商務(wù)合同翻譯技巧

1、漢英翻譯教程華橋外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院應(yīng)用英語(yǔ)學(xué)院商務(wù)合同同翻譯I.商務(wù)合同同的種類類按格式繁繁簡(jiǎn)的不不同，分分為正式合同同 Contract協(xié)議書(shū)Agreement確議書(shū)Confirmation備忘錄Memorandum意向書(shū)Letter of intent中文的合合同開(kāi)頭頭一般先先羅列當(dāng)當(dāng)事人的的名稱、姓名、住所或或營(yíng)業(yè)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)所，然然后是合合同正文文，結(jié)尾尾是當(dāng)事事人印章章、授權(quán)權(quán)代表簽簽字、職職務(wù)及日日期。英文合同同一般以以下面這這類句式式開(kāi)頭：This CONTRACT is madethis_day of_ in(placeofsignature)byandbetween(nameofonepar

2、ty),a corporation dulyorganized andexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)with itsdomicileat( address)( hereinafter referred to as Party A) and(nameoftheotherparty)a corporation dulyorganized andexistingunderthelawsof(nameofthecountry)with itsdomicileat(address)(hereinafter, referred to as Party B)

3、.II商務(wù)合同同的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)然后是WHEREASTHEREFORE.It is herebyagreedasfollows或WITNESSETH,WHEREAS.NOWTHEREFORE,forand in considerationofthe mutualcovenantsand agreementscontained herein,the partieshereby covenant andagreeasfollows.接著是正正文最后是證證明部分分：INWITNESS WHEREOF，the partieshereto havehereuntoset their hands thedayan

4、d years first above written.（雙方于文文首日期期簽署本本協(xié)議，特此為為證）隨后還包包括當(dāng)事事人和見(jiàn)見(jiàn)證人的的簽字。1.合同同名稱(Title)如SalesContract,Technology TransferAgreement,SharePurchaseAgreement2.前前文（前前言）(Preamble)1)Date &placeofsigning2)Signing parties, nationalitiesand principalplaceofbusinessorresidenceaddress3)Each partysauthority (當(dāng)當(dāng)事人的

5、的合法依依據(jù)）如：a companydulyorganizedand existing under thelaws of .商務(wù)合同同的具體體構(gòu)成部部分4)RecitalsorWHEREASclause(定約約緣由）WHEREAS,Sellerisengagedindealing of (product)anddesirestosell (product)toBuyer,WHEREAS,Buyerdesires to purchase (product)from Sellers,Now, THEREFORE,itisagreed as follows:Whereas Party Aiswill

6、ingtoemployPartyBandPartyBagreestodoasPartyAs engineer in Beijing, it is herebyagreesasfollows.鑒于甲方方愿聘請(qǐng)請(qǐng)乙方,乙方同同意應(yīng)聘聘為甲方方在北京京的工程程師,雙雙方協(xié)議議如下:Inconsideration of themutualcovenants andagreementherein contained,the partiesagreeasfollows.雙方考慮慮到在此此提出的的契約和和協(xié)議, 同意意如下條條款.3.正正文（Body)定義條款款 （Definition clause)基本條

7、款款（Basic conditions)一般條款款（Generaltermsand conditions)合同有效效期限（Duration)終止(Termination)不可抗力力 （ForceMajeure)合同的讓讓與（Assignment)仲裁（Arbitration)適用法律律 （Governinglaw)訴訟管轄轄 （Jurisdiction)通知手續(xù)續(xù) （Notice)合同的修修改（Amendment)其他（Others)4.結(jié)結(jié)尾條款款 （Witness clause)結(jié)尾語(yǔ)包包括合同同的分?jǐn)?shù)數(shù)、使用用的文字字和效力力等（Concludingsentence)，有時(shí)還還包括對(duì)對(duì)合

