福建專用2022年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題五非謂語動詞課件北師大版

1、專題五非謂語動詞-2-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法1考查非謂語動詞做賓語、賓語補足語、主語和表語的用法1.不定式、動詞-ing形式做賓語高考對非謂語動詞做賓語的考查主要體現(xiàn)在:一些動詞(如:decide)后接不定式做賓語的用法;動詞-ing形式做介詞的賓語及一些動詞(如:imagine)后接動詞-ing形式做賓語的用法。此外,部分動詞(如:forget)后接動詞-ing形式與不定式的區(qū)別也是考查的重點。-3-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題1】(2019全國卷)Scientists have responded by(note) that hungry bears may be congregating a

2、round human settlements.解析:所填的詞位于介詞by后面做賓語,所以用動詞-ing形式。故填noting。考法總結(jié)空格前有介詞by,提示詞為note,由此可知此處應(yīng)用動詞-ing形式做賓語。-4-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題2】(2015課標(biāo)全國卷)In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without (use) electric equipment.解析:句意:除了樸素之美

3、外,令人贊嘆的是這些土坯房具有不使用電氣設(shè)備就能進(jìn)行空氣調(diào)節(jié)的能力。介詞without后面用名詞或動詞-ing形式做賓語。故填using。考法總結(jié)空格前有介詞without,提示詞為use,由此可知此處應(yīng)用動詞-ing形式做賓語。-5-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題3】I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.解析:句意:我聽到在我后面有個乘客朝司機喊,但他拒絕停車,直到我們到了下一站。refuse后接動詞不定式做賓語,意為“拒絕

4、做某事”。故填to stop。考法總結(jié)首先根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示詞為動詞判斷是用謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞;進(jìn)一步分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中已有謂語動詞refused,因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;再考慮refuse后常接動詞不定式做賓語,便可得出答案。-6-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法2.非謂語動詞做主語(1)不定式做主語,通常表示某一次具體的動作;動詞-ing形式做主語通常表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的概念。(2)考查以it做形式主語,動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式做真正主語的用法。-7-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題4】(ignore) the difference between the two research findi

5、ngs will be one of the worst mistakes you make.解析:句意:忽視這兩項研究結(jié)果之間的差異將是你所犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯誤之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子的謂語部分是will be,one of the worst mistakes是表語,you make是省略關(guān)系代詞的定語從句,修飾mistakes。很顯然,“ the difference between the two research findings”是主語部分,結(jié)合語境可知設(shè)空處用動詞-ing形式做主語。故答案為Ignoring?？挤偨Y(jié)對于長句,應(yīng)分析其句子成分。先找到句中的謂語部分,即will b

6、e,可知其前面的整個短語為句子主語,需用動詞-ing形式。-8-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題5】But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months.It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.解析:句意:但是這條河并非是在幾日之內(nèi)甚至是幾個月之內(nèi)改變的。減少工業(yè)污染和凈化河水花費了多年的努力。It takes/took(sb) some time to do sth.為固定句型,意為“做某事花費(某人)多長時間”。故

7、填to reduce。該句型中,it做形式主語,動詞不定式為真正的主語?？挤偨Y(jié)首先根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示詞為動詞判斷是用謂語動詞形式還是非謂語動詞形式;進(jìn)一步分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中已有謂語動詞took,且有it做形式主語,便考慮此處為固定句型:It took(sb) some time to do sth.。-9-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法3.非謂語動詞做賓語補足語(1)不定式做賓語補足語表示在謂語動詞發(fā)生后所發(fā)生的動作。(2)在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官動詞后,若接省略to的不定式做賓語補足語,表示動作已完成;若接動詞-ing形式,表示動作正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞做賓語補足語表示

8、被動、完成。此外,在with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中,非謂語動詞做賓語補足語的用法也是高考的?？键c之一。-10-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題6】The manager was satisfied to see many new products (develop) after great effort.解析:句意:經(jīng)過一番努力之后,看到許多新產(chǎn)品被開發(fā)出來,經(jīng)理感到很滿意。此處為see sth done結(jié)構(gòu),動詞develop與賓語many new products之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系,故用過去分詞做賓語補足語表示被動、完成。故答案為developed?？挤偨Y(jié)提示詞為動詞,且句中已有謂語was satis

9、fied to see,應(yīng)考慮此處為“動詞(see/hear/feel/watch/notice等)+名詞或代詞+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu);再根據(jù)所給的動詞和其邏輯主語的關(guān)系確定答案。-11-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題7】The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog followed them.(改錯題)解析:句意:這對老夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后在公園里散步,他們的寵物狗跟在后面。with their pet dog.為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),follow與其邏輯主語dog之間為主謂關(guān)系,即dog 是foll

10、ow動作的執(zhí)行者,應(yīng)該用動詞-ing形式做賓語補足語。故把followed改為following。考法總結(jié)分析句子成分可知,句末是一個with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),再考慮做賓語補足語的動詞follow與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系為主謂關(guān)系便可看出錯誤所在。-12-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法4.非謂語動詞做表語高考對非謂語動詞做表語的考查主要有:不定式做表語的用法(表示預(yù)計要發(fā)生的動作)、動詞-ing形式做表語的用法(說明主語的特征,意為“令人的”)和過去分詞做表語的用法(說明主語的狀態(tài),意為“感到的”)。【典型例題8】His right hand got (burn),in that big fire.解析:本題考查“ge

