賓語從句講解(全)

賓語從句(TheObjectClause)學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：、和。一、賓語從句的定義：賓語從句在復(fù)合句中起賓語的作用，可以作動詞的賓語，也可以做介詞的賓語主語謂語動詞 一個句子作賓語作介詞的賓語:He said nothing about whobrokethewindowlastnight.主語謂語動詞 代詞作動詞的賓語 介詞 一個句子作介詞的賓語二、賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞 ()的用法。在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that(that常可省略),whether,if代詞：who,whose,what,which副詞：when,where,how,why等。)、連詞：that(that常可省略),whether,ifHetoldme(thathewould)gotothecollegethenextyear他告訴我他明年上大學(xué).Idon’tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore我.不知道是否還會有公交車 .Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.沒有人知道他是否會通過考試.1、that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(在非正式場合that可以省略)可跟that從句做賓語的動詞有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,1/22require,propose,declare,report等。Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.注意：賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等詞，而賓語從句的意思是否定時，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.主句的謂語動詞是 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時,從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來,其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,is我he?認(rèn)為那個人不是Jim所殺的,是不是?IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞(不包含帶有否定前綴的詞，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.Wefindthatheneverlistenstotheteachercarefully,doeshe?我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從不仔細(xì)聽老師講課，是不是？當(dāng)主句的主語是二、三人稱時，其反義疑問句一般與主句保持一致。Yoursistersupposessheneedsnohelp,doesn'tshe?Theydon'tbelieveshe'sanengineer,dothey?練習(xí)題(1)Idon ’tthinkheisright,__________?2/22A．isn’the．BisheC．doID．don’tI(2).Hebelievessheisright,__________?A．doesn’the．BdoesheC．issheD．isn’tshe(3).Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,__________?A．didn’the．BdidheC．didID．didn’tI(4).Ifind_____importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.thisC.thatD.what(5).Youcan ’timagine____whentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited在以下情況中 that不能省略1、當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。Ibelieve(that)youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter.2、當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與 that賓語從句之間有插入語時， that一般不可省。JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時， that不可省。Ican’ttellhimthathismotherdied.4、當(dāng)it作形式賓語時例句：Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．3/22許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語。5、當(dāng)賓語從句前置時 Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．6、當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時;2、由whether,if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時，用 if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：Idon'tknowif/whetherhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears．我不知道這么多年后他是否還住在這兒。但在下列情況下只能用 whether，不能用if：在具有選擇意義，又有or或ornot時，尤其是直接與ornot連用時，往往用whether(if?ornot也可以使用)。如：讓我知道他是否能來。Idon'tknowwhether/ifhedoesanywashingornot．(＝Idon'tknowwhetherornothedoesanywashing．)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。Iwonderwhetherwestayorwhetherwego．我不知道我們是去還是留。②在介詞之后用 whether。如：I'minterestedinwhetherhelikesEnglish．我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。We'rethinkingaboutwhetherwecanfinishtheworkontime.我們正在考慮是否能按時完成這項工作。4/22③在不定式前用 whether。如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertovisittheoldman．他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogobybusorbytrain．他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。④whether置于句首時，不能換用 if。如：Whetherthisistrueornot，Ican'tsay．這是否真的我說不上來。⑤引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時宜用 whether。如：⑥若用if會引起歧義時，則用 whether。如：Pleaseletmeknowifyoulikethebook．可理解為：Ifyoulikethebook，pleaseletmeknow．你如果喜歡這本書，請告訴我只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.③引導(dǎo)狀語從句evenif(即使)和asif(好象)時Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.二)、連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句這樣的賓語從句實際上是由特殊疑問句變化而來的，賓語從句要用陳述句語序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。5/22①連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、定語或者表語。連接代詞一般指疑問,但what,whatever除了指疑問外,也可以指陳述.DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是誰贏得了紅色警報的游戲么？ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOsshouldknow.這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么 .Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?你決定好是買諾基亞還是摩托羅拉的電話了嗎 ?②連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語的成分。Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain他.沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewpanel?你能告訴我怎么用這個新的操作盤嗎 ?Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到 .練習(xí)題：(1)Idon ’tknow___________ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome(2)Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.6/22A.which B.whether C.if D.that(3)Theteacheraskedthenewstudent________classhewasin.A.which B.where C.if D.thatA.whyB.whenC.howD.where---Becareful!Don’tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?David?---Yes,MumA.what B.that C.why D.if(6)---Doyouknow_______MrBlack ’saddressis?---HemayliveatNO.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I ’mnotsureof___A.where,which B.where,what C.what,which D.what,where(7)Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.IreallydonA.whatshouldIchoose B.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchoose D.whatIshouldchoose

