商務(wù)英語信函教學(xué)課件

1、 一封正式的英文書信通常包括下面幾個(gè)組成部分：信頭(Heading)、信內(nèi)地址(Inside Address)、稱呼(Salutation)、正文(Body)、結(jié)束語(Complimentary Close)、簽名(Signature)、附件(Enclosure)、副本轉(zhuǎn)送(Carbon Copies)、再啟(Postscript)等。英文書信的組成部分第1頁，共61頁。關(guān)于稱呼不認(rèn)識的人：Dear Sir/Madam認(rèn)識但不熟悉的人：Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./ Dr./ Prof. Smith朋友：Dear Mary第2頁，共61頁。關(guān)于結(jié)束語寫給機(jī)關(guān)、團(tuán)體或不認(rèn)識的人：Yours

2、 truly, Truly yours, Yours faithfully, Yours sincerely寫給長者或上級：Yours respectfully, Respectfully yours, Yours obediently 朋友或親戚：Yours, Ever yours, Yours ever, Yours affectionately, Lovingly yours, (Much) Love, With Love, Your devoted friend第3頁，共61頁。信件常用稱呼和落款用法情況稱呼落款未知收信人姓名Dear Sir(s)Dear MadamDear Sir

3、or MadamYours FaithfullyFaithfully Yours知道收信人的姓名，但關(guān)系一般Dear Mr. BushDear Ms. BushDear Dr. BushDear Prof. BushYours SincerelySincerely Yours知道收信人姓名且關(guān)系親密Dear MaryDear SmithBest regardsBest wishesLoveWith (Lots of ) Love第4頁，共61頁。英文書信的基本原則 英文書信的書寫可概括為7個(gè)C原則：Completeness （完整）, Clarity（清楚）, Concreteness（具體）

4、, Conciseness（簡明）, Correctness（正確）, Courtesy（謙恭）, Consideration（諒解）。第5頁，共61頁。 商務(wù)信函 Business Letter第6頁，共61頁。ContentDefinitionLayout/TypeLanguage FeaturesTranslation Principles Practice & Analyses第7頁，共61頁。Definition第8頁，共61頁。書信是日常生活中常用的文體，是用以交涉事宜、傳達(dá)信息、交流思想、聯(lián)絡(luò)感情、增進(jìn)了解的重要工具。書信一般可分為商務(wù)信函或公函（Business Letter

5、or Official Correspondence）和私人信件（Private Letter）兩大類。商務(wù)信函：商務(wù)往來中的信件，是“人們互相聯(lián)系，彼此交往，交流思想，溝通信息，洽談事物所使用的一種應(yīng)用文體?！庇⒄Z商務(wù)信函的格式與漢語的信函格式有明顯區(qū)別，應(yīng)先確定商務(wù)信函各要素的含義，然后再進(jìn)行得體的翻譯。Definition第9頁，共61頁。Layout & Type第10頁，共61頁。Layout of a Business Letter 商業(yè)信函的格式Three major formsIndented Form 縮格式Blocked Form 齊頭式Modified Blocked F

6、orm 改良齊頭式第11頁，共61頁?？s格式示例日期靠右具體收信人和事由居中段首縮格結(jié)尾敬語和落款偏右第12頁，共61頁。除信頭外全部左對齊段落之間用空格齊頭式示例第13頁，共61頁。案號和日期靠右落款偏右改良齊頭式示例第14頁，共61頁。Envelope Addressing 信封格式第15頁，共61頁。寫信人在上，收信人在下信封格式不一, 根據(jù)收信人名稱地址的寫法通常分兩種格式：縮格式：收信人名稱地址逐行右縮齊頭式：收信人名稱地址左端對齊第16頁，共61頁?？s格式舉例收信人名稱地址：逐行右縮寫信人名稱地址第17頁，共61頁。齊頭式舉例寫信人名稱地址收信人名稱地址：左端對齊第18頁，共61頁

7、。Parts ? 英語商務(wù)信函的構(gòu)成基本部分其他部分信頭(Letter Head),日期(Date), 封內(nèi)地址(Inside Address), 稱呼(Salutation or Greeting), 信的正文(Body of the Letter), 結(jié)束禮詞(Complimentary Close), 簽名(Signature)附件(EnclosureEnc.), 附言(PostscriptP.S.), 經(jīng)辦人姓名(Attention Line), 事由(Subject or Heading), 查號或參考編號(Reference No.), 抄送(Carbon Copy Notatio

