杭州專版2022年中考英語第26講形容詞與副詞精講本課件

1、 名 詞考情分析預(yù)測形容詞與副詞考點20212020201920182017形容詞詞義辨析40、47、50題(完形填空)40題(完形填空)37、39題(完形填空)36題(完形填空)39、49題(完形填空)副詞詞義辨析38、47題(完形填空)41題(完形填空)40、43題(完形填空)45題(完形填空)形容詞和副詞的比較等級57題(語法填空)39題(完形填空)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空58題(語法填空)51、59、60題(語法填空)52、60題(語法填空)51、56題(語法填空)56、59、60題(語法填空) 名 詞形容詞與副詞 分析近五年杭州中考真題可知，形容詞、副詞的考查頻率高、涉及題型多。在完形

2、填空中一般會考查3題形容詞、副詞詞義辨析；在語法填空中，主要考查動詞派生形容詞，形容詞派生副詞等形式，或者考查其比較級或最高級，一般情況下都需要變形；在單詞拼寫中，主要考查形容詞和副詞的拼寫。近五年常考形容詞如下：形容詞與副詞Aactive(2019.37)Ccrowded(2018.63)comfortable(2019.52)Ddifficult(2018.36；2019.39)Hhappy(2017.49)higher(2018.39)Llonger(2017.59)lucky(2020.51)Oold(2021.40；2021.57)other(2021.50)Rready(2020.

3、40)Sstrict(2021.47；2020.68)Ppatient(2018.66)prettier(2019.64)Wweak(2017.39)Uuseful(2018.56)近五年?？几痹~如下：形容詞與副詞Aalso(2017.45)as(2017.60)actually(2019.65)Cclosely(2017.56)certainly(2018.64；2019.60)Eespecially(2017.68)even(2019.41)earlier(2020.65)Iinstead(2018.43)LLuckily(2018.40)Pprobably(2018.51)proudly

4、(2020.38)Qquickly(2020.47)Rreally(2020.59)Sso(2020.60)Uusually(2021.58)【中考要求】1.理解形容詞和副詞的基本用法。2.正確使用常見的疑問副詞when，where，how和why。3.記住常用形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級形式。4.正確使用形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級。形容詞與副詞考點探究突破概念用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞，叫作形容詞。作用作定語You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.你能在花園里見到許多美麗的花朵。作表語Your coat

5、 is too small.你的外套太小了。作賓語補足語The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.那位年老的婦女保持一切東西干凈整潔?？键c1：形容詞考點探究突破形容詞的位置形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況中后置：用法示例修飾用some，any，every，no和body，thing，one等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞時后置。nobody absent everything possible以-able，-ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后。the best book availablethe only solution pos

6、sible表示長、寬、高、深及年齡的形容詞。a bridge of 50 metres long形容詞短語一般后置。a man difficult to get on withelse修飾疑問詞和不定代詞時。what else，something else考點探究突破注意：1.有些形容詞只能作定語。如：little(小的)，only(唯一的)，wooden(木質(zhì)的)，elder(年長的)，woolen(羊毛質(zhì)的)等及復(fù)合形容詞man-made(人造的)，kind-hearted(好心的)，English-speaking(說英語的)，take-away(可以帶走的)等。2.有些形容詞只能作表語

7、。如：alone(孤獨的)，asleep(睡著的)，awake(醒著的)，alive(活著的)，well(健康的)，ill(病的)，frightened(害怕的)等?？键c探究突破3.有些形容詞貌似副詞。如：friendly(友好的)，lively(生動的)，lonely(孤獨的)等。4.有些形容詞與定冠詞the連用，表示一類人或物。如：We should respect the old and love the young.我們應(yīng)該尊老愛幼。Its not polite to laugh at the blind or the deaf.取笑盲人或聾人是不禮貌的。5.多個形容詞作定語時，通常按

8、“外觀(評價)大小(長短、高低、形狀等)年齡/新舊顏色國籍(地區(qū)、出處等)材料”的順序排列。如：a beautiful tall building一棟漂亮而高大的建筑物a large yellow Chinese coat一件黃色的中式大衣1.(2021阜新改編)Nothing is i_ if you put your heart into it.2.(2021威海改編)Zongzi is the t_ food for the Dragon Boat Festival.3.(2021常州改編)Zhang Jing is thought highly because of her p_ tr

