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Introductionto

QinJie

FocusTerritorialexpansionofUSAHistoricalformationofUSAStatesofUSA

FormingofUSAfederalconventionadoptedthecurrentUnitedStatesConstitutiononSeptember17,1787;itsratificationmadethestatespartofasinglerepublicwithastrongcentralgovernment.TheBillofRights,comprisingtenconstitutionalamendments,wasratifiedin1791.In1812itfoughtthe2ndwarofIndependence.FormingofUSInthe19thcentury,theUnitedStatesacquiredlandfromFrance,Spain,theUnitedKingdom,Mexico,andRussia,andannexedtheRepublicofTexasandtheRepublicofHawaii.FormingofUSDisputesbetweentheagrarianSouthandindustrialNorthoverstates'rightsandtheexpansionoftheinstitutionofslaveryprovokedtheAmericanCivilWarofthe1860s.TheNorth'svictorypreventedapermanentsplitofthecountryandledtotheendoflegalslaveryintheUnitedStates.Bythe1870s,thenationaleconomywastheworld'slargest.FormingofUSTheSpanish–AmericanWarandWorldWarIconfirmedthecountry'sstatusasamilitarypower.In1945,theUnitedStatesemergedfromWorldWarIIasthefirstcountrywithnuclearweapons,apermanentmemberoftheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncil,andafoundingmemberofNATO.LouisianaPurchaseTheacquisitionbytheUSof828,800

square2,147,000

kmoftheFrenchterritoryin1803.Includingportionsof15currentU.S.statesand2CanadianProvinces.Arkansas,Missouri,Iowa,Oklahoma,Kansas,Nebraska,partsofMinnesotathatweresouthoftheMississippiRiver,mostofNorthDakota,nearlyallofSouthDakota,northeasternNewMexico,northernTexas,theportionsofMontana,Wyoming,andColoradoeastoftheContinentalDivide,andLouisianawestoftheMississippiRiver,includingthecityofNewOrleans.ThepurchasewasapivotalmomentinthepresidencyofThomasJefferson.OregonCountryOregonCountryorOregon(tobedistinguishedfromtheAmericanStatealsocalledOregon)wasapredominantlyAmericantermreferringtoaregionofthePacificNorthwestofNorthAmerica.TheregionwasoccupiedbyBritishandFrenchCanadianfurtradersfrombefore1810,andAmericansettlersfromthemid-1830s.TheOregonTreatyof1846establishedtheBritish-Americanboundary.RepublicofTexasTheRepublicofTexaswasasovereignnationinNorthAmericabetweentheUnitedStatesandMexicothatexistedfrom1836to1846.Formedasabreak-awayrepublicfromMexicobytheTexasRevolution,thenationclaimedbordersthatencompassedanareathatincludedallofthepresentU.S.stateofTexas,aswellaspartsofpresent-dayNewMexico,Oklahoma,Kansas,Colorado,andWyomingbasedupontheTreatiesofVelascobetweenthenewlycreatedTexasrepublicandMexico.OnMarch3,1837,USofficiallyrecognizedTexasasanindependentrepublic.In1845,theU.S.CongresspassedabilltoannextheRepublicofTexas.LandfromMexicoAlaskapurchaseTheAlaskaPurchasebytheUnitedStatesfromtheRussianEmpireoccurredin1867atthebehestofSecretaryofStateWilliamSeward.Theterritorypurchasedwas1,518,800

km2ofthemodernstateofAlaska.RussiawasinadifficultfinancialpositionandfearedlosingtheAlaskanterritorywithoutcompensationinsomefutureconflict,especiallytotheBritish.ThereforeEmperorAlexanderIIdecidedtoselltheterritorytotheUS.Spanish-AmericanWarTheSpanish–AmericanWarwasanarmedmilitaryconflictbetweenSpainandtheUnitedStatesthattookplacebetweenAprilandAugust1898,overtheissuesoftheliberationofCuba.ThewarbeganafterAmericandemandfortheresolutionoftheCubanfightforindependencewasrejectedbySpain.StrongexpansionistsentimentintheUnitedStatesmotivatedthegovernmenttodevelopaplanforannexationofSpain'sremainingoverseasterritoriesincludingCuba,thePhilippines,PuertoRico,andGuam.RepublicofHawaiiTheRepublicofHawaiiwastheformalnameofthegovernmentthatcontrolledHawaiifrom1894to1898whenitwasrunasarepublic.TherepublicwasannexedtotheUnitedStatesandbecametheTerritoryofHawaiionJuly7,1898.ExpansionofTerritoryBesidestheoriginal13states,theareaoftheMississippiRiverbecamepartofAmericaintheTreatyofParisbtwBritainandtheU.S.in1783.In1803,theU.S.tookadvantageoftheEuropeanWarandpurchasedLouisianafromNapoleonI,doublingitsterritory.In1819

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