ccna課件第一跳冗余協(xié)議

1、FHRPHSRP（Host Stanby Route Protocol）Standby group: The set of routers participating in HSRP that jointly（共同的）emulate a virtual router&HSRP定義了路由器的備份組.&備份組是一組參與HSRP的路由器,它們一起來模擬一臺虛擬的路由.&HSRP備用組包含了下列實體：一臺活躍路由器.一臺備用路由器.一臺虛擬路由器.（虛擬IP和虛擬MAC）其他HSRP成員路由器.（處于監(jiān)聽狀態(tài)的路由器,它們監(jiān)聽Hello包,但不響應(yīng).這些路由器對發(fā)送給其他IP地址的數(shù)據(jù)包不進行轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),因

2、為它們不是活躍的路由器,所以它不轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)發(fā)送給虛擬路由器的數(shù)據(jù)包!）&活躍路由器備份路由器發(fā)送Hello包是通過組播地址224.0.0.2.采用UDP=1985端口.活躍路由器能夠以虛擬路由器的MAC地址響應(yīng)客戶端發(fā)送的ARP請求The Active RouterThe Virtual Router MAC AddressThe Standby Router The standby router listens for periodic hello messages on 224.0.0.2Active and Standby Router InteractionHSRP StatesAn HSR

3、P router can be in one of six different states: Initial Learnno virtual ip Listen Speak Standby ActiveAll routers begin in the initial state, when HSRP is not running.HSRP Initial State Router does not know the virtual router IP address. Router has not received a hello message from an active router.

4、HSRP Learn State Neither the active nor the standby router receives a hello message (if any). The router in the listen state knows the virtual router IP address.HSRP Listen State Knows the virtual router IP address. Sends periodic Hello messages. Participates in the election of the active and standb

5、y router.HSRP Speak StateA router in the standby state:Is a candidate for active router Sends hello messagesKnows the virtual router IP addressHSRP Standby StateA router in the active state:Assumes the active forwarding of packets for the virtual router Sends hello messagesKnows the virtual router I

6、P addressHSRP Active StateHSRP StateHSRP Configuration CommandsConfigurestandby 1 ip 10.1.1.1Verifyshow running-configshow standbyEnabling HSRP on a Cisco router interface automatically disables ICMP redirects.Configuring an HSRP Standby InterfaceDisplaying the Standby Brief StatusSwitch#show standb

7、y brief P indicates configured to preempt. |Interface Grp Prio P State Active addr Standby addr Group addrVl11 11 110 Active local 172.16.11.114 172.16.11.115HSRP Optimization OptionsThese options can be configured to optimize HSRP:HSRP standby priorityHSRP standby preemptHello message timersHSRP in

8、terface trackingConfiguring HSRP Standby PriorityThe router with the highest priority in an HSRP group es the active router.The default priority is 100.In the case of a tie, the router with the highest configured IP address will e active.Configuring HSRP Standby PreemptPreempt enables a router to re

9、sume the forwarding router role. Configuring the Hello Message TimersThe holdtime parameter value should be at least three times the value of the hellotime parameter.HSRP Interface TrackingT1T1HSRP Interface Tracking (Cont.)Configuring HSRP TrackingSwitch(config-if)#standby group-number track type n

10、umber interface-priority Configures HSRP trackingSwitch(config)#interface vlan 10Switch(config-if)#standby 1 track GigabitEthernet 0/7 50Switch(config-if)#standby 1 track GigabitEthernet 0/8 60Example of HSRP trackingNote: Preempt must be configured on all participating devices within the HSRP group

11、.To load balance routers, assign them to multiple groups on the same subnet.Multiple HSRP GroupsAddressing HSRP Groups Across Trunk LinksTo load balance routers and links:Per VLAN, configure the HSRP active router and the spanning tree root to be the same multilayer switch. About the HSRP Debug Comm

12、anddebug standby eventsdebug standby terse(簡明的)Debugging HSRP Example of HSRP debug showing standby group number mismatchDSW111#debug standby*Mar 4 19:08:08.918: HSRP: Vl1 Grp 1 Hello out 172.16.1.111 Active pri 150 vIP 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:09.287: HSRP: Vl1 Grp 2 Hello in 172.16.1.112 Active pr

13、i 50 vIP 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:09.287: HSRP: Vl1 API active virtual address 172.16.1.113 found*Mar 4 19:08:09.891: HSRP: Vl1 API Duplicate ARP entry detected for 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:09.891: HSRP: Vl1 Grp 1 Hello out 172.16.1.111 Active pri 150 vIP 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:10.294: HSRP: Vl1 G

14、rp 2 Hello in 172.16.1.112 Active pri 50 vIP 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:10.294: HSRP: Vl1 API active virtual address 172.16.1.113 found*Mar 4 19:08:10.294: HSRP: Vl1 API Duplicate ARP entry detected for 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:10.294: HSRP: Vl1 Grp 1 Hello out 172.16.1.111 Active pri 150 vIP 172.16.1

15、.113*Mar 4 19:08:10.294: HSRP: Vl1 Grp 2 Hello in 172.16.1.112 Active pri 50 vIP 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:10.294: HSRP: Vl1 API active virtual address 172.16.1.113 found*Mar 4 19:08:10.898: HSRP: Vl1 API Duplicate ARP entry detected for 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:10.898: HSRP: Vl1 Grp 1 Hello out 172.

16、16.1.111 Active pri 150 vIP 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:10.965: HSRP: Vl1 Grp 2 Hello in 172.16.1.112 Active pri 50 vIP 172.16.1.113*Mar 4 19:08:11.300: HSRP: Vl1 API active virtual address 172.16.1.113 found生成樹原理介紹 (802.1D)SPOTO IT人才培訓(xùn)機構(gòu) 以伙伴關(guān)系幫助客戶成功，幫助員工成功，幫助合作伙伴成功。SPOTO IT人才培訓(xùn)機構(gòu) 以伙伴關(guān)系幫助客戶成功，幫助員工成功，幫助

17、合作伙伴成功。Configuring First Hop Redundancy Protocols with VRRP and GLBPSPOTO KMSVRRP(Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol)&VRRP是工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn).通過224.0.0.18發(fā)送通告.&狀態(tài):INIT-MASTER-BACKUP&發(fā)送Hello包的時間:1s,主路由器的失效時間為:3*hello+skew time.（skew time=（256-pri)/256 ms）這個時間是確保優(yōu)先級更好的備份路由器成為新的master路由器&HSRP和VRRP的主要區(qū)別是VRRP備用路由器不發(fā)送通

18、告.VRRP Operational Process Configuring VRRP on an InterfaceEnable VRRP on an interface and display the configuration.GLBP Operations Single virtual IP address and multiple virtual MAC addresses Traffic to single gateway distributed across routers Automatic rerouting（變更） in the event of any failure Full use of resources on all routers without the administrative burden of creating multiple groupsGLBP Operations（cont.） GLBP group members elect one AVG. AVG assigns a virtual MAC address to each member of the group. AVG replies to the ARP requests from clients with different virtual MAC addr