9、anslation.4.(2021吉林改編)The Changjiang River is about 6,300 kilometers l_.5.(2020貴港)On such a hot day， I am tired and t_. Please give me some water.mpossibleraditionalerfectonghirsty考點探究突破考點2：副詞A)副詞的構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成方法示例與形容詞同形。early 早(期)地；hard 努力地；late 遲，晚；high 高高地形容詞后直接加-ly。quickquickly 迅速地slowslowly 緩慢地carefulc

10、arefully 細(xì)心地beautifulbeautifully 漂亮地以y結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y改為i，再加-ly。luckyluckily 幸運地easyeasily 容易地happyhappily 快樂地busybusily 忙碌地考點探究突破元音字母加e結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉e，再加-ly。truetruly 真實地以le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去掉e，再加-y。possiblepossibly 可能地comfortablecomfortably 舒服地其他形式的副詞。often 經(jīng)常；too 太；very 非常考點探究突破B)副詞的句法功能成分用法例句作狀語修飾動詞。He works very har

11、d on his subject.他努力攻克自己的課題。 修飾形容詞。Its quite impossible for her to do it.她不可能做這件事。 修飾其他副詞。She speaks English very beautifully.她英語說得很好。 修飾整個句子。Luckily，she had got another chance.很幸運，她得到了另一個機會。 考點探究突破作表語主要指主語的方向、方位、動作情況。The light is on.燈亮著。When will you be back？你將何時回來？作定語表示時間或地點的副詞，可以作定語，一般要后置。The bui

12、lding there looks very grand.那兒的那座樓房看起來很壯觀。The comrades here are all very kind to me.這兒的同志對我都非常友善。作補語主要說明賓語或主語所處的位置、狀態(tài)。Did you see anybody in？你看到里面有人嗎？Children should be kept away from the river.不要讓孩子們靠近這條河?？键c探究突破C)副詞的位置及順序說明例句幾個不同副詞并列作狀語時，其順序比較靈活，在句末一般順序為：方式副詞地點副詞時間副詞。Ive seen him somewhere before.

13、我以前在哪兒見過他。John drove his car quickly on the road yesterday afternoon.昨天下午，約翰在路上把小汽車開得很快。頻度副詞(always，often，never等)常放在實義動詞之前，be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后。I have never seen a man more hard-working than him.我從未見過比他更勤奮的人。We must always keep our teeth clean.我們必須始終保持牙齒清潔。修飾整個句子的副詞常常位于句首。Fortunately，the rain stopped bef

14、ore we started.幸運的是，在我們動身前雨停了。Honestly，I know nothing about this project.說實話，我對這個項目一無所知?？键c探究突破副詞修飾動詞時，常位于不及物動詞之后、及物動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語之后。The nurse looks after the babies carefully.護士仔細(xì)照看嬰兒。When we have trouble，she always helps us patiently.當(dāng)我們遇到困難時，她總是耐心地幫助我們。副詞修飾形容詞或副詞時，通常放在形容詞或副詞的前面。These flowers are quit

15、e beautiful.這些花很漂亮。Its rather difficult to tell who is right.很難判斷誰是對的。時間副詞和地點副詞：小在前，大在后。I go to work at seven oclock in the morning every day.我每天早上7點去上班。I met him at a bar in a small town in New York.我在紐約的一座小鎮(zhèn)的酒吧里遇到了他。6.Seeing a bird resting by the window， the boy moved _(quiet/quietly) to have a lo

16、ok at it.7.If one of your friends sends you a message to borrow money on the Internet， youd better phone him _(direct/directly) first to make sure of that.8.China has formed a deep friendship with other countries around the world.Its true. We are working _(closely/close) together in many fields.quie

17、tly directly closely hardly，properly，always，clearly9.In order to send the medicine to the hospital as soon as possible， the drivers _ stopped to eat or rest during the journey.10.You can bravely tell others what you think if you have different ideas. But _ remember to choose the proper way.11.We sho

18、uld realize that everyone has his own habits， so we must treat others _.12.Mind map is a kind of reading method. It means you draw a picture about the article you have read and it can express the ideas _.hardly always properly clearly考點探究突破考點3：比較等級在做比較等級的題時，要遵循以下步驟：1.讀懂句意，明確空格處所缺內(nèi)容的詞義，熟悉題干語境；2.分析句子結(jié)

