深圳金卷2016屆中考英語第二部分基礎(chǔ)語法復(fù)習(xí)

1、第二部分基礎(chǔ)語法此部分為初中階段必須掌握的語法，講解較為詳細(xì)，共分為15個專題。每個專題由?？键c知識清單和鞏固訓(xùn)練組成。?？键c知識清單對所涉及考點，精講細(xì)析。鞏固訓(xùn)練是針對所講考點進(jìn)行鞏固性地針對訓(xùn)練，有助于學(xué)生夯實考點。一、構(gòu)詞法歷年來構(gòu)詞法在中考中也占有一定比例，它主要考查的是一些派生詞，即前綴和后綴，同時也考查一些合成詞。了解一些構(gòu)詞法的知識有助于我們快速擴(kuò)大詞匯量，提高閱讀能力和解題速度。下面我們就一起來學(xué)習(xí)一下吧！常考點知識清單（研習(xí)考點）幾種主要的構(gòu)詞法合成法合成法即把兩個單詞連在一起合成一個新詞，前一個詞修飾或限定后一個詞。例：fireman消防員，babysit照看嬰孩，man

2、-made人造的派生法在詞根前面加前綴或在詞根后面加后綴構(gòu)成一個與原單詞意義相近或截然相反的新詞叫做派生法。例：unhappy不開心的，retell復(fù)述，reader讀者轉(zhuǎn)化法把一個單詞從一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化成另一種詞性而詞形不變的方法叫作轉(zhuǎn)化法。例：orangen.橘子orangeadj.橙色的answern.答案answerv.回答縮略法：縮略法是指將單詞省略一部分，使其縮短，在讀音和寫法上呈現(xiàn)新的形式。例：laboratorylab實驗室refrigeratorfridge冰箱縮寫法：縮寫法是取一個詞或幾個詞的代表部分再進(jìn)行組合的一種構(gòu)詞方法。例：UnitedNationsUN聯(lián)合國VeryIm

3、portantPersonVIP貴賓常見的前后綴考點一：前綴意義前綴例詞表示dis-disappear消失，disagree不同意否定il-illegal不合法的意義im-impossible不可能的，impolite無禮的意義前綴例詞in-incorrect不止確的，independent獨立的ir-irregular不規(guī)則的，irresponsible不負(fù)責(zé)任的mismistake弄錯，misunderstand誤解un-unnecessary不必要的，unfair不公平的表示重復(fù)rerewrite重寫，rebuild重建表示“使”enenable使能夠，enrich使豐富對點集訓(xùn)：用所給

4、單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Donttelllies.Nobodylikesthose(honest)people.Theboydoesntshowgoodmannerstoothers.Hes(polite).Yourpasswordis(correct).Pleasetryagain.Theydidntactuallybreaktherules.Itwas(fair)topunishthem.TheInternet(able)ustoknowwhatshappeningintheworld.Itis(legal)forchildrenunder18todrinkinabarorbuyanyalco

5、holinastoreinAmerica.考點二：后綴詞性后綴例詞名詞后綴-erfarmer農(nóng)民，stranger陌生人-ordirector導(dǎo)演，inventor發(fā)明家-essactress女演員，waitress女服務(wù)員-istartist藝術(shù)家，scientist科學(xué)家-cianphysician醫(yī)師，musician音樂家-eseChinese中國人，Japanese日本人-anAmerican美國人，European歐洲人-thtruth事實，youth青年-ydifficulty困難，discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)-shipfriendship友誼，leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)-hoodch

6、ildhood童年，neighborhood附近詞性后綴例詞mentachievement成就，development發(fā)展-alarrival至U達(dá)，refusal拒絕-ion/-sion/-ation/-action/-cation/-itioneducation教育，decision決定invitation邀請，competition競賽-ingbuilding建筑物，meeting會議-ityelectricity電力，activity活動-ance/enceappearance夕卜貌，difference差異-domfreedom自由，kingdom王國-nesskindness仁慈，