8、n C.C.)第19頁，共61頁。英文商務(wù)信函的格式和結(jié)構(gòu)信頭 letter head編號（寫信人的名字縮寫）和日期 The sender name and the date信內(nèi)地址 The inside address事由 The subject heading/主辦人 (Attention)稱呼 The salutation開頭語 The open sentences正文 The body of the letter結(jié)尾語 The complimentary close結(jié)束敬語 The complimentary close簽名 The signature/職務(wù) (Position)打字員

9、或擬稿人員首字母(Initials)附件 (Enclosure/Enc)抄送 (Carbon copy/C.C.)附言 (Postscript/P.S)第20頁，共61頁。標(biāo)題發(fā)函字號收函單位或收件人姓名正文結(jié)束套語發(fā)函單位或發(fā)函人姓名發(fā)函時(shí)間附件中文商務(wù)信函的結(jié)構(gòu)第21頁，共61頁。Opening/Contact Para.Main BodyClosing Para.第22頁，共61頁。Type第23頁，共61頁。建立業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系函 (cooperation intention)產(chǎn)品推銷函 (promotion)資信查詢函 (credit inquiry)詢盤函 (inquiry)發(fā)盤還盤函 (

10、offer and counter-offer)訂購函 (purchase)裝運(yùn)通知函 (shipment)支付結(jié)算函 (payment)索賠函 (claim)保險(xiǎn)函 (insurance)商務(wù)信函分類：10種商務(wù)信函涵蓋了商品交易過程中的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。第24頁，共61頁。Language Features第25頁，共61頁。詞法特征第26頁，共61頁。（1）用詞規(guī)范正式，多用書面語商務(wù)信函用語日常用語中譯文in accordance withaccording to根據(jù)in advance of / prior to before 之前inform / advisetell通知duplicate

11、copy副本dispatchsend發(fā)貨otherwiseor否則thereforeso因此In connection with/ in view ofabout鑒于第27頁，共61頁。我們確認(rèn)已經(jīng)以電報(bào)的方式給你們發(fā)出了一項(xiàng)實(shí)盤，該實(shí)盤成立的條件就是你們的答復(fù)在10月10日之前到達(dá)我們這里。1.現(xiàn)確認(rèn)已向貴方電發(fā)實(shí)盤，10月10日前復(fù)到有效。We confirm that we have sent you a firm offer by telegraph and it is subject to your reply reaching us by October 10. We confir

12、m having cabled you a firm offer subject to your reply reaching us by October 10.第28頁，共61頁。2.We are pleased to advise you that your order NO.105 has been dispatched in accordance with your instruction. 我們很高興地通知你們：第105號訂單貨物已遵照你方指示運(yùn)出。第29頁，共61頁。2）用詞準(zhǔn)確、專業(yè)性強(qiáng)：大量使用專業(yè)術(shù)語、縮略語coverage覆蓋？ 險(xiǎn)種 險(xiǎn)別Your information

13、as to the coverage you would like would be appreciated.敬請告知貴方希望的險(xiǎn)種。 draft草稿 ？ 匯票As to the affairs on negotiation of draft, we would like to have them preformed at the Bank of Taiwan, Taipei.有關(guān)匯票之承兌事宜，本公司希望由臺北的臺灣銀行完成。 第30頁，共61頁。ceiling 天花板？ 最高費(fèi)用We shall write and ask for their ceiling for the adverti

14、sing project and then we can budget accordingly.我們將寫信詢問他們廣告項(xiàng)目的最高費(fèi)用，然后相應(yīng)做出預(yù)算。第31頁，共61頁。Payment shall be made by irrevocable L/C at sight to be opened in our favour.貨款必須用以我方為受益人而開立的、不可撤銷的即期信用證支付。到岸價(jià)CIF (cost, freight and insurance)離岸價(jià)FOB(free on board)成本加運(yùn)費(fèi)CFR (cost and freight)形式發(fā)票proforma invoice第32

15、頁，共61頁。3. 多采用禮貌客氣的措辭1.敬請優(yōu)先考慮上述請求。Your priority to the consideration of the above request will be appreciated.2.懇請寄給我方貴方價(jià)格單和產(chǎn)品目錄。 Please kindly send us your price list and catalogue.3.承蒙早日回復(fù)，不勝感激。 Your early reply is highly appreciated.第33頁，共61頁。4.用詞簡潔明了，盡量避免使用修辭手法感謝貴方合作。I wish to thank you, for you

