2022年考研考博-考博英語-中共中央黨?？荚嚸麕熝侯}精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號14

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語-中共中央黨?？荚嚸麕熝侯}精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Hehasawonderfulbrain,despotic,violent,andinexhaustible,meantforasoldier,bywhatchanceconvertedtoletters,（）thereisnotastylenoratintnotknowntohim,yetwithanEnglishappetiteforactionandheroes.

問題1選項

A.X

B.inwhich

C.fromwhich

D.forwhich

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，可知考查非限定性定語從句。非限定性定語從句中關(guān)系詞不能省，選項A可排除。又因為先行詞為letters，固定短語inletters“在信件中”，選項B符合題意。

2.單選題

Theeconomiccrisismustpromptaprofoundreflectionamongthesummitparticipants,sincethose（）voicehasleastforceinthepoliticalscenearepreciselythose（）suffermostfromtheharmfuleffectsofacrisisforwhichtheydonotbearresponsibility.

問題1選項

A.X...X

B.whose...who

C.which...who

D.which...X

【答案】B

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意，第一個空為定語從句關(guān)系代詞，those為先行詞，指“那些人”，定語從句的主語應該為“那些人的聲音”，缺定語，所以選用關(guān)系代詞whose在定語從句中充當定語。第二個空先行詞為those，所以先行詞為人，而且定語從句缺主語，選用關(guān)系代詞“who”，選項B符合題意。

3.單選題

Asrecentlyaslatelastyear,（）reportscirculatingamongUSandotherinternationalofficialscitednumerousGreeksecurityflawsduringcounter-terrorismexercisesconductedlastAugust.

問題1選項

A.conspicuous

B.confidential

C.complimentary

D.confident

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。conspicuous“顯著的”；confidential“秘密的，機密的”；complimentary“稱贊的，贈送的”；confident“自信的，確信的”。句意：在去年年底，在美國和其他國家官員傳播的機密報告引用了希臘在去年8月份的反恐演習中出現(xiàn)了許多安全漏洞。選項B符合題意。

4.單選題

Aroundtheworld,rumblesofcomplaintaboutglobalizationaregrowinglouder.InEastAsia,thefinancialcrisisof1997leftajaundicedsenseofwhatglobalizationentails,thoughrobusteconomicrecoveryhastemperedthat.Globalization’sstandinghasalsobeenbadlydamagedinLatinAmericabythemeltdownoftheArgentineeconomyin2000andfinancialcrisesinBrazilin1999and2001.NewfearsaboutglobalizationaresurfacinginEuropetoo.InFranceandGermany,workingpeoplelinkglobalizationwithpressurestodismantlethesocialdemocraticstate.

Thesedevelopmentshaveraisedconcernsaboutthedurabilityofglobalizationevenamongitssupporters.InthefinalsectionofhisnewbookGlobalCapitalism:ItsFailandRiseinthe20thCentury，theHarvardprofessorJeffryFrieden—whoisinfavorofglobalization—ruminatesonthepossibilitythattoday’sglobalization,likethatofthe19thcentury,mightfalter.

Itcanbehighlyinstructivetolookbackatwhatsomehistorianscall“thefirstglobalization”.Whenpeopledoso,however,theyoftentendtoidentifyitsendasthebeginningofWorldWarIin1914.Thisiswrong,andleadstomisunderstandingsabouttoday’sglobalization.

ThefirstglobalizationendedwiththeWallStreetcrashof1929andtheensuingGreatDepression.Theworld'sresponsetothecrash,however,wasprofoundlyaffectedbythepoliticalconditionsthatWorldWarIhadcreated.IntheUnitedStates,BritainandFrance,thewarcreatedpoliticalandsocialconditionsthatfosteredaturntosocialdemocracy.InGermany,theonerouseconomicburdensofthe1919TreatyofVersaillesfosteredaturntoNazism.

Thishistoryhasenormoussignificanceforunderstandingtoday'spredicament.Thefirstlessonisthattheeconomiccrisisof1929—notpolitics—broughtdownthefirstglobalization,suggestingthataneconomiccrisis,andnotpolitics,willbringdowntoday’sglobalization.

