英語分詞的用法

1、v1.0可編輯可修改 英語分詞的用法英語中的分詞有兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行和主 動意義，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成和被動意義。現(xiàn)將常用的英語分詞的用法歸納如下 1.作定語分詞可用來修飾名詞或代詞，并和所修飾的詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。(1)前置定語單個分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾名詞之前，作前置定語。例如：What exciting news it is!這是多么令人振奮人心的消息！There were a lot of excited people at the concert. 演奏會上,彳艮多人興奮不已。(2)后置定語a、少數(shù)單個分詞(尤其是過去分詞為多)作定語時，

2、也可作后置定語。例如：Make sentences with the words given .用所給的詞造句。The goods ordered will be delivered soon.The money left is far from enough.Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned.b、單個分詞作不定代詞的定語時，要放在被修飾代詞之后，作后置定語。 例如：Is there anything unsolved ?還有沒解決的問題嗎？There is somethi

3、ng missing .有東西丟失了。c、分詞短語作定語時，要放在被修飾名詞之后，作后置定語。這時的分詞 短語相當于一個定語從句。例如：v1.0可編輯可修改 Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree (=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ) 你認識坐在樹下的那個老太太嗎？There comes a girl dressed in red . (=There comes a girl who is dressed in red .)一個穿紅衣服的女孩走過來了。2.

4、作表語分詞作表語，相當于形容詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語通常表示主語所具有的性質(zhì)或 特征，含有“令人的”意思。過去分詞作表語多表示主語所處的情形或狀態(tài)，含有“感 到的”意思。例如：The match was very disappointing .這場比賽令人失望。They were very disappointed .他們都非常失望。.作補語 (1)作賓語補語a、分詞作賓語補足語，賓語和現(xiàn)在分詞(主動意義)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，賓語和過去分詞(被動意義)有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。分詞通常用在see , hear, watch , notice , feel , find 等感官動詞或 have ,get ,

5、 make等使役動詞的賓語之后，補充說明賓語的動作或狀態(tài)。例如：I found the man beating his dog there . (=I found that the man was beating his dog there .)我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個人在那兒打狗。I found the man beaten black and blue . (=I found that the man wasv1.0可編輯可修改（1）時間狀語 beaten black and blue .）我發(fā)現(xiàn)那個人被打得渾身青一塊紫一塊兒的。過去分詞在動詞have , get之后作賓語補足語時，常常表示這動作不是由

6、主語完成的，而是由別人完成的。例如：I want to have my shoes repaired . （= My shoes are repaired by somebody .）我想修鞋。b、現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作賓語補足語在意義上有所不同?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補 足語，表示動作正在進行，即動作處在發(fā)生過程中，還沒有結(jié)束；而不定式作賓語補足語表示 動作的全過程，即動作已結(jié)束了。例如：I saw him going out .我看見他正在往外走。（正在發(fā)生 ）I saw him go out .我看見他出去了。（全過程）Do you hear someone knocking at the door

7、你聽見有人在敲門嗎（正在發(fā)生）Yes , I heard him knock three times .是的，我聽見他敲了三下。（全過程）（2）作主語補足語帶有分詞作賓語補足語的句子如果改為被動語態(tài)時，分詞不變，但這時分詞 就不再作賓補足語，而是作主語補足語。例如：A man was seen sitting under the tree .看見有個人坐在那棵樹下。The door was found opened. 發(fā)現(xiàn)門被打開。.作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，一般句子主語就是分詞的主語。v1.0可編輯可修改 分詞作時間狀語相當于when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，若兩個動作同時發(fā)生，可以在分詞前加入連詞w

8、hen或while 。例如：Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up . (= Whenthe students saw the teacher entering the room, they stood up .)(=When the earth學(xué)生們看到老師進來，都站了起來。Seen from the moon , the earth looks like a ballis seenfrom the moon,it looks like a ball從月球上看，地球像個圓球。(2)原因狀語分詞作原因狀語時相當于a

9、s, since或because所引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。例如：Not knowing what to do about it, I asked my teacher for advice .(=Because I didn t know what to do about it , I asked my teacher for advice .) 由于我不知道該怎么辦，就征求老師的意見。Encouraged by his speech , the students decided to work hard. (= Asthe students were encouraged by his spee

10、ch, they decided to work hard .)受他講話的鼓舞，學(xué)生們決定努力學(xué)習(xí)。(3)條件狀語分詞作條件狀語時相于if或unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，也可在分詞短語前加if或unless 。例如：Reading more carefully , you ll learn something new. (= If you read more carefully , you ll learn something new .)如果你讀得更認真些，你就會學(xué)到一些新東西。Given another chance , he ll succeed .(= If he is given

11、anotherchance , he ll succeed .)如果再給他一次機會，他一定會成功。(4)結(jié)果狀語v1.0可編輯可修改 分詞作結(jié)果狀語時相當于that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句或并列句。例如:The bottle dropped to the ground ,breaking intopieces . (=The bottledropped to the ground that it broke into pieces瓶子掉在地上摔碎了。The old writerdied all ofa suddenleavinghis worksand he left his worksunfini

12、shed . (=The old writer died all of a sudden unfinished .)這位年邁的作家沒有完成他的著作就突然離開人世了。(5)讓步狀語分詞短語作讓步狀語相當于讓步狀語從句。例如：Tired , the old man continued to work . (= Even though the 01d man was tired , he continued to work .) 盡管老人累了，他仍繼續(xù)干活。Although built many years ago, the machines are still working in perfect order.(= Although the machines were made many years ago, they are still working in perfect order.)雖然這些機器是很多年前