16、have cooperated with us well.Thank you for your kind cooperation.第34頁，共61頁。句法特征第35頁，共61頁。1. 多用復(fù)合句1. In order to enable us to capture a part of the market for you, we sincerely hope that you will make us a further concession, for example, a discount of 15% instead of 10% as you planned to give us on

17、an order worth approximately US$ 10,000.為使我方替貴方打開一片市場，真誠希望貴方給予我方更多優(yōu)惠，譬如， 按貴方計(jì)劃，訂單總值約10000美元，給予我方15%的折扣，而非10%。 第36頁，共61頁。2. Your company is made up of a strong team of software experts, so you will surely succeed in developing competitive systems with such powerful technical forces. 貴公司擁有一支由軟件專家組成的龐大

18、隊(duì)伍，技術(shù)力量相當(dāng)雄厚，必定能夠開發(fā)出具有競爭力的軟件系統(tǒng)。第37頁，共61頁。2.多用陳述句（1）英語商務(wù)信函多用陳述句，少用祈使句；漢語多使用祈使句。敬請立刻修改信用證以便我方及時(shí)發(fā)貨。 Please immediately amend the L/C to enable us to make timely shipment.We should be obliged for your immediate amendment of the L/C to enable us to make timely shipment.第38頁，共61頁。3. 大量使用套語回復(fù)對方的來信時(shí)用：茲回復(fù)貴方（某

19、日）來函In reply to your letter of (+日期)/ Regarding your letter of (+日期)/ Referring to your letter of (+日期)希望對方回復(fù)時(shí)用：如蒙答復(fù)，當(dāng)不勝感激。/敬請回復(fù)。/敬請（速）回復(fù)。Your kind reply will greatly oblige us. Your (prompt) reply would be appreciated.盼復(fù)Looking forward to your positive/favourable/affirmative reply第39頁，共61頁。收到對方來函時(shí)用

20、：貴函敬悉/貴函收悉We are in receipt of your letter/ We acknowledge receipt of your letter/ We admit receipt of your letter 表示通知對方時(shí)：特此奉告We are pleased to inform you特此函告Notice is hereby given that第40頁，共61頁。隨函附上某物時(shí)用：同函奉上/ 隨函附上 Enclosed we hand/ Enclosed please find/ We are enclosing表示禮貌委婉的語氣用：感謝貴方 Thank you fo

21、r很高興We are glad/ pleased to 對深表感激We are grateful (obliged) for非常遺憾 We regret to甚為遺憾 We are very sorry to第41頁，共61頁。4. 少用否定句請貴方來函內(nèi)容更清楚些，這樣我方便可立即接受貴方報(bào)盤。 a. Your letter is not clear at all and I cannot understand it.b. If I understood your letter correctly, I would immediately accept your offer.第42頁，共61

22、頁。一旦我方收到貴方支票，會馬上填寫訂貨單。a. We cannot fill your order because you failed to send your check.b. We shall be glad to fill your order as soon as we receive your check.第43頁，共61頁。5. 適當(dāng)使用被動結(jié)構(gòu)英語商務(wù)信函適當(dāng)使用被動語態(tài)；漢語則很少使用被動語態(tài)望盡快報(bào)盤。Make the offer as soon as possible.It is hoped that the offer is made as soon as possi

23、ble.第44頁，共61頁。Your prices have been agreed on with one exception.貴公司所提供的價(jià)格已經(jīng)同意，但有一項(xiàng)例外。We shall be obliged if you will let us know your lowest CIF New York price for 100 sets of your classical furniture No. 628.敬請告知貴公司628型100套古典家俱紐約到岸價(jià)的最低價(jià)格。第45頁，共61頁。語篇特征商務(wù)信函術(shù)語比較正式的公文體，行文端正，用字洗練，具有七個(gè)語篇特征，即7”C”原則：禮貌原則

24、(courtesy)體諒原則(consideration)完整原則(completeness) 清楚原則(clarity)簡潔原則(conciseness)具體原則(concreteness)正確原則(correctness)第46頁，共61頁。一、禮貌原則(courtesy)COURTESY譯成“禮貌”。但是根據(jù)西方國家函電書籍作者普遍的看法，所謂COURTESY是“客氣而又體諒人”的意思。這樣的形式很多，現(xiàn)在提供一些常見的供參考： （一） 把命令變成請求的常用形式： Please, Will you., Will you please.,如： a) Will you give us mor