Thesecondlessonisthatwhilepoliticaldevelopmentsbefore1929didnotcausethecrash,theymatteredenormouslyfortheinternationalresponse.AfterWorldWarI,governmentssubstantiallyrecreatedtheprewareconomicsystem,butthereconstructedsystemdistributedprosperityextremelyunevenly.IntheUnitedStates,wealthandincomeinequalitygrewduringthe"RoaringTwenties".InBritain,theindustrialmidlandsandthenorthsufferedfrompersistentstagnationbecauseofanovervaluedexchangerate.AndprosperitysimplybypassedGermany.

Additionally,therewasapopularturntoisolationisminresponsetothecarnagewroughtbythewar.Theglobaleconomicsystemwasthereforeunpopular,andconsequentlyithadfewdefenderswhenthecrashcame.Thatlessonholdsforthecurrentglobalization,whichisalsounpopularandfeared.

Afterthefirstglobalizationcrashedbecauseofinherentfinancialfragility,theensuingNewDealeracreatedasystemthatremediedthatfragility.TheNewDealeraalsocreatedasocialdemocratic,mass-consumptioneconomyinwhichincomewasmorebroadlysharedbecauseofunionization,minimumwagesandsocialsecurityprovisions.Butsuchaneconomyisexpensiveforindividualcapitalists,givingthemincentivetoevadeitscosts.Thathasbeenadrivingforcebehindglobalizationsince1980,andthatisthecontradictionintoday’ssystem.

1.ThefinancialcriesinBrazilarementionedinthefirstparagraphto（）.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutJeffryFrieden?

3.Whydoestheauthoradvocatelookingbackatthefirstglobalization?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthelessonlearntfromthehistoryofthefirstglobalization?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat（）.

問題1選項

A.showthetrendofglobalizationinrecentyears

B.analyzethecausesoffinancialcrisesintheworld

C.illustratehowtoresolvefinancialcrisesintheworld

D.showpeople’snegativeattitudestowardglobalization

問題2選項

A.HeisaprofessorinHarvardUniversity.

B.Hemightbelievethatthedisadvantagesofglobalizationoutweighitsadvantages.

C.HeistheauthorofthebookGlobalCapitalism:ItsFallandRiseinthe20thCentury

D.Hethinksthattoday'sglobalizationmightprobablycrash.

問題3選項

A.Becauseitcanmakeusidentifytheendofthefirstglobalizationcorrectlyandavoidmisunderstanding.

B.BecauseitcanhelpusfindoutthecausesoftheWallStreetcrashof1929.

C.BecauseitcanmakeusunderstandwhythewarfosteredaturntosocialdemocracyinBritain,whileaturntoNazisminGermany.

D.Becauseitcanhelpusunderstandthecurrentglobalizationandgetsomeinstructiveexperience.

問題4選項

A.Itistheeconomiccrisisorinherentfinancialfragilitythatmaycontributetothecrashofglobalization.

B.InBritain,wealthandincomeinequalitygrewduringthe“RoaringTwenties”，whichmatteredforglobalization.

C.AfterWorldWarI,thereconstructedsystemdistributedprosperityextremelyunevenly,whichwasadrivingforcebehindthefirstglobalization.

D.Thefirstglobalizationcrashedbecauseofinherentfinancialfragilityandthefollowingsocialdemocratic,mass-consumptioneconomy.

問題5選項

A.theNewDealcontributedtothecrashofthefirstglobalizationtosomeextent.

B.unionization,minimumwagesandsocialsecurityprovisionscanrelievewealthandincomeinequalitytosomeextent.

C.individualcapitalistswereoptimisticaboutasocialdemocratic,mass-consumptioneconomy

