雅思寫作語法-定語從句(基礎版)

1、兩大基本概念：Many companies employ people who has red hair.先行詞：?被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。 一般由: 名詞,代詞,短語,句子引導詞/關系詞：? 引導定語從句的詞叫引導詞。 引導詞是區(qū)分主句和從句的重要標準。_找出句子主干1. When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque

2、in favor of another person.2. If youre unsure about things, each floor has an elected “floor senior” who is usually a student in their third or fourth year of study whos been at Smith House for a while. (劍2,T2,L)3. If everything they do must have some educational or academic relevance, then they wil

3、l soon get tired of studying altogether, which is the last thing parents would want. (劍3,G,TA,W)4, As you can see, the building youre in now which contains this main lounge, the dining room, the recreation room, the kitchen and the offices was part of the original old house, built in the 1840s to be

4、 used by the family of George Smith.(劍2,T2,L)引導詞關系代詞：that， which, who，whom，whose關系副詞：when，where，why關系代詞 that：(1) 先行詞：人/物(2) 在從句中作成分：主，賓，表【練1/2】受到嚴重威脅的語言是那些只有老人在說的語言。 (劍4，T2，R）The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly. 4Qs: 主干；先行詞；引導詞；在從句中成分【練2/2】 懷疑電腦將會帶來的好處很重

5、要。（劍1,G,W）Q1: 主干It is important to doubt/suspect the benefits.Q2：先行詞 -benefitsQ3: 引導詞 -thatQ4: 在從句中成分： -賓語Its important to be suspicious of the benefits that computer will bring. which：【用法一】： = that(1) 先行詞：物(2) 在從句中成分：主，賓，表【用法二】：(1) 先行詞：整個句子(2) 在從句中成分：主，賓，表(3) 特點：which前出現逗號?！揪?/2】工業(yè)化國家的這項指標從8.3年上升到1

6、0.2年，這表明工業(yè)化國家的受教育年限明顯加長了。（劍3，T3，W）In industrialized countries, this number rose from 8.3 to 10.2, which shows that the length of education in industrialized countries is significantly longer.4Qs:主干；先行詞；引導詞；在從句中成分【練2/2】 1994到1995年期間出現了很大的增長，這種情況在未來的幾年里很可能還會持續(xù)下去。（劍3，T2，W）Q1: 主干There emerged a great in

7、crease.Q2: 先行詞 - 整句話Q3: 引導詞 -whichQ4: 在從句中作成分： 主語There emerged a great increase from 1994 to 1995, which likely continued into the following years. who：(1) 先行詞：人(2) 在從句中成分：主，賓，表【練1/2】我想跟你談談一位特殊的老師，他對我的教育產生了重大影響。（劍3,T1,S）I would like to tell you about a special teacher who had a big influence on my e

8、ducation.4Qs:主干；先行詞；引導詞；在從句中成分【練2/2】 這一定會有害于居住和工作在半徑5英里范圍內的所有人。（劍3,G,TB,W）Q1：主干This must be harmful to all the people.Q2: 先行詞 -peopleQ3: 引導詞 -whoQ4: 在從句中成分：主語This would definitely be detrimental to all the people who work or live within a five-mile radius. whom：(1) 先行詞：人(2) 在從句中成分：賓，表【辨析】He is the s

9、tudent _ we are talking about.He is the student _ is talking about us. whose：(1) 先行詞：人/物(2) 在從句中成分：定語(3) 特點： whose + n. -主賓表【練1/2】 過了一段時間，世界的生產轉向其價值與大小和重量沒有關系的貨物。（劍6，T1，R）Over time, world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight.4Qs:主干；先行詞；引導詞；在從句中成分【練2/2】 對于那些

10、工作安穩(wěn)的人來說，加薪幾乎是不可能的。（劍6，T3，R）Q1: 主干：For some people, it is impossible to increase the salary.Q2: 先行詞 - peopleQ3: 引導詞 -whoseQ4: 在從句中成分 whose+ job , 主For those people whose jobs are secure, it is impossible to increase the salary.練習：填空1. These are lots of business people _ come to China to work and do

11、business. (劍3,T3,S)2. The field was launched, and the term “artificial intelligence” coined, at a conference in 1956 by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy, Herbert Simon and Alan Newell, all of _ went on to become leading figures in the field. （劍5,T3,R)3. The council,