11、t+過去分詞”表示狀態(tài)。got在該題中為連系動詞,且burn與his right hand之間為動賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去分詞做表語。因此答案為burned或burnt?？挤偨Y(jié)給出的提示詞為動詞,并且句中也有了謂語動詞got,考慮設(shè)空處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞;再分析burn與其邏輯主語his right hand之間的關(guān)系可判斷應(yīng)用過去分詞。-13-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法2考查非謂語動詞做狀語的用法高考對非謂語動詞做狀語的主要考查點有:動詞-ing形式做狀語,表示主動和進(jìn)行,或表示自然而然的結(jié)果;過去分詞做狀語表示被動和完成;動詞不定式做狀語表示目的。此外,only to do表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,以及“主語

12、+系動詞+形容詞(表情感)+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式的用法也常在高考中出現(xiàn)。-14-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題9】(2019全國卷改編)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations.are expensive (perform) consistently over a large area.解析:分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本題是“名詞+be+形容詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu),所以填to perform?？挤偨Y(jié)本題考查“主語+系動詞+形容詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)。 -15-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題10】Anxiously,she took the dress

13、 out of the package and tried it on,only (find) it didnt fit.解析:句意:她急切地從包裹里拿出裙子穿上,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)它不合身。only to do表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。故填to find。考法總結(jié)給出的提示詞為動詞,句中已有謂語動詞took和tried,故此處考慮用非謂語動詞做狀語;再根據(jù)空前的only及句意可判斷此處為“only+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。-16-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法考法3考查非謂語動詞做定語的用法高考對非謂語動詞做定語的考查主要有:不定式做定語,表示在謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的將來動作;動詞-ing形式做定語,表示主動和進(jìn)行;過去分詞做定語,表

14、示被動和完成?！镜湫屠}11】(2016浙江卷改編)To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a study (conduct) in Australia in 2012.解析:研究是“被實施的”,且已經(jīng)于2012年完成,表示“被動和完成”用過去分詞。故填conducted?？挤偨Y(jié)所給詞為動詞,空格前為名詞,因此應(yīng)考慮設(shè)空處做定語修飾名詞,再分析該名詞與提示詞之間的邏輯關(guān)系可以判斷出此處應(yīng)用過去分詞。-17-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法【典型例題12】(2015課標(biāo)全國卷)Abercrombie & Kent,a

15、 travel company in Hong Kong,says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.解析:句意:香港的一家旅游公司Abercrombie &Kent說,它經(jīng)常在這兒為住在上海和香港的人安排方便的度假。該句的謂語動詞是arranges,所以此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞;people和live之間是主動關(guān)系,故填living做后置定語。答案為living?？挤偨Y(jié)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)快速找到謂語動詞arranges,從而判斷此處應(yīng)填非謂語動詞;再根據(jù)邏輯主語pe

16、ople與live之間為主動關(guān)系,確定用動詞-ing形式。-18-基礎(chǔ)考法能力考法分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),辨別“謂語與非謂語”首先判定所給動詞是否充當(dāng)句子的謂語,如果是,就用謂語形式;如果句子中并不缺謂語,則用非謂語形式。【典型例題】(2016全國卷)It could be anythinggardening,cooking,music,sportsbut whatever it is,(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.解析:句意:它可以是園藝、烹飪、音樂、運動等任何事情

17、,但無論是什么,務(wù)必保證它是讓你釋放日常壓力的而不是讓你擔(dān)憂的事。動詞原形置于句首,構(gòu)成祈使句。故填make。-19-.單句語法填空1.(2019天津卷改編)(learn) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.2.(2019天津卷改編)Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially (design) to help them succeed academically and persona

18、lly.3.(2019江蘇卷改編)(enjoy) the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smartphones.4.(2019江蘇卷改編)Chinas image is improving steadily,with more countries (recognize) its role in international affairs.5.(2019江蘇卷改編)A city is the product of the human hand and mind,(reflect) mans i

19、ntelligence and creativity.Learning designed To enjoy recognizing reflecting -20-6.In my opinion,giving someone a hug and holding their hands(comfort) them can only be done in person.7.Brian finds his smartphone functioning much faster,(install) a new operating system.8.An elderly man,Jean Papich,84

20、,sat in the drivers seat,(turn) the key and hitting the gas skilfully.9.(use) the Internet to communicate with others may be easier,but it lacks many qualities that a face-to-face conversation possesses.10.Youd better get yourself (prepare) for the winter.Its cold here.to comfort having installed tu

21、rning Using prepared -21-1.Dear classmates,isnt it time that we got down to make learning plans?2.Eve said she would rather to watch a movie with friends or take part in some outdoor activities.makemaking刪除to3.With her eyes filling with tears,Jean came to Mr Lis office to explain what had happened.f

22、illingfilled-22-4.Last Friday,I was standing near a subway exit,tried to call a taxi.But no luck.5.Eat more fruit and vegetables but less meat is commonly thought as a healthy habit.triedtryingEatEating6.The announcement was presented as a letter writing by the couple to their new baby boy,Max.writi

23、ngwritten7.After the adventure,I have hundreds of interesting stories share with my families.share前加to-23-8.Looked at the cute and happy dog today,Paul realises that he was right to take him home.9.Under these conditions,the only choice to developing global economy is cooperation.LookedLookingdevelo

24、pingdevelop10.Comparing with letters and public phones,mobile phones are much more convenient.ComparingCompared-24-Colourful fruit and vegetables are helpful to our health.Their 1.(nature) colours help protect our bodies from disease.Think about the colours of fruit and vegetablesthe red of tomatoes,the orange of carrots,the green of apples and the purple of grapes.You can enjoy 2.