D.since1980,therehasbeenacontroversialtrendaboutglobalization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Globalization’sstandinghasalsobeenbadlydamagedinLatinAmericabythemeltdownoftheArgentineeconomyin2000andfinancialcrisesinBrazilin1999and2001.”，可知2000年阿根廷經(jīng)濟的崩潰、1999和2001年巴西的經(jīng)融危機嚴重損害了全球化在拉丁美洲的地位。可推斷出人們對全球化存在消極的態(tài)度。選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“InthefinalsectionofhisnewbookGlobalCapitalism:ItsFailandRiseinthe20thCentury,theHarvardprofessorJeffryFrieden—whoisinfavorofglobalization—ruminatesonthepossibilitythattoday'sglobalization,likethatofthe19thcentury,mightfalter.”，從這一段對JeffryFrieden的介紹中可知，他是哈佛大學的教授，選項A可排除。他確實是GlobalCapitalism:ItsFailandRiseinthe20thCentury這一書的作者，選項C可排除。他是支持全球化的，他反復思考了今天的全球化像19世紀全球化那樣不景氣的可能性，所以他認為今天的全球化也可能會面臨崩潰，選項D可排除。所以選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Itcanbehighlyinstructivetolookbackatwhatsomehistorianscall“thefirstglobalization.”，可知，讓人們回顧第一次全球化是很有意義的。根據(jù)文章第五段，“Thishistoryhasenormoussignificanceforunderstandingtoday'spredicament.”，可知這些歷史對于度過今天的困境也有很大的意義。所以回顧第一個全球化有助于我們理解今天的全球化形式并且獲得一些有益的經(jīng)驗。選項D符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“Thefirstlessonisthattheeconomiccrisisof1929—notpolitics—broughtdownthefirstglobalization,suggestingthataneconomiccrisis,andnotpolitics,willbringdowntoday’sglobalization.”，可知第一次全球化表明是經(jīng)濟而不是政治擊敗今天的全球化。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句，“Afterthefirstglobalizationcrashedbecauseofinherentfinancialfragility,theensuingNewDealeracreatedasystemthatremediedthatfragility.”，可知全球化崩潰的原因是金融的脆弱性。綜上可推斷出經(jīng)濟危機或內(nèi)在的金融脆弱性可能會導致全球化的崩潰。選項A符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句，“TheNewDealeraalsocreatedasocialdemocratic,mass-consumptioneconomyinwhichincomewasmorebroadlysharedbecauseofunionization,minimumwagesandsocialsecurityprovisions.”可知新政時期創(chuàng)造了一個社會民主的大眾消費經(jīng)濟，因為公會化、最低工資和社會保障，使得收入分配平均一些。可推斷出工會化、最低工資和社會保障規(guī)定可以在一定程度上緩解財富和收入不平等。選項B符合題意。

5.單選題

Whensuchturbulenceoccursintheattractorfieldsofconsciousness,itcreatesanemotionalupsetthatcontinuesuntilanewlevelof（）isestablished.

問題1選項

A.equilateral

B.equilibrium

C.equivocation

D.equivalence

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析和語法。根據(jù)空格前的介詞of，可知其后填入名詞作賓語，選項A可排除。equilibrium“均衡”；equivocation“模棱兩可的話”；equivalence“相等”。句意：當這樣的動蕩發(fā)生在意識的引力場時，會造成情緒上的不安，一直會持續(xù)直到新的平衡建立起來。選項B符合題意。

6.單選題

Thisemphasisonan"English"traditionhascomeundercontinuousattackduringthelasttwentyyearsorso;duringtheirundergraduatetrainingmanyyoungteachersofEnglishwillhavediscussedtheassumptionsthatunderliesuchconcernforourcultural（）.

問題1選項

A.inhabitants

B.heritage

C.inheritors

D.hereditary

【答案】B

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inhabitant“居民”，heritage“遺產(chǎn)；傳統(tǒng)；繼承權(quán)”，inheritor“繼承人；后繼者”，hereditary“遺傳類”。句意：在他們的本科培訓中，許多年輕的英語老師將討論這些假設，這些假設是我們對文化傳統(tǒng)關(guān)心的基礎(chǔ)。選項B符合題意。

7.單選題

TradersareshuttingdownoperationsinIvoryCoast,inaccordancewithcallsbythecountry’sinternationallyrecognizedpresident-electtoputpressureonGbagbo,the（）whohasrefusedtostepdown.