12、_ was founded in 1996, certifies fisheries that meet high environmental standards, enabling them to use a label that recognizes their environmental responsibility.（劍7,T4,R）4. Sea ports have been transformed by the advent of powered vessels, _ size and draught have increased. （劍2,T2,R）作業(yè)：關系代詞先行詞在從句中成

13、分其他特點ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose關系副詞 when-時間狀語(1) 先行詞：表示時間的名詞（time; day; year; date; moment)(2) 在從句中成分：時間狀語（從句中基本結構完整）【練1/2】 April Fools Day is that special day when you should play a joke on someone! Childrens favorites are to put salt in the sugar bowl for Dads morning coffee or put chalk on a desk chai

14、r at school so the teacher gets a white backside! But remember, if you play a joke after 12 noon, YOU are the April Fool!4Qs:主干；先行詞；引導詞；在從句中成分【練2/2】 這是能保證充足食物來源的時候。 （劍5，T4，R）Q1: 主干This is the time.Q2: 先行詞： -timeQ3: 引導詞： -whenQ4: 在從句中成分：時間狀語（從句完整）This is a time when adequate food resources will be as

15、sured. where-地點狀語(1) 先行詞：表示地點的名詞(2) 在從句中成分：地點狀語（從句中基本結構完整）【練1/2】 Pavarotti, Opera Star Finds Creative Passion in PaintingTenor Luciano Pavarotti holds a handkerchief whenever he sings in concert. Yet in real life he is more likely to be found holding a paintbrush. For his great love is painting vivi

16、dly-colored pictures of Italian villages and seascapes. What he likes best about painting is its contrast to opera, where the challenge is to use ones talents to bring to life the works of others. “When I finish a canvas, I feel I have created a world.4Qs:主干；先行詞；引導詞；在從句中成分【練2/2】 在北京，有一些著名的茶館，在那里你可以坐

17、下來喝茶.（劍3，T3，S）4Qs.In Beijing there are some famous teahouses where you can sit and drink tea. why-原因狀語(1) 先行詞：表示原因的名詞（reason)(2) 在從句中成分：原因狀語（從句中基本結構完整）【練】發(fā)生這種變化的一個主要原因就是電視的影響力增大了。 (劍3，G，TB，W）4Qs.One of the major reasons why this change has happened is the increased influence of TV. 練習一（引導詞）：1. Since

18、 the early years of the twentieth century, _ the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. (劍4,T4,R)2. The action tak

19、es place in underground cities _ the environment is controlled by computers. (劍5,G,TB,R)練習二: 改錯1. Id really like to find a friend that I can trust him completely.【擴展】判斷先行詞原理：，先行詞，從句是否完整THE END復習(定語從句）1，概念（先行詞，引導詞）2，引導詞（關系代詞，關系副詞）練習:1. 改錯Despite much research, there are still certain elements in the

20、life cycle of the insect that is not fully understood.Key:-is : are知識點: 定語從句中的主謂一致.定語從句中的謂語動詞用單數還是復數,這不取決于關系詞,而是由先行詞決定的.2. 改錯Confidence is probably one of the most noticeable traits in the Americans. They show confidence in the way how they talk, the way how they smile, the way how they dress and th

21、e way how they walk.Key: delete “how”知識點: 定語從句中,關系副詞沒有how. 如果要表達方式,我們用以下句型:the way + that/in which/ + 從句3. 判斷以下兩個that從句的區(qū)別.1) The rumor that he spread everywhere turned out to be untrue.2) The rumor that Tom was a gay turned out to be untrue.結構上意義上That 引導定語從句That + 不完整從句=adj. 對先行詞起修飾,描述作用That 引導同位語從

22、句That + 完整從句=n. 對前面的名詞內容的具體表述1. I know many rich people. None of them are happy. (劍3,G,TB,W)4. At the five-star hotel we ate dinner and drank lots of beer and chagne. In the evening, all the students went to a formal reception at a five-star hotel. (劍3,T3,S)5. The event started with the students gathering in a large hall. In the large hall we were given the robes and hats. We wore the robes and hats during the ceremony. (劍3,T3,S)翻譯1.總有許多外國留學生來中國學