7、illness疾病動詞后綴-enwiden加寬，weaken使變?nèi)?ifybeautify使變美,simplify使簡易-ize/-iserealize意識到，modernize使現(xiàn)代化形容詞后綴-able/-iblecomfortable舒適的，responsible負(fù)責(zé)的-alcultural文化的，musical關(guān)于音樂的-ic/-icalscientific科學(xué)的，historical歷史的-ishfoolish愚蠢的，childish孩子氣的-fulcareful仔細(xì)的，thankful感謝的-lesshomeless無家可歸的，endless無止境的-lyfriendly友好的，l

8、ively活潑的-enwooden木制的，golden金黃色的-ernwestern西部的，northern北部的-ysnowy多雪的，lucky幸運的-ous/-iousfamous著名的，serious嚴(yán)肅的-ant/-entpleasant令人愉快的，excellent極好的-iveactive積極的，expensive昂貴的-edexcited興奮的，pleased咼興的-inginteresting有趣的，surprising令人驚訝的副詞后綴-lyquickly迅速地，suddenly突然地-wardeastward向東，forward向前對點集訓(xùn)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Its

9、(danger)toplayfootballinthestreet.Thereare(different)betweenthetwins.Look!How(happy)Maryislaughing!Hehopeshissonwillbecomea(music).Theyplanto(building)ahotelhere.Be(care)whenyoucrossthestreet.鞏固訓(xùn)練(夯實考點)按要求寫出下列單詞的詞形變化寫出下列單詞的名詞形式1.kind2.foreign_4.safe3.agree5.meet6.know7.arrive8.importantii.寫出下列單詞的形容詞

10、形式1.friend2.China_3.luck4.success_5.north6.pride_7.sun8.wood單句語法填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)MariaSharapovaisanoutstandingtennis(play).ManyforeignersenjoyChinesefashion,(especial)theTangcostume.Mygrandfatherthinksthatkidshavetoomuch(free)thesedays.Wecantgoouttohaveapicnicbecauseitisraining(heavy)outside.Thedocto

11、rsaidthathermotherneededan(operate).Itwas(fool)ofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldwalkthereinfiveminutes.TheCityCouncilhasadetailedplanto(beauty)thecity.Annahadafeveryesterday,soshewas(able)togotoschool.Suchanimportantproblemshouldbediscussed(serious).Thelecturewasso(bore)thatsomepeoplefellasleepwhileliste

12、ning.Toimproveyourwritingskills,youdbetter(development)ahabitofreading.Thispairofshoesismadebyhand,anditfeelsvery(comfort).Thetimeistooshort.Its(possible)forJacktofinishthework.Youmustbe(hunger)afterthelongwalk.Helpyourselftosomecakes.Alotoftreesareplantedaroundhereeveryyear,andwecan(enjoyable)fresh

13、erairnow.、名詞?？键c知識清單(研習(xí)考點)考點一：可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式1.規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-spenpens;doctordoctors;mapmaps以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾加-esbusbuses;boxboxes;watchwatches;brushbrushes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾將y變?yōu)閕再加-esfactoryfactories;familyfamilies以兀音字母加y結(jié)尾只加-Sboyboys;daydays以0結(jié)尾加-esNegroNegroes;heroheroes;potatopotatoes;tomatotomatoes巧記：黑人英雄喜歡吃土豆和西

14、紅柿。(兩人兩菜)加-sphotophotos;radioradios;pianopianos以f或fe結(jié)尾將f或fe變?yōu)関再加-eswifewives;thiefthieves;shelfshelves;knifeknives;wolfwolves;halfhalves;leafleaves;lifelives巧記：妻見小偷架下藏，手拿小刀想殺狼，誰知落下半片葉，砸在頭上一命亡。加-sroofroofs不規(guī)則變化manmen;womanwomen;childchildren;footfeet;toothteeth;goosegeese;mousemice巧記：男女孩子腳步牙鵝加老鼠。單復(fù)數(shù)相

15、同：sheepsheep;deerdeer;fishfish注意：fish強(qiáng)調(diào)魚的條數(shù)的時候，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；強(qiáng)調(diào)魚的種類的時候，復(fù)數(shù)形式要加-es，即fishes。某國人變復(fù)數(shù)的歌訣：中日不變英法變，其余-s加后面。ChineseChinese;JapaneseJapanese;EnglishmanEnglishmen;FrenchmanFrenchmenAmericanAmericans有些名詞本身是復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：clothes;pants;trousers;jeans;shorts;glasses;people等。注意：people當(dāng)“人們”講時，本身是復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)“民族”講時，是單數(shù)形式，