問題1選項

A.inception

B.incursion

C.insurgency

D.incumbent

【答案】D

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。inception“起初，獲得學位”；incursion“入侵，侵犯”；insurgency

“暴動”；incumbent“在職者，現(xiàn)任者”。句意：貿(mào)易商正在關(guān)閉象牙海岸的業(yè)務為了符合國家要求，進行國際認證的總統(tǒng)選舉，給巴博施加壓力，巴博是拒絕退位下臺的現(xiàn)任者。選項D符合題意。

8.單選題

Forsomeleadersintheteapartymovement,theongoingskirmishoverwhetherpresidentialcontenderMittRomneyshouldspeakataTeaPartyExpressrallyinNewHampshireonMondayis（）butan（）quarrel.

問題1選項

A.anythinginternecine

B.somethinginteresting

C.anythingintermediary

D.somethinginteragency

【答案】A

【解析】固定搭配和形容詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)固定搭配“anythingbut”，選項B和D可排除。

internecine“兩敗俱傷的”；interagency“跨部門的”。句意：關(guān)于總統(tǒng)候選人MittRomney周一是否應該在新罕布什爾州的茶黨集會上發(fā)表講話的爭論，絕對不是一場兩敗俱傷的爭吵。選項A符合題意。

9.單選題

TheSupremeCourtruledlastweekthatagroupofemployeessuingforagediscriminationshouldgettheirdayincourteventhoughtheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.Thedecisionisnoteworthybecauseitsuggeststhatthiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.

Groupofcouriersovertheageof40suedFederalExpress,claimingittriedtopushoutolderworkers.TheissuewaswhethertheysubmittedapropercomplainttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommissionwithinthelegaltimelimit.FedExclaimedthecouriersfiledthewrongform,butthecourtruled,7to2,thatanintakequestionnaireandasignedaffidavit—whichtheE.E.O.C.consideredavalidcomplaint—metits"permissivestandard"forwhatwasacceptable.

Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.Throughatorturedandillogicalreadingofthelaw,thecourtruled,5to4,thataGoodyearemployeemissedthedeadlineforfilingacomplaintthatshewaspaidlessthanmalecolleagues.

Thatwasoneofaseriesofrulingsinrecentyearsthatstretchedthelawtocomeoutagainstlittle-guyparties.Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline—eventhoughhehadfiledtheappealbythedaythefederaldistrictjudge(mistakenly)toldhimto.

TheFedExrulingcouldbeanaberration,oritcouldmarkanewdirection.ThejusticesmayhavebeenchastenedbytheenormouscriticismoftheGoodyearrulingfromCongressandthepublic.(TheHousehaspassedabillreversingit,andtheSenatemaysoonfollow.)Theymayalsobereacting—asthecourthasbeenknowntodo—toshiftingpoliticalwinds.Votersinthiselectionyeardonotappeartofavortheblinddeferencetocorporatepowerthathasbeenathemeofthelastsevenyears.

Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.Oneexamplecamelastweek,inExxon'schallengetoa$2.5billionpunitivedamagesawardagainstitarisingoutoftheExxonValdezoilspill.

ChiefJusticeJohnRoberts,whooncepracticedcorporatelaw,asked,"Sowhatcanacorporationdotoprotectitselfagainstpunitivedamagesawardssuchasthis?"Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations,butthelawyerfortheoilspill'svictims,ProfessorJeffreyFisherofStanfordLawSchool,hadtheanswer:"Itcanhirefitandcompetentpeople."

1.Whatcouldbeinferredfromthefirstparagraphofthispassage?

2.Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorusestheexampleofFedExcouriers'caseto（）.

3.Theword"egregious"inthefourthparagraphmostprobablymeans（）.

4.Fromthelasttwoparagraphs,wecandrawtheconclusionthat（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardsthecourt'sverdictintheFedExcaseseemstobe（）

問題1選項

A.TheSupremeCourtseemedlikelytosupporttheemployees.

B.Courtsseemedlikelytoruleforcompaniesoverworkersandconsumers.

C.Agroupofemployeesfailedontheiraccusationbecausetheyfiledtheircomplaintonthewrongform.

D.AgroupofworkersgottheirholidaysfromtheverdictoftheSupremeCourt.

問題2選項

A.showitissurprisingthatthecourtappliedanysortofpermissivestandard

B.expressthatthepublicwelcometheapplicationofanysortofpermissivestandardbythecourt.

