考研類歷年真題答案-2018年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試(英語一)試題

1、2018年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試（英語一）試題答案解析Directions:Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points)Tnjst is a tricky business.On the one hand, it s a necessary condition many worthwhile thing

2、s: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your _2_, in the wrong place often carries a high_3_._4一 why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good._5_people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone thaC6_p!easurable feelings

3、 and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to _7_with one another. Scientists have found that exposure_8_this hormone puts us in a trusting _9_: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amou

4、nts of money to strangers than were their0_who inhaled something else.us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may2_us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate_13_a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each_14_to an adult tester hold

5、ing a plastic container.The tester would ask, What s in here? ” before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, Wow! ” Each subject was then invited to look _15_. Half of them found a toy; the other half _16_the container was empty-and realized the tester had7_them. Among the children wh

6、o had not been tricked,the majority were_18_to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. _19_, only five of the 30 children paired with the “_20_ tester participated in a follow-up activity.第1題l.AonBlikeCforDfrom參考答案C答案解析 carved wood, Oriental

7、 rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary. C The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departm

8、ents most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation * s

9、 most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB s granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eis

10、enhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with S

11、ecretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was b

12、uilt from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.Constmction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the larges

13、t office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze baluster

14、s are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constnjcted between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to

15、 the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41C4243F4445笫41題參考答案E答案解析答案：E解析：E段首先介紹EEOB的全稱，對(duì)全文進(jìn)行概述提出話題，可選為41題答案。同時(shí)、從給定選項(xiàng) C第一句提到the State, War, and Navy Building，t

16、he在此特指，可以作為另 個(gè)線索，在E選項(xiàng) 中最后一句，復(fù)現(xiàn)了the State, War, and Navy Building 。故41題答案選E。笫42題 42參考答案G答案解析答案：G解析：C選項(xiàng)最后一句談到了many historic events （建筑內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)了歷史事件），而G選項(xiàng)第一句提到 了 the history of the EEOB（EEOB的歷史），意思一致，承上啟下，故42題答案選G。笫43題43參考答案A答案解析答案：A解析：確定G后，根據(jù)G選項(xiàng)最后一句，the demolition of the State Department Building （談到拆除the

17、State Department Building）, 而A選項(xiàng)中談到 Tselect a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department,建立一個(gè)新的State Department Building,前后意思順接，故43題答案選A。 第44題44查看解析參考答案B答案解析答案：B解析：根據(jù)給定的F段，首句是段落大意,該句提到了as the building slowly rose wing by wing （該建筑逐翼展開）。而B選項(xiàng)第一句談到了 south wing was the first to

18、 be occupied （首先坐落在南翼）， 然后在B選項(xiàng)最后一句乂談到 moved into the east wing （之后乂移至東翼）。先在F段總起，再在 B段中分說，前后對(duì)應(yīng)，故44題答案選B。第45題45參考答案D答案解析答案：D解析：B 段結(jié)尾處談到了 where elaborate wall decorated the office of the Secretary (這些精美的 墻 。裝飾了秘書處的辦公室)，而D段第一句提到了 that have taken place within the EEOB s granite walls (歷史事件在這些EEOB的墻上呈現(xiàn))，t

19、he wall原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，兩句話意思一致，故45 題答案選DoPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare , s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and ach

20、ievement in the drama.(46) By the date of his birth Europe was wimessing he passing of the religious drama、and the creation of new foirns under the incentive of classical t】aedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywh

21、ere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widesprea

22、d desire for dramatic entertainment； and(47) no boy who werH a grammar school could be ignorant hat he diama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a

23、time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48) but he professional companies prospered in their peima

24、nent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these Uieaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pi

25、t; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literaiy drama had been cieated, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its ”eat tiaditions had been beuun.The dev

26、elopment of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of

27、 plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably here is no author of note whose ent

28、ire work has survived.參考答案46、By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy。題目考點(diǎn)代詞還原；并列結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)and 并列兩個(gè)句子，主干分別為:Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation of ；of the religious

29、drama 為定語修飾 the passing； under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy 為狀語重點(diǎn)詞匯witness見證religious宗教的drama戲劇incentive刺激參考譯文莎士比亞出生之時(shí)，歐洲宗教戲劇正在消逝，在古典悲劇和戲劇的推動(dòng)下，很多新的 戲劇形式應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。47、no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece an