16、其復(fù)數(shù)要在末尾加-s。如:apeople;56peoples復(fù)合名詞的數(shù)一般情況下把后面一個名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，作定語的名詞不變。agirlstudentfivegirlstudents;anappletreetenappletrees由man和woman構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時要把名詞和man/woman同時變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。amandoctorthreemendoctors;awomanteachersixwomenteacherssport作定語修飾其他名詞時，無論主題詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)，sport通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。asportsclub;sportsshoes注意：時間名詞作定語有兩種形式：兩天的假期a

17、two-dayholiday或twodaysholiday十分鐘的路程aten-minuteride或tenminutesride對點集訓(xùn)：漢譯英。五個西紅柿five_八個桃子eight_5.許多小孩alotof兩把刀two一些女作家some_6.四名美國人four用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Thelittlebabyhastwo(tooth)already.Therearethree(bedroom)inthishouse.Hisparentsworkindifferent(factory).Therearemany(sheep)onthehill.考點二：不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，前

18、面不能用不定冠詞a/an修飾，但可用much,alotof/lotsof,plentyof,some,little,alittle等修飾。作主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Thereissometeainthecup.茶杯里有些茶。不可數(shù)名詞還常用“數(shù)詞/不定冠詞+量詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”來表示不可數(shù)名詞的量。apieceofpaper一張紙，twocupsoftea兩杯茶，aglassofwater杯水，threebottlesofpop三瓶汽水。作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于of前面的名詞的數(shù)。Therearethreeglassesoforangejuiceonthetable.桌子上有三杯橘子

19、汁。對點集訓(xùn)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。alittle(milk)some(meat)alotof(time)three(cup)ofcoffeemuch(money)two(pair)oftrousersII.根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。Thereissome(面包)onthetable.Ihavesomegood(消息)foryou.Ihavealotof(作業(yè))todotoday.Wecangetalotof(信息)fromtheInternet.考點三：名詞所有格1.s所有格情況方法例子單數(shù)名詞加Smyfriendsuncle我朋友的叔叔以S結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加TeachersDay教師

20、節(jié)不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加SChildrensDay兒童節(jié)表示兩人共有在取后一個名詞后加SLucyandLilysmother露西和莉莉的媽媽表示各自所有在每個名詞后分別加SLucysandLilysrooms露西的房間和莉莉的房間of所有格主要用于表示無生命事物的所有關(guān)系。thenameofthefilm電影的名字thecoverofthebook書的封面雙重所有格“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞/名詞所有格”構(gòu)成雙重所有格形式。afriendofhers她的一個朋友afriendofMikes邁克的一個朋友對點集訓(xùn)：漢譯英。婦女節(jié)Day湯姆的朋友friend我父親的書mybook房間的門thed

21、oorthehouse今天的報紙newspaper十分鐘的休息tenrestII.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。The(city)sceneryisverybeautiful.Atlast,hearrivedatthe(doctor)attwentytofive.Theboyinblueisafriendof(Lucy).Weshouldlearnthose(players)teamspirit.考點四：專有名詞專有名詞是指人、地方、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等特有的名稱。它的第一個字母必須大寫。專有名詞前一般不加冠詞。表示人名、尊稱和頭銜的專有名詞Einstein愛因斯坦PresidentObama奧巴馬總統(tǒng)D

22、octorLin林博士/林醫(yī)生QueenElizabethII伊利莎白女王二世MrBrown布朗先生注意：人名的前面若有尊稱或頭銜，如Mr(先生)，President(總統(tǒng))等時，其第一個字母也要大寫。表示國名、地名、山河名的專有名詞Korea韓國Paris巴黎PacificOcean太平洋Mississippi密西西比河Mt.Qomolangma珠穆朗瑪峰表示團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)和報刊的專有名詞MuseumofPostalHistory郵政博物館ChinaDaily中國日報SydneyOperaHouse悉尼歌劇院HarvardUniversity哈佛大學(xué)表示星期、月份和節(jié)日的專有名詞Monday星期