C.showthatFedExtriedtopushoutoldworkers

D.indicatethatthecourthaschangedsomeconventions

問題3選項

A.extremelybad

B.verysimilar

C.extravagant

D.quitenoticeable

問題4選項

A.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoprotectthecorporations

B.thecourthasbeenonacampaigntoverdictforworkersandconsumers

C.thecourtwillnoteasilygiveupitssolicitudefortheproblemsofthecompanies

D.thecourtwillstillverdictforthecompaniesregardlessoftheFedExcase

問題5選項

A.cautiouslyoptimistic

B.suspicious

C.dissatisfied

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“…thiscourtcouldbepullingbackfromwhathasoftenseemedlikeaknee-jerkinclinationtoruleforcorporationsoverworkersandcustomers.”，可知最高法院可能會撤回一種下意識的傾向，轉(zhuǎn)而為企業(yè)而非員工和客戶做出裁決。可推斷出法院似乎會支持員工。選項A符合題意。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard,consideringhowitruledinasimilarcasejustlastyear.”，可知考慮到最高法院去年在一起類似案件中是如何做出裁決的，它會采用任何一種寬容的標準，這令人驚訝，也令人歡迎。又因為此句是對第二段內(nèi)容的一個總結(jié)和銜接，可推斷出第二段聯(lián)邦快遞的例子就是為了證明此觀點，法院竟然采用了一種寬容的標準，這是令人驚訝的。選項A符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Inoneegregiousdecisionlastyear,thecourtignoreditsprecedentstoholdthataninmatelosttherighttochallengehismurderconvictionbecausehemissedadeadline…”，可知在去年的一項過分的裁決中，最高法院忽視其判例，認定一名囚犯因為錯過了最后期限而失去了對謀殺罪提出質(zhì)疑的權(quán)利?？膳袛喑鰁gregious是一個消極意義的單詞，意為“極壞的，糟糕的，過分的”。選項A符合題意。

4.推斷題。A和D項都是對聯(lián)邦例子細節(jié)上的描寫和體現(xiàn)，并不是一個總結(jié)，可排除。根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Thecourthasbeenonacampaigntostrikedownlargeawardsofpunitivedamagesagainstcorporations”，可知法院在進行一場運動，以廢除對公司的巨額懲罰性賠償，而且下文提到公司可以雇傭更加有能力的人，可判斷出法院并沒有一直做出有利于員工和消費者的裁決，選項B可排除。根據(jù)文章第六段，“Itwouldbeamistaketoreadtoomuchintoonedecision.Thereiscertainlyevidencethecourtwillnoteasilyshakeitsunduesolicitudefortheproblemsofcorporations.”，可知對一個判決進行過分解讀是錯誤的，有確鑿的證據(jù)表明，法院不會輕易動搖它對公司問題的過分關(guān)注?？赏茢喑龇ㄔ翰粫p易放棄對公司問題的關(guān)注。選項C符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)全文，可知作者對法院之前的裁決表現(xiàn)出不認同的態(tài)度，根據(jù)文章第三段，“Itissurprisingandwelcometoseethecourtapplyanysortofpermissivestandard”，可知聯(lián)邦快遞事件的裁決運用了寬容標準，是令人驚訝并且受人歡迎的。但第五段第一句又提到對于本事件的裁決也可能標志著一個新的方向?？赏茢喑鲎髡邔β?lián)邦快遞事件的法院判決的態(tài)度似乎是持懷疑態(tài)度的。選項B符合題意。

10.單選題

Theaccusationswebringagainstothersshouldbe（）ourselves;weshouldnotcomplacencyandeasyjudgmentsonourpartconcerningourownmoralconduct.

問題1選項

A.denigrationof…exclude

B.instructionsto...equate

C.parodiesof...satirize

D.warningsto...justify

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配和動詞詞義辨析。denigrationof“低毀”；exclude“排除”；instructions“指令，說明”；equate“使相等”；parodiesof“效仿”；satirize“諷刺，挖苦”；warningsto“警告”；justify“證明……是正當?shù)摹?。句意：我們對他人的指責應該是對自己的一種警告；我們不應該自滿，也不應該對我們自己的道德行為輕易地做出判斷。選項D符合題意。

11.單選題

Thereareplanstogiveeveryone（）insurance,allowleavefromworkforanyonewithasickchildorelderlyrelativetolookafter,andenforceaseven-daywaitforanyonewantingtobuyahandgun.