30、d Rome and might yet bring honor to England o題目考點(diǎn)定語從句；賓語從句；并列結(jié)構(gòu)句子結(jié)構(gòu)主句主干：no boycould be ignorant that。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾boy, that引 導(dǎo)為形容詞ignorant的賓語從句,which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾a form of literature, gave*,and might bring honor為先行詞a form of literature的并列謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。重點(diǎn)詞匯grammar school文法學(xué)校ignorant忽視literature文學(xué)glory榮耀參考譯文任何文法學(xué)校的

31、學(xué)生都知道戲劇是一種文學(xué)形式，它曾給希臘和羅馬帶來榮耀，也許 同樣會(huì)給英格蘭帶來殊榮。48、But the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literary ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood o題目考點(diǎn)并列句句子結(jié)構(gòu)并列句主干分另為：companies prospered and university men were quick

32、 to重點(diǎn)詞匯professional專業(yè)的prosper繁榮permanent theater永久性劇院參考譯文但是專業(yè)公司的永久性劇院卻興旺起來，于是高校一些有著文學(xué)抱負(fù)的人迅速抓住機(jī) 遇，將其作為一個(gè)謀生手段。49、A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun o題目考點(diǎn)伴隨狀語，并列結(jié)構(gòu)，被動(dòng)語態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu)本句是一個(gè)由and連接的并列

33、句。and前的句子主干為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：a drama had been created, with引導(dǎo)一個(gè)伴隨狀語；and后的句子也為一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)單句：some of its great traditions had been begun o重點(diǎn)詞匯alliance作為名詞意為“聯(lián)盟，聯(lián)合；聯(lián)姻”，常與介詞with進(jìn)行搭配使用。establish 作為動(dòng)詞意為“建立，創(chuàng)辦”，也可引申為“誕生。at least為固定搭配,表示“至少”。tradition 作為名詞表示“傳統(tǒng)，慣例”。參考譯文一種本土文學(xué)戲劇形式誕生了，它與公共劇院結(jié)成聯(lián)盟，至少它的一些優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)開始 登上歷史舞臺(tái)了。5

34、0、To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survivedo題目考點(diǎn)非謂語，賓語從句，定語從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)本句結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜，主句部分為“we must remember”，主句之前的非謂語to realize 作為目的狀語，后接了一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。主句中，兩個(gè)that分別引導(dǎo)了兩個(gè)

35、remember的賓 語從句，其中第二個(gè)賓語從句中，有一個(gè)whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾author of note。重點(diǎn)詞匯realize作為動(dòng)詞表示“實(shí)現(xiàn),了解，認(rèn)識(shí)到“。dramatic為drama的形容詞形式,意 思為“戲劇的，引人注目的，激動(dòng)人心的。survive作為動(dòng)詞表示“幸存，活下來；比活得長”。 hosts of表示“大量的”。參考譯文為了了解戲劇性活動(dòng)有多么偉大，我們必須牢記大量的戲劇已經(jīng)被遺忘了，并且有可 能沒有一位知名作家的所有作品都保留了下來。Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write an email to all i

36、nternational experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name at the end of the email. Use , Li Ming i

37、nstead.(10 points)參考答案51、參考范文Dear professors,On behalf of the Studentsf Union, I am writing this letter to invite all of you to attend the graduation ceremony.The ceremony will be held in the Sports Hall of our university on this Friday morning, from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. The details about the ceremony

38、are as follows. First and foremost, the president will make a speech for the graduates, blessing them to have a bright future. In addition, several experts will be invited to issue certificates to all the graduates.It would be a great honor for us to accompany all of you in the graduation ceremony.

39、Therefore, we all hope that you can spare your time to attend it and we are looking forward to your reply to tell us whether you can attend it or not on that day.Yours sincerely,Li MingPart BDirectionsWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In y essay, you shoulddescribe the pictures briefly;interpret the meaning, andgive your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)參考答案52、參考范文What is exhibited in the cartoon is a sarcastic scene that sitting in front of a computer, a college student is choosing