23、一March三月NationalDay國慶節(jié)由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞theNorthPole北極theRiverNile尼羅河theForbiddenCity紫禁城theBund上海外灘theGreatWall長城theTempleofHeaven天壇theWhiteHouse白宮theTerracottaWarriors兵馬俑thePeoplesRepublicofChina中華人民共和國注意：上面列舉的由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前要用定冠詞“the”，但它的首字母不大寫。鞏固訓(xùn)練(夯實考點)選出可以替換劃線部分的最佳選項Whatpresentwillyoubuyforyoursistersb

24、irthday?Apairofshoes.A.giftB.adviceC.dateJack,Ihavedifficultyrememberingnewwords.Youarenotalone.Ihavesuchaproblem,too.A.funB.timeC.troubleWehadaconversationinthelivingroomlastnight.A.lessonB.restC.talkTheH7N9birdfluisa(n)diseasewhichcanbeverydangerous.Thatsright.Itmaycausepeopletodie.A.animalB.illne

25、ssC.ruleCanyoufindabetterwaytoearnmoremoney?A.truthB.methodC.pathWhereisthestatue?Well,itsinthecentreofthesquare.A.middleB.backC.frontTheauthorchangedhisviewsafterhetalkedtoafarmer.A.opinionsB.topicsC.articlesWeshouldnotjudgeapersonbyhisappearance.Iagreewithyou.A.voiceB.behaviorC.looksIsitMikewhomad

26、ethemistake?Yes.Hehasadmittedit.A.errorB.wishC.nameDoyouhaveanysuggestionsforme?Yes.Ithinkyoushouldbecarefulwithyourdiet.A.examplesB.adviceC.agreements選出恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯完成句子ItisanEnglishtohaveafternoontea.A.menuB.festivalC.traditionIhearyouhavetogetupearlyeverymorning.Right.Itsoneoftheofmyfamily.A.plansB.jobsC

27、.rulesIamtired.Thisisnottherighttoaskmetogoforawalk.Isee.Thenletsmakeitanotherday.A.momentB.chanceC.placeMoreandmorepeoplecometovisitMountHuangshan.Thatstrue.IthasbecometheofAnhui.A.prideB.effortC.courageWhenPetercomes,pleaseaskhimtoleavea.OK,Iwill.A.noticeB.messageC.sentenceThetwocitieshavereacheda

28、ntodevelopscienceandtechnology.Thatsgreat!A.educationB.agreementC.invitationLetsgototheRoseRestaurant.OK.Ihearitisarestaurantwithgood.A.balanceB.serviceC.experienceYoudbetterreadthefirstbeforeyouusethecamera.A.websitesB.expressionsC.instructions單句語法填空(用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)Thiskindofsuitwillbesoldfor$600,whi

29、chisfarmorethanitsreal(valuable).Thisis(LucyandLily)bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.UncleWangboughttwo(watch)formeyesterday.Look,myshirtisthesameasyour(brother).Myteachergavememuch(advise)onhowtostudyEnglishwellwhenIhadsometrouble.Therearetwenty(manteacher)inourschool.IsawlotsofAmericansandseve

30、ral(Japanese)inthehall.Canyoumake(room)fortheoldman?Mr.KingsandMr.Whites(wife)aresonice.Therearemany(Frenchman)visitingthisplace.Itisa(please)formetostaywithyou.Ourschoolwillhavea(sport)meetingnextweekend.Thanksforgivingmesomuch(information).Itsfive(minute)walkfromheretomyhome.Whatsthe(long)ofthisri

31、ver?語篇填空閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空。Treesareoneoftheoldestcitizens(公民)ofourearth.Justlikeus,treeschangealotwhentheygrow.Atonetothreeyearsold,youngtreeslearnhowtoprotectthemselves.Forexample,many1.(tree)growthorns刺()totellanimalsnottogonear.Mostyoungtreeshavelarge,deepgreen

32、2.(leaf)sothattheycancatchenough3.(sunlight)andchangeitintotheirfoodand4.(energetic).Whentreesare4yearsold,theybegintogrowveryfastandbecomestrongenoughtofacechallenges(挑戰(zhàn))in5.(live).Attheageofl5,treesbecomeyoungadults.Theygrowmoreslowlyandbegintoproduce6.(flower)andfruit.Itisnotuntilthetreesare20to2