19、構(gòu)，尋找題干是否有比較等級的標(biāo)志詞(如：than/in/of.)或固定結(jié)構(gòu)(如：one of.，as.as.等)，確定使用比較級還是最高級；3.對于不規(guī)則變化的形容詞或副詞，根據(jù)所學(xué)知識慎重選擇。A)比較等級的變化規(guī)則規(guī)則變化考點探究突破類別構(gòu)成方法原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞直接加-er，-est。 young youngeryoungest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的加-r，-st。nicenicernicest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，則雙寫這一輔音字母，再加-er，-est。bigbigger biggestfatfatter fattest hothotter hot

20、test輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加-er，-est。happyhappier happiest healthy healthierhealthiest 考點探究突破多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞有些雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞，在詞前加more，the most。importantmore important the most important carefulmore carefulthe most careful注意：1.new，few，slow，clean等詞以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，且發(fā)的是長元音，不用雙寫。2.以形容前綴un構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述規(guī)則。如：unhappyunh

21、appierunhappiest，untidyuntidieruntidiest考點探究突破不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar距離 fartherfarthest 程度furtherfurthestold年齡olderoldest輩分eldereldest考點探究突破B)比較等級的常考句型級別比較程度表達(dá)方式和意義例句原級同等程度肯定形式as原級as(和一樣) He is as tall as his brother.他和他的哥哥(弟弟)一樣高。 否定形式n

22、otso/as原級as(不如那樣)She does not study so/as well as I do.她學(xué)習(xí)不如我好。考點探究突破比較級不同程度(用于兩者比較) 比較級than(比)Jim is older than Luke.吉姆比盧克年長。 the比較級ofthe two其他(A是兩者中較的)Xiaoming is the taller of the two boys.小明是這兩個男孩子中較高的一個。特殊疑問詞be比較級，A or B？ Which ball is bigger，the blue one or the red one？哪個球更大，藍(lán)色的還是紅色的？程度加深 比較級a

23、nd比較級(越來越) He is growing taller and taller.他越長越高。 The比較級，the比較級(越，越) The more books she reads，the more she will understand.書讀得越多，她懂得越多?？键c探究突破最高級最高程度(用于三者或三者以上)the最高級可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)of/in/among.(中最) Tom is the tallest student in his class.湯姆是他們班最高的學(xué)生。one of the最高級可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)in/of/among.(中最之一) Beijing is one of the

24、biggest cities in China.北京是中國最大的城市之一。the序數(shù)詞最高級可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)in(范圍)(第幾) She is the second tallest girl in our class.她是我們班第二高的女生。特殊疑問詞(the)最高級，A，B or C？ Which season do you like best，spring，summer or autumn？你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)，春天、夏天或秋天？特殊比較級形式表最高級含義比較級thanany other單數(shù)名詞(比任何一個人/物都)He is taller than any other boy in his cl

25、ass.他比班上的其他任何男孩都高。考點探究突破注意：1.修飾形容詞和副詞原級的詞(組)有：really，very，so，too，quite，a little，rather，pretty等。2.修飾形容詞、副詞比較級的詞(組)有：much，far，a lot，a little，a bit，even，any等。3.比較級thanany other名詞(單數(shù))(比較對象屬同一個范圍)比較級thanany名詞(單數(shù))(比較對象不屬于同一個范圍)如：China is larger than any other country in Asia.中國比任何亞洲國家都大。Shanghai is larger

26、 than any city in Shandong.上海比山東任何一個城市都大?？键c探究突破【歸納】 判定比較等級的方法(1)當(dāng)句子中有than時，通常要用比較級。(2)比較級也有可能設(shè)置在一定的特殊句型中，可結(jié)合特殊句型的知識點進行記憶。(3)當(dāng)句中沒有任何提示而選項為不同等級時，首先要根據(jù)句意來判斷，同時注意一些修飾比較級的常用詞，如句子中有表示程度的副詞，如：a little 少許，少量；a bit 稍微，有點兒；a lot 很，非常；much 十分，非常；even 甚至；still 還，仍然；far 遠(yuǎn)的，遙遠(yuǎn)的；rather 相當(dāng)；any 任何一個(或一些)等修飾時，用形容詞比較級