問題1選項

A.affordedhealthy

B.affordablehealth

C.affordedhealth

D.affordablehealthy

【答案】B

【解析】語法和固定搭配。根據(jù)空格前的give可知空格中應該填入形容詞。afforded是動詞afford的過去式和過去分詞，所以排除A和C項。affordable“買得起的”，health“健康”，healthy“健康的”。句意：有計劃給予每個人買得起的健康保險。healthinsurance“健康保險”，為固定搭配。選項B符合題意。

12.單選題

Ifauniondecidedtorepudiateastrike,ithadtowritetoallitsmemberstakingpartinthestriketotellthemthattheunionwouldgivenosupport,and（）theyriskeddismissalwithoutcompensation（）thestrikecontinued.

問題1選項

A.that...when

B.what...if

C.why...when

D.that...if

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意，可知第一個空格需填入一個引導詞，和and前一句中的that從句構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，作動詞tell的賓語，所以填入that引導賓語從句，選項B和C可排除。第二空格引導的從句是前面主句的條件，句意：如果罷工繼續(xù)下去，他們有被解雇而得不到補償?shù)娘L險。選項D符合題意。

13.單選題

Thechallengesthesesuper-tallbuildingsfaceareplentiful,requiringenormousfinancialresources,sophisticatedengineeringskills,a（）willamongstallpartiesinvolvedtomakeithappenandfinallypeoplewillingtowork,live,useandpayforthemonadailybasis.

問題1選項

A.consolidated

B.consoled

C.consoling

D.consolidating

【答案】A

【解析】形近異義詞辨析。consolidated“鞏固的，統(tǒng)一的”；console“安慰”；consoling“可安慰的”；consolidating“鞏固，合并”。句意：這些超高層建筑面臨巨大的挑戰(zhàn)，需要大量的資金、復雜的工程技術(shù)，在所有相關(guān)的各方中都有一個統(tǒng)一的意愿來完成它。最后人們每天為它工作、生活，使用它并且為它付款。選項A符合題意。

14.單選題

Thereisnodoubtthatdishonestor（）acquisitionofinformationisusuallyoverwhelmingevidencethatinformationwasconfidentialandnotpartofthedefendant’sskillandknowledge.

問題1選項

A.blatant

B.surreptitious

C.suspicious

D.conspicuous

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。blatant“喧囂的，炫耀的”；surreptitious“秘密的”；suspicious“可疑的”；conspicuous“顯而易見的”。句意：毫無疑問，不誠實或秘密獲取的信息通常是壓倒性的證據(jù)，表明這種信息是機密的，不屬于辯護人員技能和知識的一部分。選項B符合題意。

15.單選題

FlanneryO’Connorwasnotas（）assomewriterswhoturnoutreamsofmaterials,butherstoriesareconsideredgemsthatliveonafterherearlyandtragicdeath.

問題1選項

A.potential

B.prolific

C.vitriolic

D.vicarious

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。potential“有潛力的”；prolific“多產(chǎn)的”；vitriolic“硫酸的，刻薄的”；vicarious“替代的，代理的”。句意：FlanneryOConnor不像一些創(chuàng)作大量作品的作家那樣多產(chǎn)。選項B符合題意。

16.單選題

（）,eventhoughoneundergoesuntoldmillionsofindividualexperiencesinone’slife,onlyafewlessonsareusuallyeverlearned.

問題1選項

A.Spontaneously

B.Stupendously

C.Apparently

D.Appropriately

【答案】C

【解析】副詞詞義辨析。spontaneously“自然地，自發(fā)地”；stupendously“巨大地、驚人地”；apparently“顯然地”；appropriately“適當?shù)亍?。句意：很顯然，即使一個人在一生中會經(jīng)歷無數(shù)次的個人經(jīng)歷，但人們通常只能從中得到很少的經(jīng)驗教訓。選項C符合題意。

17.單選題

Thebusinessisbothhighlycyclicaland（）aspriceinformationabouttransactionsmaynotbepublicized;andwhenitis,itcanbemisleading.

