China is becoming a economic powerhouse. Commercial activity is not merely the exchange and cooperation based on economic benefits, it is also the collision and communicating betw

15、een different cultures that each side has.Every person is grown in a particular culture, learning the “right way” of doing things .1. Why should we know Chinese culture?2. The background of Modern business culture and etiquette.For nearly two thousand years Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism has mold

16、ed and shaped the civilization of China and exerted a profound influence upon almost one fourth of human race.2.1 Relationship (Guanxi) “Guanxi” literally means relationships“, stands for any type of relationship. Chinese people care more about the social relationship than commercial relationship in

17、 doing the business: “Guanxi” means one will be quick to do a favor, do anything necessary for the other party: You scratch my back, Ill scratch yours. Most important business cannot occur until relationship if sound, written agreement secondary to Guan xi. Guanxi is hard to form, but long lasting.

18、The reciprocal nature of “Guanxi and its implied obligations is the main reason why Chinese are reticent to engage in deeper relationships with people they do not know. 2.2 “Face” (Lian or Mianzi)“Lian” can be translate into “face” in English which is one of the most important cultural traits of Chi

19、nese people. Giving face (giving due respect) is a very important concept in China. You must give the appropriate respect according to rank and seniority.For example in the business negotiation: The Chinese often avoid the word “No” to save face for both parties. Words such as “bu fangbian” (inconve

20、nient) , “tai kunnan” (too difficult) or “huoxu” (maybe) are synonyms of “No” in Chinese culture.Affect of Relationship andFace.How to establish relationship? Courtesy calls for reciprocity (禮尚往來：lshng wng li )Relationship starts with and builds on the trustworthiness of the individual or the compan

21、y. Frequent contacts with each other foster understanding and emotional bonds and the Chinese often feel obligated to do business with their friends first. Wine has close connection with social relationship in China . -also seems today that friendship depends only on the volume of drink being consum

22、ed. If we are good friends, then bottoms up; if not, then just take a sip is a common phrased exchanged during gatherings. Not good.Relationship and face are completely legal in Chinese culture and not regarded as bribery.Cardinal Rules in NegotiationBusiness negotiations in China require a much mor

23、e patient approach. The Chinese culture makes the people suspicious of strangers, the term well consider it will be heard frequently. Dont say or do anything to embarass the Chinese participants and cause them to lose face. Dont point your finger or any sharp object such as a pen or pencil at anyone

24、. Dont lose your temper and raise your voice. Dont wear Bright colours. 2.3 Gift GivingGift giving is a big part of any culture. Especially growing up Chinese. Gifts are often used in “Guanxi to establish, or bring equilibrium to the relationship.Things to avoid. Do not give knives, scissors, letter

25、 openers, etc. It implies the severing of a relationship Do not expect that a gift will be opened immediately Avoid giving things to people in groups of four, since the number four in Chinese is a homonym for the word death . Never give a Chinese gentleman a green hat. It is associated with adultery

26、. Do not wrap gifts in white, blue or black paper. Gifts may be refused three times before they are accepted. 2.3 Dining EtiquetteIf you are the guest, wait to be seated as hierarchy is involved .Eating usually begins once the host offers the first drink. 3. Let older people eat first, or if you hea

27、r an elder say lets eat, you can start to eat. 4. When helping yourself to the dishes, you should take food first from the plates in front of you rather than those in front of others. 5. Do not stick chopsticks vertically into your food, especially not into rice, as this will make Chinese think of f

28、unerals. Brief Contents1. Chinese Religion and Philosophy: Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism 2. Modern business culture & etiquette.3. Chinese cuisine.4. Chinese arts and crafts: Painting, operas, embroidery, china and martial arts3. Chinese cuisine業(yè)務(wù)流程 Chinese culinary arts are famous all over the

29、world. Chinese dishes appeal to the senses through sight, smell, taste, texture. Chinese cuisine includes a variety of different flavors due to Chinas vast geography and diverse nationalities. Local dishes with their own distinctiveness can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines.Chinese Eig

30、ht Regional CuisinesFujian Tremella and quail eggs souppeculiar about soup Hunan Yi xiang fishKnown for sour and spicy dishes Shandong excellent seafood Sea pumpkinSichuan Spicy-hot Chicken with chili sauceGuangdong Fotiaoqiang Delicacies Anhui Jiangsu large meatball High cutting techniques Nutritio

31、us food Tai bai fishZhejiang Dong po Porklight, crisp, elegant Beijing Roast Duck Beijing Roast duck is thought to be one of the most delicious dishes all over the world; most visitors coming to Beijing will never forget to have a try.4. Chinese arts and craftsTraditional Festival: Spring Festival2.

32、 Chinese Folk Arts: Beijing Opera, Martial Arts3. Chinese crafts: Painting, Embroidery, ChinaChinese ArchitectureSpring Festival There are many traditional festivals in China, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival. But Spring Festival, also known as Chi

33、nese new year, is the most important in our culture, just as important as Christmas Day in western culture.Spring Festival The origin of Spring Festival”Nian”, lunar year. Celebrationreunion and thanksgiving New Years Eve Dinner Fireworks Dui Lian Traditional FestivalChinese Dumpling- the most impor

34、tant foods in Chinese New YearFireworks are used to scare the beast “Nian” and to get rid of ill luckReflect the best wishes to the upcoming yearChinese Folk Arts業(yè)務(wù)流程Chinese folk artsTraditional FestivalMartial Arts(Kung Fu)Beijing OperaTwo special artsBeijing OperaBeijing opera is the most influent

35、ial opera in China and has a history of around 200 years. It synthesizes the arts of singing, dancing, recitation, martial arts, and instrumental music. Symbolism dominates the motions and stage designs. There are four main roles in Beijing Opera: Sheng: is the male role in Beijing Opera.Dan: is all

36、 female roles.Jing: is known as hualian, a role with a painted face, who is a man of special character, features and personality. Chou: is also called xiaohualian. A chou may be a kind-hearted, humorous and funny fellow ( some time likes buffoon). Beijing OperaShengDanJing ChouThe facial painting is worth appreciating for its artistic value Martial Arts (Kung Fu )Anyone who has seen classical Chinese Kung Fu movies will be deeply impressed by the Chinese Wushu, which is called Kung Fu or Chinese martial arts in the west. Do you know Bruce Lee, Jet Li or Jackie Chan?Martial Arts (Kung Fu )K