人教版被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法

1、2021/8/9 星期一1被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)：（The passive voice)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示句子的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。即：某事被如何如何了。如：1. A great deal of water is used in this city.2. The house was built in 1978.3. He will be sent to work in Tibet.4. His bike is being repaired now.5. His money has been stolen.2021/8/9 星期一2注：只有及物動(dòng)詞才可能有動(dòng)作的承受者，所以只有及物動(dòng)詞才可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

2、。動(dòng)詞詞形變化：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)其實(shí)質(zhì)就是動(dòng)詞的詞形變化。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成： be(助動(dòng)詞) + -ed(及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)：被動(dòng)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化完全取決于助動(dòng)詞 be 的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化，而其后的 - ed 是不變化的：2021/8/9 星期一3一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：is / are + -ed一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was / were + -ed一般將來(lái)時(shí)：will be + -ed過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：would be + -ed現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：is / are being + -ed過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：was / were being + -ed現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have(has) been + -ed過(guò)去完成時(shí)：had be

3、en + ed由上表中我們可以看出，不管是何種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，助動(dòng)詞 be 是不可不用的。2021/8/9 星期一4被動(dòng)態(tài)的應(yīng)用范圍：有的時(shí)候人們說(shuō)話時(shí)偏重于事情本身而不是做事情的人，比如：這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃制定得很完善；This plan has been made perfectly. 有的時(shí)候不可能、不必要將從事某種動(dòng)作的人說(shuō)出來(lái)，比如：這里啥時(shí)新出了一家商店？When was this newly built shop operated here? 在這樣的情境下都需用到被動(dòng)態(tài)。被動(dòng)態(tài)中如果需要出現(xiàn)行為人，則需用上 by, 如：歷史是由人民創(chuàng)造的。History is created by th

4、e people.2021/8/9 星期一5被動(dòng)態(tài)中若出現(xiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞 be 無(wú)需變化。1. Wood can be used to make paper.2. Who should be praised?3. These books must not be taken out of the room.4. Chocolate may be sent to him as a present.5. He will be sent to work in the North-east.2021/8/9 星期一6被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)各種時(shí)態(tài)練習(xí)：（請(qǐng)注意以下各句中動(dòng)詞形式，尤其是助動(dòng)詞 be 的變化形式。1.

5、 I was told to wait for him right here.2. English is mostly spoken in the English-speaking countries.3. The project will be finished in two years.4. He told me that my bike would be used after school.5. My homework has been handed in beforehand.2021/8/9 星期一76. A steel plant is being built in this ci

6、ty now.7. He told me that the proposal was being considered at the meeting.8. He said that the e-mail had been sent to his friend through the Internet.2021/8/9 星期一8give, lend, offer, ask等需要兩個(gè)連帶成分，一個(gè)指人，另一個(gè)指事物，如：Mother gave me a tie as my birthday present. 被動(dòng)態(tài)既可以用“人”作為述說(shuō)對(duì)象，也可以以“物”作為述說(shuō)對(duì)象：A: I was given

7、 a tie by my mother as my birthday present.B: A tie was given (to) me as my birthday present.這樣的句子多用“人”作為述說(shuō)對(duì)象。2021/8/9 星期一9動(dòng)詞詞組用于被動(dòng)態(tài)：A：保留介詞或副詞：This film is often talked about.The baby was looked after by Aunt Lucy.All your compositions must be handed in after class.This work shouldnt be given up.202

8、1/8/9 星期一10B: take care of, pay attention to, set fire to, make use of, take hold of 等詞組內(nèi)含有名詞的詞組，有兩種變化：其一，將其看作一個(gè)詞，將其后的連帶成份作為述說(shuō)的對(duì)象：The patient must be taken good care of.或者將該詞組內(nèi)部的名詞作為述說(shuō)對(duì)象：Good care must be taken of the patient.在這種情況下多數(shù)采用上一句英文的說(shuō)法。請(qǐng)變化下面句子：2021/8/9 星期一111. You should pay more attention

9、to your reading.2. Someone had set fire to the house.3. We must make full use of these natural resources.4. You can take notice of the key words when reading.2021/8/9 星期一12練習(xí)2021/8/9 星期一13用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改換下列各句：1. My father will repair my bike for me.My bike will be repaired by my father for me.2. I have found

10、 my wallet.My wallet has been found.3. She told me to wait here for her.I was told to wait her for her2021/8/9 星期一144. The police will surely arrest the murderer.The murderer will surely be arrested by the police.5. They invited Mr. Green to make a speech.Mr. Green was invited to make a speech.6. Th

11、e students clean their classroom every day.Their classroom is cleaned by the every day students.2021/8/9 星期一157. You mustnt take those books out of the reading-room.Those books mustnt been taken out of the reading-room.8. I dint tell you the girl could do the job.You wasnt told by me that the girl c

12、ould do the job.2021/8/9 星期一1610. They are serving breakfast between six and nine oclock.Breakfast is being served between six and nine oclock.9. Do people speak English in your country?English is spoken in your country?2021/8/9 星期一1711. He gave me a present.I was given a present. A present was give

13、n to me.12. Mother often tells her children a story at bed time.Children are often told a story at bed time by mother.A story is often told by mother to children at bed time.2021/8/9 星期一1813. You must pay attention to your writing.Your writing must be paid attention to.Attention must be paid to your writing.2021/8/9 星期一1914. We must take good care of this sick little girl.This sick lit