問題1選項

A.private

B.slack

C.opaque

D.redundant

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。private“私有的”；slack“松弛的，蕭條的”；opaque“不透明的”；redundant“多余的，冗長的”。句意：這項交易具有很高的周期性和不透明性，因為價格信息可能沒有公開，可能會造成誤導。選項C符合題意。

18.單選題

OnMay3,1989,committalproceedingsbeganinrespectofsixofficerswhowerechargedwithconspiracyto（）thecourseofjustice.

問題1選項

A.pervert

B.perturb

C.prevent

D.profane

【答案】B

【解析】動詞詞義辨析。pervert“使墮落，濫用”；perturb“擾亂，使不安”；prevent“預防，阻止”；profane“褻瀆，玷污”。句意：1989年5月3日，拘押進程開始于六名官員，他們被控告共謀擾亂司法公正。選項B符合題意。

19.單選題

Non-violentdirectactionrubs（）ofpopularopinioninordertogetitselfnoticedamidaseaofself-interest,apathyandday-to-daydistractions.

問題1選項

A.againstthegrain

B.againstthesalt

C.withagrain

D.withasalt

【答案】A

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題意，非暴力的直接行動違背公眾的意見，為了讓自己在自我利益、漠不關(guān)心和日常的干擾中引人注目。所以這里是指與公眾的意見相違背。選項C和D可排除。搭配“againstthegrain”的意思為“格格不入，違反意愿”。選項A符合題意。

20.單選題

PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.IncriticizingObamafortakingtoomuchtime,MikeRogers,theRepublicanchairmanoftheHouseIntelligenceCommittee,told“FoxNewsSunday”that“this‘don’t-do-stupid-stuff”policyisn’tworking.”Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?

First,experience.After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.Wewereinahurry,myselfincluded,tochangethingsafter9/11,andwhenyou’reinahurryyouignorecomplexitiesthatcomebacktohauntyoulater.

TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact,ala9/11,andrushoffagainwithoutastrategy.TheIslamicStateisawful,butitisnotathreattoAmerica’shomeland.

Second,thecontext.TodefeattheIslamicState,youhavetoaddressthecontextoutofwhichitemerged.AndthatisthethreecivilwarsragingintheArabworldtoday:thecivilwarwithinSunniIslambetweenradicaljihadistsandmoderatemainstreamSunniMuslimsandregimes;thecivilwaracrosstheregionbetweenSunnisfundedbySaudiArabiaandShiitesfundedbyIran;andthecivilwarbetweenSunnijihadistsandallotherminoritiesintheregion:Yazidis,Turkmen,Kurds,Christians,JewsandAlawites.

Whenyouhavearegionbesetbythatmanycivilwarsatonce,itmeansthereisnocenter,onlysides.Andwhenyouinterveneinthemiddleofaregionwithnocenter,youveryquicklybecomeaside.

TheIslamicStateemergedasanextremeexpressionofresentmentbyoneside:IraqiandSyrianSunniswhofeltcutoutofpowerandresourcesbythepro-IranianShiiteregimeinBaghdadandthepro-IranianAlawite/ShiiteregimeinDamascus.ThatiswhyObamakeepsinsistingthattheUnitedStates’militaryinterventionmustbeaccompanied,forstarters,byIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment―ofmainstreamShiites,SunnisandKurds--soouruseofforcesupportspluralismandpower-sharing,notjustShiitepower.

Butpower-sharingdoesn’tcomeeasyinaregionwherekinshipandsectarianloyaltiesoverwhelmanysenseofsharedcitizenship.Withoutit,though,thedominantphilosophyiseither:“Iamstrong,whyshouldIcompromise?”or“Iamweak,howcanIcompromise?”SoanyonslaughtwemakeontheIslamicState,absentnationalunitygovernments,willhaveShiitessayingtheformerandSunnissayingthelatter.That’swhythisiscomplicated.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordsissynonymoustothehighlightedword“excoriated”inthefirstlineofthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingstatementsareFALSEEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthemostappropriatetitleforthewholepassage?

5.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitudetowardsObama’spolicyontheIslamicStateaccordingtothepassage?

問題1選項

A.excruciated

B.approbated

C.exfoliated

D.reprobated

問題2選項

A.MikeRogersdoesn’tthinkthatitisstupidthatObamadidn’ttakeactionstobombtheIslamicState.