33、5yearsoldthattheybecomerealadults.Thetreesreachtheirlargestsizes.Adulttreesgiveusmanythingssuchasoxygen(氧氣)andnatural7.(beauty).Ifwegivethemgood8.(careful),theywillgoontolivehealthilyformanyyears.Astimegoeson,treesbegintogrowolderandolderandevendie.Atthistime,theystillhavetheirimportantplacein9.(nat

34、ural).Inmanyways,thelife10.treesislikeourownlifeexperience.Enjoyeveryminuteofthelifeofthetreesandtakecareofthem!三、代詞?？键c知識清單（研習(xí)考點）考點一：人稱代詞1.人稱代詞的分類人稱主格賓格單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱Iwemeus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hetheyhimthemsheheritit人稱代詞的用法人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語，賓格作動詞或介詞的賓語Wearemiddleschoolstudents.我們是中學(xué)生。Iwrotealettertohimlas

35、tweek.上周我給他寫了一封信。注意：人稱代詞作表語時，在口語中常用賓格。人稱代詞的語序幾個人稱代詞并列作主語時，其順序是：單數(shù)：二、三、一；復(fù)數(shù)You,sheandIwillstudyinagroup.你、她還有我將在一個組里學(xué)習(xí)。We,youandtheyareallstudents.我們、你們還有他們都是學(xué)生。巧記：人稱代詞的排列順序人稱代詞并列觀，注意順序禮貌見。單數(shù)并列二、三、一，復(fù)數(shù)并列一、二、三。對點集訓(xùn)：根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的漢語提示完成句子。（他）knowsalotaboutChinesehistory.TOC o 1-5 h zTotellyouthetruth,Idontlike

36、（她）.Ilostmybook.NowIamlookingfor（它）.Do（你）wanttohaveatry?（我們）shouldworkhard.Theboxistooheavy.Canyouhelp（我）?考點二：物主代詞1.物主代詞的分類人稱形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myourmineours第二人稱youryouryoursyours第三人稱histheirhistheirsherhersitsits巧記：物主代詞分兩家，形、名詞性各一霸。his,its無變化，my,mine牢記它。其余變化規(guī)律化，形容詞性后面加尾巴(-s)物主代詞的用法形容詞性物主代詞放

37、在名詞前作定語。Thatisourclassroom.那是我們的教室。注意：在某些固定短語中，形容詞性物主代詞要隨人稱而變化。如:do/tryonesbest,changeonesmind,dooneshomework,ononeswayto,saveoneslife等。名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”，可作主語、表語或賓語Thisisyourpen.Mineisinmypencilcase.這是你的鋼筆。我的在我的鉛筆盒里。用于雙重所有格中，即“a/an+名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。Heisafriendofmine.他是我的一個朋友。巧記：物主代詞的用法物主代詞兩類型，形容

38、詞性、名詞性。形容詞性作定語，后面定把名詞用。名詞性，獨立用，主賓表語它都充。對點集訓(xùn)：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(you)dressisverybeautiful.Thegirlinredis(she)eldersister.Ihaveadog.(it)nameisStrong.Thatsnotmydietionary.(I)isonthedesk.Mycomputerischeaperthan(he).Theglovesare(their).考點三：反身代詞1.反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式數(shù)人稱單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)第一人稱myselfourselves第二人稱yourselfyourselves第三人稱him

39、self,herself,itselfthemselves反身代詞的用法(1)作賓語，位于及物動詞或介詞之后。TheboyteacheshimselfEnglish.這個男孩兒自學(xué)英語。(2)作主語或賓語的同位語，用以加強(qiáng)語氣，可以放在主語之后或句尾Johnhimselfdidthework.=Johndidtheworkhimself.約翰親自做了這項工作。注意：反身代詞不可作定語，常用“onesown”表示“某人自己的”。Thisismyowncar.這是我自己的小汽車。反身代詞常用于一些固定搭配中teachoneself;learn.byoneself;enjoyoneself;devo