25、e detailed information on your requirement? b) Will you please (kindly) let us hear from you on these two points?第47頁，共61頁。（二） 虛擬式（Past Subjunctive Form）如： a) Would you compare our sample with the goods of other firms? b) We would ask you to ship the goods by the first available vessel. c) We wish y

26、ou would let us have your reply soon. d) This would seem to confirm our opinion. e) We should be grateful if you would help us with your suggestion. f) We might be of some service to you in a similar case. 第48頁，共61頁。（三） 緩和用法（Mitigation） 為了緩和過分強(qiáng)調(diào)或刺激對方，常用: We are afraid, we would say, we may(or, might

27、) say, we(would) think, it seems(or would seem) to us, we(would) suggest, as you are (or: may be) aware, as we need hardly point out等等表達(dá)法來緩和語氣，如：a) It was unwise of you to have done that. We would say that it was unwise of you to have done that.b) You ought to have done it. It seems to us that you o

28、ught to have done it. c) We cannot comply with your request. We are afraid we cannot comply with your request. d) Our products are the very best on the market. We might say that our products are the very best on the market.第49頁，共61頁。二、體諒原則 (consideration)強(qiáng)調(diào)從對方角度考慮問題，體諒對方，以對方為重。多用疑問句或陳述句代替祈使句表示建議或請求。

29、Isnt it time you put your business on the Web?現(xiàn)在不正是您進(jìn)行電子商務(wù)的最佳時(shí)機(jī)嗎？三、具體原則(concreteness)明確不能含糊We regret that a mistake was made in handling your order. The mistake is entirely our own and we apologize for the inconveniences it has caused.第50頁，共61頁。四、完整原則(completeness)Cellulose Tape 1/2x 3yds, with plas

30、tic dispenser 700 doz./ditto-but 1/2“ x 5 yds, 1,000doz.” 這是出口商接到的一份定單中有關(guān)商品品名，規(guī)格和數(shù)量的內(nèi)容?！袄w維素帶（幅）寬半英寸，長碼，帶塑料包裝容器，0打；同上，但（幅）寬半英寸，長碼，打。” 問題是后半句不清楚。 “ditto”在這里表示前面提到的纖維素帶，但不能包括“帶塑料包裝容器”，因此，幅英寸長碼的纖維素帶是否要塑料包裝容器沒有說清楚，不完整。改成： “Cellulose Tape 1/2”x 3yds, with plastic dispenser 700 doz. Cellulose Tape 1/2“ x 5

31、yds，with plastic dispenser 1000 doz.“ 這樣既完整，又清楚明確，不引起誤解。第51頁，共61頁。五、清晰原則(clarity)避免使用可能產(chǎn)生不同理解或意義不明確的詞例如： As to the steamers sailing from Hongkong to San Francisco, we have bimonthly direct services. (從香港到舊金山有直達(dá)船，) 但是bimonthly 究竟是一個(gè)月兩次呢，還是兩個(gè)月一次？不明確。第52頁，共61頁。六、簡潔原則 (conciseness)簡潔是有客觀標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。雖然西方國家的作者之間在

32、怎樣用詞才算簡潔方面還是有爭論的，不過他們的一些看法還是有一定參考價(jià)值的。 怎樣才能使商業(yè)書信“簡潔”？ 西方國家作者有很多建議，先介紹如下：（一） 避免使用陳舊的商業(yè)術(shù)語 陳舊的與傳統(tǒng)的商業(yè)術(shù)語（Commercial jargon）對信的內(nèi)容沒有什么作用，應(yīng)該避免使用。第53頁，共61頁。Wordy: We take liberty to approach you with the request that you would be kind enough to introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your cities.

33、 Would you please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city? Concise: Please introduce to us some exporters of cotton textiles in your city. 第54頁，共61頁。（二） 要長話短說，避免羅嗦 通常商業(yè)人士每天需要閱讀大量的書信，對開門見山，長話短說，直接切題的信特別歡迎。因此， 寫信要力求長話短說， 例如： We express our regret at being unable to fulfill your order on this occasion.改為 We are sorry we cannot meet