B.GeorgeW.Bush’sapproachtodestroytheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraqhasactuallyhelpedIran.

C.TheIslamicStatebeheadedtwoAmericanJournalistshadthreatenedthesafetyofAmericanhomeland.

D.Whenaregionisbesetbymanycivilwarsatonce,thereiscenter,nosides.

問題3選項

A.IfObamadiddestroytheIslamicState,hewouldignoreseveralissues.

B.ThevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicStatearejustmeanttothreatentheUnitedStates.

C.ObamainsiststhattheUnitedStates，militaryinterventioninIraqmustbeaccompaniedbyIraqisproducinganationalunitygovernment.

D.TheU.S.governmentneedstothinkoverbeforetakingactionsagainsttheIslamicState.

問題4選項

A.Obama’sPolicyontheIslamicState

B.ConflictsintheArabWorld

C.Fire,Ready,Aim.NotReady,Aim,Fire

D.Ready,Aim,Fire.NotFire,Ready,Aim

問題5選項

A.opposing

B.approving

C.neutral

D.indifferent

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“PresidentBarackObamahasbeenexcoriatedfordeclaringthat“wedon'thaveastrategyyet”foreffectivelyconfrontingtheIslamicStategroup.”，可知美國總統(tǒng)巴拉克?奧巴馬因宣稱尚未制定有效對抗伊斯蘭國組織的戰(zhàn)略而受到嚴厲批評。所以找出excoriate“批評，斥責”的同義詞，選項D符合題意。

2.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句，“After9/11thatsortof“fire,ready,aim”approachledGeorgeW.BushtoorderagroundwarinIraqwithoutsufficienttroopstocontrolthecountry,withoutatruegraspofIraq’sShiite-Sunnisectariandynamicsandwithoutanyrealizationthat,indestroyingtheSunniTalibanregimeinAfghanistanandtheSunniBaathistregimeinIraq,weweredestroyingbothofIran’smortalenemiesandtherebyopeningthewayforavastexpansionofIran’sregionalinfluence.”可知9.11后那種“開炮、準備、作戰(zhàn)”的方法使布什在伊拉克發(fā)動地面戰(zhàn)爭的時候沒有足夠的軍事力量在控制這個國家，沒有真正了解伊拉克什葉派和遜尼派的宗派動態(tài)，也沒有意識到摧毀了阿富汗的遜尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克的遜尼派復興黨政權(quán)，我們就可以摧毀伊朗的死敵，從而為伊朗地區(qū)影響力的大規(guī)模擴張開辟道路?？赏茢喑霾际泊輾О⒏缓惯d尼派塔利班政權(quán)和伊拉克遜尼派復興黨政權(quán)的做法，實際上幫助了伊朗。選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句，“TherearenowordstodescribethevilenessofthevideobeheadingsoftwoU.S.journalistsbytheIslamicState,butIhavenodoubtthatthey'remeanttogetustooverreact”，可知伊斯蘭國斬首兩名美國記者的視頻的惡劣程度無法用言語來形容，但我毫不懷疑，他們的目的只是讓我們反應過度。所以目的不是為了威脅美國。選項B符合題意。

4.主旨題。文章主要關(guān)于有效抗擊伊斯蘭國組織的策略問題，主要講述了打擊伊斯蘭國的策略。9.11事件后策略上的不成熟導致美國陷入不利的處境，所以D選項的標題是對策略的一個完整概括和總結(jié)，即準備-定目標-開戰(zhàn)，而不是開戰(zhàn)-準備-定目標。選項D符合題意。

5.作者態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章第一段，“Thatsoundedoddtomyear—likeweshouldjustbombsomebody,evenifitisstupid.IfObamadidthat,whatwouldhebeignoring?”，可知在我聽來這很奇怪，就好像我們應該直接轟炸某人，即使這很愚蠢。如果奧巴馬要摧毀伊斯蘭國，他會忽略哪些問題呢?，可推斷出作者對于奧巴馬摧毀伊斯蘭國的政策持贊同態(tài)度。選項B符合題意。

21.單選題

Earlyresearchonattitudesassumedthatth