40、teoneselfto;cometooneself;saytooneself;helponeselfto;byoneself;foroneself;ofoneself對點集訓(xùn)：用適當(dāng)?shù)姆瓷泶~填空。Pleasehelptosomefruit,children.Theyenjoyedatthepartylastnight.TOC o 1-5 h zNoonehelpedhim.Hediditby.Theboxisnotheavy.Icanmanageit.Sheisselfish;shecaresonlyfor.ThankstotheInternet,theworldisbecomingamuc

41、hsmallerplace.考點四：扌指示代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)指近處thisthese指遠(yuǎn)處thatthose作主語、賓語、表語Thisisachair.這是一把椅子。在電話中，用this(我)表示打電話者，用于介紹自己，用that(你)詢問對方。Hello!ThisisBob(speaking).Whosthat?你好！我是鮑勃。你是哪位？that和those可以用在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中，以避免重復(fù)。that代替前面提到的單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞；those代替前面提到的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofRussia.中國的人口比俄羅斯人口多。對點集訓(xùn)：根據(jù)

42、漢語意思完成下列句子。你好，鮑勃。這位是杰克。Hi,Bob.isJack.那些不是我們的書。arenotourbooks.我不喜歡那個人。Idontlikeman.這些禮物都是給你的。giftsareallforyou.這個單詞是什么意思？Whatdoeswordmean?鄉(xiāng)村的空氣比城市的空氣清新。Theairinthecountryiscleanerthaninthecity.考點五：疑問代詞1.常見的疑問代詞及其基本用法疑問代詞基本用法例句who作主語、表語或賓語（作賓語時，不能位于介詞后面）Whoareyouwaitingfor?你正在等誰？whomwho的賓格形式，作賓語Withwh

43、omdidyougo?你和誰一起去的？whosewho的所有格形式，作主語、表語、賓語或定語Whosebookisit?它是誰的書？what作主語、表語、賓語或定語Whatishedoing?他正在做什么？which作主語、表語、賓語或定語Whichoneisbigger?哪一個更大？what與which的區(qū)別what用于選擇范圍較大或不明確的場合which用于選擇范圍較小或較明確的場合。Whichisbetter,thisoneorthatone?哪一個更好，這個還是那個？who與what在口語中的用法區(qū)別Whoishe?意思是“他是誰？”詢問的是某個人的身份或姓名等。Whatishe?意思

44、是“他是干什么的？”，詢問的是某人的職業(yè)。Whoishe?他是誰？HeisJennysbrother.他是珍妮的哥哥。Whatishe?他是做什么的？Heisadoctor.他是個醫(yī)生。對點集訓(xùn)：用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柎~填空。doyouprefer,thisoneorthatone?Wevelostallourmoney.shouldwedo?walletisthis?Isityours,Jack?areyouwaitingfor?Mary.isthegirloverthere?Shesmysister.areyourparents?Theyareteachers.考點六：不定代詞不指明代替任何特定名

45、詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。不定代詞分為普通不定代詞和復(fù)合不定代詞。普通不定代詞主要有：some,any,both,all,another,other,each,either,neither,none,one,afew,few,alittle,little,many,much等。幾種常見的普通不定代詞的用法辨析(1)one與it相同點單詞用法例句為了避免同一名詞重復(fù)使用，常用one冷1MrZ-Ur5=foneone所代替的是前面提到的同類事物，但不是同一個Icantfindmypen.IthinkImustbuynewone我找不到我的鋼筆了。我想我必須買一支

46、新的?；騣t來代替刖面提到的某個單數(shù)名詞itit所代替的是前面提到的那個特指的事物Iboughtanewpenyesterday,andIgaveittomysister.我昨天買了一支新鋼筆，我把它送給我妹妹了。(2)some與any相同點單詞用法例句修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞some陳述句Therearesomeboysplayingfootball.有一些男孩們正在踢足球。疑問句Wouldyoulikesomewater?你想喝些水嗎？any否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句Thereisntanymeatinthefridge.冰箱里沒有肉了。(3)both,all,neither,none,ei

47、ther與any之一都都不適用范圍兩者eitherbothneither三者或以上anyallnone固定短語both.and.（連接兩個主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)）either.or.（連接兩個主語，謂語動詞遵循就近原則）neither.nor.Allchildrenliketoys.所有的孩子都喜歡玩具。Noneofuslikescomedies.我們中沒有人喜歡喜劇片。例句Hereisonlyoneticket.Eitherofyoucanwatchthefootballmatch.這里只有一張票。你們兩個人中只有一個人能觀看足球賽。(4)little,alittle,few與afew很少；幾