27、。(4)三者或三者以上進行比較時，用最高級。這類句子中一般有表示范圍的詞of或in短語。13.Bob is _(young) than Fred but _(tall) than Fred.14.Ying Tian is not as _(tall) as Yong Xian.15.Almost all the students faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than before the holidays.16.Which is _ (heavy) ， a hen or a chicken？17.How _ (tall) is

28、Sally？Shes 1.55 meters _ (tall). What about Xiao Ling？ Shes only 1.40 meters _(tall). She is much _(short) than Sally. She is also the _ (short) girl in the class.youngertallertallfatterheaviertalltallshortertall the shortest18.He is _at learning math. He is much _at Chinese and he is _ at English.(

29、bad)19.Annie says Sally is the _(kind) person in the world.20.He is one of _(friendly) people in the class， I think.21.A dictionary is much _(expensive) than a storybook.22.An orange is a little _(big) than an apple， but much _ (small) than a watermelon.23.The Yangtze River is _(long) river in China

30、.bad worse the worst kindestthe most friendlymore expensivebiggersmallerthe longest24.Sue is a little _(beautiful) than her sister.25.My room is not as _ (big) as my brothers.26.How difficult is physics？ Im not sure. Is it _(difficult) than math？I dont think so.27.Annie plays the piano very _. Sue p

31、lays it _than Annie. And Sally plays it _.(well)more beautifulbigmore difficultwellbetter the best28.Saturday is my _(busy) day in a week.29.Her mother is getting _and _.(fat)30.I think its too expensive. Id like a _(cheap) one.31.He comes to school much _(early) than me.32.This book is not as _(int

32、eresting) as that one.33.Your classroom is _(wide) and _(bright) than ours.34.Practice as _(much) as you can.35.The _(much)， the _(good).busiestfatter fattercheaperearlierinterestingwiderbrightermuchmorebetter36.Nowadays English is _(important) than any other subject, I think.37.Most of the students

33、 think a lion is much _ than a bear and it is _ animal in the world.(dangerous)more importantmore dangerousthe most dangerous專題二 用形容詞、副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空答題步驟與技巧 技巧一：如何判斷空處應(yīng)填形容詞還是副詞：填形容詞的情況：1.位于系動詞后，作表語。如：The dish you made looks so nice.你做的菜看起來很棒。2.位于名詞前，作定語。如：Our colourful middle school life is coming to an e

34、nd.我們多姿多彩的初中生活即將結(jié)束。3.位于復(fù)合不定代詞之后，作定語，修飾復(fù)合不定代詞。如：There must be something interesting in his new movie.他的新電影里一定還有一些有趣的東西。專題二 用形容詞、副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空答題步驟與技巧 4.位于賓語之后，作賓語補足語，常與make，leave，keep等動詞連用。如：Please keep the school clean and tidy.請保持校園干凈整潔。5.在as.as.結(jié)構(gòu)中，且空前有系動詞。如：I am as tall as you.我和你一樣高。填副詞的情況：1.修飾動詞、形容詞

35、或其他副詞。如：She put the glass down carefully.她小心翼翼地放下玻璃杯。專題二 用形容詞、副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空答題步驟與技巧 2.位于實義動詞之前或be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后，修飾整個句子。如：She usually goes to school by bus.她通常乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。3.位于句首，作狀語，修飾整個句子。如：Recently，I have been very busy.我最近很忙。4.在as.as.結(jié)構(gòu)中，且謂語動詞為實義動詞。如：I can run as fast as you.我可以和你跑得一樣快。專題二 用形容詞、副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空答題

36、步驟與技巧 技巧二：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)語境和句中所缺的成分來判斷形容詞該做哪種變形。具體可參考以下方法：形容詞 名詞判斷方式：(1)冠詞a/an/the名詞。如：The Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a wonder of the world.(2)用于名詞修飾名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：food safety(3)形容詞或形容詞性物主代詞名詞。如：her shyness，good health(4)介詞名詞。如：in danger(5)位于句首作主語，如：Wealth is less important than many things.專題二 用形容詞、副詞的適當(dāng)形式填空答