8、同進(jìn)進(jìn)行修改改或補(bǔ)充充的內(nèi)容容和附件件。簽名（Signature)蓋?。⊿eal)III合合同翻翻譯原則則準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)謹(jǐn)首先是用用詞的準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)確性。如：Shippingadvice和和shippinginstruction表表面上差差不不多，但但前者是是“裝運(yùn)運(yùn)通知”，后者者是“裝裝運(yùn)指示示”。符合規(guī)范范譯文必須須要體現(xiàn)現(xiàn)法律語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的特特點(diǎn)和契契約文體體的特點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。（略略）1多使用正正式或法法律上的的用詞（formal &professional）試比較下下列用詞詞terminate,stopcommence,beginbedeemedto,be regarded asinlieu of,inplace

9、ofpriorto,beforewhatsoever,whatevercommencement,start/begin；ceasetodo，stop to do；IV.英英文合合同的語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言特色色byvirtueof/duetobecause of ；atthecloseofthe fiscalyear，inthe endofthefiscal year；asregards/concerning, relating to， about；ineffect，infact；Themeetingshallbeconvenedandpresidedbysb.hold 或call，convene； ；mis

10、cellaneous,other matters/events；construea contract ,comprehenda contract，understand acontract;deem，consider，think/believe；1）AttherequestofPartyB,PartyA agreestosend technicianstoassistPartyB to installthe equipment.應(yīng)乙方要要求，甲甲方同意意派遣技技術(shù)員幫幫助乙方方安裝設(shè)設(shè)備(help)2）PartyA shallrepatriatethepatienttoChinaandbeart

11、hecostofhispassagetoBeijing.甲方應(yīng)將將病人遣遣返中國(guó)國(guó)，負(fù)責(zé)責(zé)病人回回到北京京的旅費(fèi)費(fèi)。（send back)3)Theterm“Effective date” means thedate on which thisAgreement is dulyexecutedbythepartieshereto.“生效日日”的意意思是指指本協(xié)議議經(jīng)訂約約雙方簽簽字的日日子。（signed）注意合同同本身的的法律術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ)詞匯匯和一般般用語(yǔ)的的區(qū)別：examples一般文本含義法律文本含義Action行動(dòng)措施或訴訟Limitation限制時(shí)效Prejudice偏見(jiàn)損害Royalti

12、es皇室、王權(quán)特許權(quán)使用費(fèi)；版稅Negligence疏忽過(guò)失Avoidance逃避宣告無(wú)效Satisfaction滿意清償、補(bǔ)償grace優(yōu)雅寬限期2用語(yǔ)力求求準(zhǔn)確、明白、嚴(yán)密PartyA shall sendtechniciansatPartyBs expensetotrainPartyBspersonnelwithin30days after signingthe Contract.甲方應(yīng)于于簽約后后三十天天內(nèi)派遣遣技術(shù)員員培訓(xùn)乙乙方的人人員，有有關(guān)費(fèi)用用由乙方方承擔(dān)。This Contract canonly bealtered,amended or supplementedinacco

13、rdance withdocuments signedandsealed byauthorized representativesofboth parties.本合同的的變更、修改和和補(bǔ)充應(yīng)應(yīng)按雙方方授權(quán)代代表簽名名蓋章的的文件，才能進(jìn)進(jìn)行。3多多使用老老式詞匯匯把here,there, where加后綴綴(after,by,in, of,on,to, under,upon,orwith after here, there,orwhere)hereafterafter thistime;inthe future今今后herebyby means of 茲hereinin this此此中中，于此

14、此hereinafterlaterinthiscontracthereinbeforein apreceding partofthiscontracthereof ofthisheretoto thisherebeforeuntil nowhereunder underthishereuponatthispoint;inconsequenceofthisherewithwiththisthereafterafterwardstherebybythatmeans;inthatconnectiontherefromfromthatthereininthat;inthatparticularther

15、einafterlaterinthe samecontractthereinbeforeinaprecedingpartofthesamecontractthereononthatthereofofthat;fromthat sourcetheretotothatthereunder=underthatthereuponthen;asthe resultofthattherewithwiththatoritwhereas=consideringthat;but鑒鑒于whereby=bywhat;bywhichwherein=inwhat;inwhichwhereof=ofwhat;ofwhic