48、乎沒有（表否定）幾個；一點兒（表肯定）修飾可數(shù)名詞fewafew修飾不可數(shù)名詞littlealittle例句Dontworry!Thereisalittletimeleft.另著急！還有一點兒時間。Hehasafewfriendshere,buthehasfewgoodfriends.在這里他有幾個朋友，但是幾乎沒有好朋友。(5)other(s),theother(s),another概念泛指剩下中的一部分（不用the）特指剩下中的全體（要用the）數(shù)成分作主語/賓語作定語（其后加名詞）作主語/賓語作定語（其后加名詞）單數(shù)anotheranotherbooktheothertheotherbo

49、ok復(fù)數(shù)othersotherbookstheotherstheotherbooks3.復(fù)合不定代詞-one-thing-bodysome-someonesomethingsomebodyany-anyoneanythinganybodyevery-everyoneeverythingeverybodyno-noonenothingnobody（1）一般情況下，由some構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用在肯定句中；由any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞用在疑問句和否定句中；由no構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞表示否定意義。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.我有事要告訴你。Icantseeanything.我什么也看

50、不見。TheresnothingIcando.我什么也做不了。（2）形容詞或else修飾不定代詞時，通常位于不定代詞之后。Doyouwantanythingelse?你還想要其他的東西嗎？對點集訓(xùn)：選詞填空。Wouldyoulikecoffee?(some/any)Thereareamistakesinyourexercises.(few/little)Therearetreesonsideofthestreet.(either/both)Herearetwobooks.Youcanonlytakeofthem.(one/it)Thisshirtisalittleshort.Pleasesho

51、wmeone.(another/other)Themathproblemistoodifficult.canworkitout.(Everybody/Nobody)考點七：代詞it的用法it用來指除人以外的一切生物和事物，可指時間、距離、天氣、溫度、度量等。Whatstheweatherliketoday?今天天氣怎樣？Itssunny.很晴朗。it可用來代替指示代詞this和that。Whatsthis/that?這/那是什么？Itsanapple.是蘋果。it指嬰兒或不明身份的人。Isitaboyoragirl?是男孩還是女孩？it代替動詞不定式作形式主語。Itsimportantforu

52、stoworkhard.努力工作對我們來說很重要。it代替動詞不定式作形式賓語。Ifounditeasytoworkoutthemathproblem.我發(fā)現(xiàn)算出這道數(shù)學(xué)題很容易。對點集訓(xùn)：用合適的代詞填空。israiningheavilyoutside.Thisisnotmydictionary.isLilys.is8oclock.Letsgotoschool.isnecessaryforustoexerciseeveryday.Howfarisfromheretothecinema?Hefindsdifficulttochangehermind.鞏固訓(xùn)練(夯實考點)選出可以替換劃線部分的最

53、佳選項Itwillbemyturn.Ifeelalittlenervous.Believeyourself.Youcandoevervthingwell.eachthingB.somethingC.anythingNotallpeopleliketoworkbuteveryonelikestoplay.A.SomeB.AllC.EveryIhavegreatdifficultyinfinishingtheworkbymyself.Couldyouhelpme?Noproblem.A.aloneB.lonelyC.onlyTheyenjoyedthemselvesatthewelcomingpa

54、rtylastnight.feltsadhadagoodtimehatedeverythingLinda,Icalledyouthismorning,butnobodyansweredthephone.Imsorry.Iwasplayingfootballwithmyfriendsthen.A.nooneB.someoneC.anyoneSomestudentsoftenwastewateratschool.Itsnotright.Weshouldstopthem.A.LotsofB.AfewC.ManyIdontknowwheretogothissummervacation.WhynotconsidervisitingXian?Therearemanyplacesofinterestthere.A.someB.alotofC.fewJane,isthisyourdictionary?Yes,itsmine.Thankyou.A.herdictionaryB.yourdictionaryC.mydictionaryWhywasthegirlsohappy?Becauseshegotmuchpocketmoney.A.noB.littleC.lotsofExcuseme,sir.Theshoesarea