16、hwhereon=onwhat;onwhich關(guān)關(guān)于那，在其上上Inconfirmationhereofweattachabank statement.為作這方方面的確確認(rèn)我們們附上銀銀行結(jié)單單。Thecorrespondenceattachedheretoform partofthe Contract.合同文件件以及其其來(lái)往文文件均應(yīng)應(yīng)被視為為本合同同的一部部份。Allofthe obligations of theGuarantorhereundershallbejointandseveral.擔(dān)保人在在本擔(dān)保保書(shū)項(xiàng)下下承擔(dān)的的所有義義務(wù)均應(yīng)應(yīng)是連帶帶的。Lossescaused as a

17、resultthereofshallbebornebytheviolator.由此而造造成的損損失，由由違反者者承擔(dān)。（belongingtothat）Inconcluding acontract, thepartiestheretoshallimplementthe principleofgood faith.（to that）當(dāng)事人訂訂立合同同，應(yīng)執(zhí)執(zhí)行誠(chéng)實(shí)實(shí)信用原原則。Inwitnesswhereof, Iset my hand.我作為證證人簽字字。Theundersignedhereby agreesthat thenewproductswheretothis trade nameis

18、moreappropriatearemadeinChina.下述簽署署人同意意在中國(guó)國(guó)制造新新產(chǎn)品，其品牌牌以此為為合適。4多用并列列的同義義詞anyand all全全部termsandconditions條條件null andvoid無(wú)無(wú)效效free andclearof無(wú)無(wú)cost andexpenses各各種種費(fèi)用rightsand interests權(quán)權(quán)益able andwilling能能夠并并愿意covenantsand agreements合合同、協(xié)協(xié)議anyduties,obligationsorliabilities所所有責(zé)任任applicable laws, regulati

19、ons,decrees,directives,andrules適適用法律律法規(guī)This Agreementmade andentered intobyandbetweenABCCo.andXYZ Co.ABC公公司和和XYZ公司雙雙方簽訂訂本協(xié)議議。Alldocuments, letters, telegramsandtelexesinterchangedbetweenboth partiesbefore thesigning of theContractshallbecomenull andvoidautomatically fromthe dateonwhichtheContractcom

20、esinto force.雙方在簽簽約前交交換的所所有文件件、書(shū)信信、電報(bào)報(bào)和電傳傳，應(yīng)從從本合同同生效之之日開(kāi)始始自動(dòng)失失效。Thepartieshave agreedtovary theManagementonthetermsandsubject to theconditionscontainedherein.(都表表示“依依照本協(xié)協(xié)議的條條款規(guī)定定”。)5 多用用拉丁詞詞(loanwords)比例稅率率：用proratetaxrate（要比proportionaltax rate多多 ）從事慈善善性服務(wù)務(wù)的律師師：probono lawyer，（不怎么么用lawyerengaged in

21、 charitablelegalassistance）委托代理理人：agentadlitem。善意bonafide（goodfaith）反之亦然然vice versa單方的ex parte （from oneside）不可抗力力forcemajeure代替in lieuof(insteadof)事實(shí)上defacto不在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)場(chǎng)的證明明alibi按比例的的prorata6多多用情態(tài)態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall,should,may, will在合同中中用這些些詞時(shí)要要極其謹(jǐn)謹(jǐn)慎。權(quán)權(quán)利義務(wù)務(wù)的約見(jiàn)見(jiàn)定部分分構(gòu)成了了合同的的主體，這幾個(gè)個(gè)詞如選選用不當(dāng)當(dāng)，可能能會(huì)引起起糾紛。Shall約約定當(dāng)當(dāng)事人的的義務(wù)（應(yīng)

22、當(dāng)做做什么時(shí)時(shí)候），英語(yǔ)法法律條文文中，表表示強(qiáng)制制性的“必須”的語(yǔ)義義時(shí)，要要用shall，而不不是should.may旨旨在約定定當(dāng)事人人的權(quán)利利（可以以做什么么）must用用于強(qiáng)強(qiáng)制性義義務(wù)（必必須做什什么）.maynot (或或shallnot)用用于禁禁止性義義務(wù)（不不得做什什么）。Thepartiesheretoshall, first of all,settle anydispute arisingfromorinconnection withthe contract by friendly negotiations.Shouldsuch negotiationsfail,suc

23、h disputemaybereferredtothePeoplesCourthaving jurisdictiononsuch disputefor settlementinthe absenceofany arbitration clauseinthedisputedcontractorindefaultofagreementreachedaftersuch disputeoccurs.雙方首先先應(yīng)通過(guò)過(guò)友好協(xié)協(xié)商，解解決因合合同而發(fā)發(fā)生的或或與合同同有關(guān)的的爭(zhēng)議。如果協(xié)協(xié)商未果果，合同同中又無(wú)無(wú)仲裁條條款約定定或爭(zhēng)議議發(fā)生后后未就仲仲裁達(dá)成成協(xié)議的的，可將將爭(zhēng)議提提交有管管轄權(quán)的的人民法

24、法院解決決。Itisherebyagreed thatPartyBshallhave no obligationtopay forthecostsofsuchtraining,otherthantopayfor their travelingexpensestoandfromUSAand their salaries.雙方特此此協(xié)議, 乙方方除支付付受訓(xùn)人人員赴美美國(guó)的往往返旅費(fèi)費(fèi)及其薪薪金外，不負(fù)擔(dān)擔(dān)此類培培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用用.7 經(jīng)常常用一些些特殊的的表達(dá)方方式一些在普普通英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)中很少少出現(xiàn)的的連詞經(jīng)經(jīng)常在合合同中出出現(xiàn)。如如:Notwithstanding,providedthat,subject

25、 to,forthepurposeof,inrespectof,inrespect thereof,inthe event of ,intheeventthat,includingbut notlimited to,unlessanduntil,ifand onlyif,unless otherwise,whereinthecase,untilotherwise,otherwise or,be liableto,inTestimonywhereof,inWitnesswhereofTheworksshallbemeasured,notwithstandinganygeneralorlocalc

26、ustom, exceptwhereotherwisespecificallydescribed or prescribedinthe Contract.除合同另另有規(guī)定定外，即即使有一一般或當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)亓?xí)慣慣，工程程也應(yīng)當(dāng)當(dāng)被計(jì)算算。InstructiongivenbytheEngineershallbeinwriting,providedthatifforany reasontheEngineerconsideritnecessary to giveany suchinstruction.若工程師師認(rèn)為由由于某種種原因有有必要發(fā)發(fā)出任何何指示，工程師師應(yīng)以書(shū)書(shū)面形式式發(fā)出此此類指示示。Subje

27、ct totheClause 17,novariationinormodification of thetermstotheContractshallbemadeexceptbywrittenamendmentsigned by theparties.根據(jù)第17條規(guī)規(guī)定，合合同的任任何變更更或修改改，必須須以雙方方簽訂的的修改文文本為準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)。合同英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)句法特特點(diǎn)：結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)謹(jǐn)，句式式較長(zhǎng)，從句等等附加成成分多，但位置置明顯，對(duì)主句句意義進(jìn)進(jìn)行解釋釋、限制制和補(bǔ)充充。主要要是為了了體現(xiàn)莊莊嚴(yán)，另另外為了了避免歧歧義和引引發(fā)爭(zhēng)端端。 例如：貨物抵達(dá)達(dá)目的港港15天天內(nèi)，買(mǎi)買(mǎi)方可以以憑有信信譽(yù)的公公共檢

28、檢驗(yàn)員員出示的的檢驗(yàn)證證明向賣(mài)賣(mài)方提出出短重索索賠。TheBuyers may，within15daysafterarrival of thegoodsatthedestination，lodgeaclaimagainst thesellers forshort-weightbeingsupported by InspectionCertificateissued by areputable publicsurveyor.買(mǎi)方須于于本合同同簽字并并生效后后30天天內(nèi)通過(guò)過(guò)出口地地銀行開(kāi)開(kāi)立以賣(mài)賣(mài)方為受受益人的的不可撤撤銷(xiāo)信用用證支付付全部貨貨款計(jì)30000美美元。Within30daysafterthesigningandcoming intoeffect of thiscontract， theBuyershallproceed to paythepricefor thegoodstotheSeller by openinganirrevocableL/C f