’tknow_____.三、賓語從句的語序無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句＋連詞＋賓語從句(主語＋謂語＋??)句”式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：1)連接詞＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有：who，what，which等。如：Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer，please？你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎？Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings．這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西？7/222)連接詞＋名詞＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose，what，which，howmany，howmuch等。如：Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass．他問我們班上誰的書法最好。Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom．老師問我們房間里有多少人。3)連接詞＋主語＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的連接詞有：who(m)，what，which，howmany，howmuch，when，why，how，where，if／whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)等。如：Hehasn'tdecidedifhe'llgoonatriptoWuxi．他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney？你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎？4)連接詞＋名詞＋主語＋謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what，which，howmany，howmuch，how等。如：Doyouknowwhichclassheisin？你知道他在哪個班嗎？SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas．她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。練習(xí)題：(1)Didyoufindout______?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor8/22(2)Areyouinterestedin_____?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit(3)Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare(4)---Whatdidthescientistsay?---Hesaidhewonderedif_____intospacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldflyC.canheflyD.couldhefly(5)Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme____?A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere(6)SheaskedTom________withhiscar?A.whatthematterwasB.whatthematterisC.whatwasthematterD.whatisthematter四、賓語從句的時態(tài)時態(tài)：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句根據(jù)實際情況使用任何時態(tài)。例句：Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.主句是過去時態(tài)，從句須用過去時態(tài)的某種形式。例句：Shewassorrythatshehadn ’tfinishedherworkontime.當(dāng)賓語從句表示的是一個客觀真理或者事實時，即使主句是過去時，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。9/22例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.練習(xí)題：(1)It ’s7:30.Ican ’tbelieveyou___cookingdinnerlly.yet,SaA.haven’tstartedB.didn ’Ct.don’tstartD.hadn’tstarted(2)TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay.A.is B.was C.hasbeenD.willbeTheteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.A.goesB.goC.wentD.willgoWe’dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.A.havepassedB.hadpassedC.passD.willpass(5) “Couldyoutellme______? ”“Yes.They____tothelibrary. ”A.wherearethetwins,havebeen B.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegone D,wherethetwinswere,havegoneA.willbuy B.havebought C.wouldbuy D.buys(7)Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.A.goes B.willgo C.went D.havegone注意：運用虛擬語氣的情況在表示：建議suggest、advise、propose；要求demand、desire、request；等動詞后跟賓語從句，用 (should)+v．(虛擬語氣)Eg：Isuggestedthatyou(should)studyhard.10/22Heorderedthatweshouldgooutatonce.虛擬語氣的用法虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣的用法：虛擬語氣用在簡單句中，表示祝愿，命令。如：Mayyoubehappy.祝你幸福。Mayyouhaveagoodtime.祝愿你玩得痛快。Maythefriendshipbetweenuslastlong.祝愿我們的友情天長地久。Haveagoodjourney!祝愿你旅途愉快！Yougoout！你出去！虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中：動詞wish,suggest,order,insist,propose,等詞后面的賓語從句表示的是一種虛擬語氣，賓語從句中的動詞動作表示的只是一種愿望、要求。如：Iwishshewouldbeonmyside.我希望她能站在我一邊。IwishIcouldhelphim.我希望我能幫助他。Heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans.他堅持要我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒。動詞demand,suggest,order,insist,propose后面的從句中，"should"可以省略。如：Theteachersuggestedthatwe(should)cleantheblackboardafterclass.11/22老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。Heorderedthatthestudentswashtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves.他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。3)虛擬語氣用在主語從句中：在句型 "Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that...."中，that后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should+動詞原形，如：It'snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.我們有必要出去散散步。It'snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.她這樣做是很自然的。It'simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.重要的是我們要照顧好病人。虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中：虛擬語氣最多地用在表示條件的狀語從句和表示結(jié)果的從句中。在表示與事實相反的虛擬語氣時，動詞有三種時態(tài)形式，即現(xiàn)在、過去和將來。A、與現(xiàn)在事實相反的：IfI(we,you,he,they)+動詞過去式..ifI(he,she)were...I(we)should+動詞原形。He(you,they)would+動詞原形。B、與過去事實相反的：IfI(we,you,he,they)+had+過去分詞I(we)should+have+過去分詞。He(you,they)would+have+過去分詞。IfIwereyou,Ishouldbuyit.如果我是你，我就買了它。IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.如果我有時間，我會學(xué)習(xí)法語的。IfsheknewEnglish,shewouldnotaskmeforhelp.如果她懂英語的話，她不會找我?guī)兔Φ摹?2/22Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.如果你早一點起床，就會趕上火車的。Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Iwouldgoshopping. 如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。明白了虛擬語氣的用法就會明白什么時候需要用虛擬語氣了，在表示說話人的一種愿望，假設(shè)，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，或表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實時需要用虛擬語氣。簡化賓語從句常用六法同學(xué)們常會遇到把含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句轉(zhuǎn)化為簡單句，使其與原句意思相同(或相近)的試題。下面就介紹幾種常用的簡化賓語從句的方法：方法一：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree，promise等，且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：LiMinghopeshewillbebackverysoon. →LiMinghopestobebackverysWedecidedthatwewouldhelphim. →Wedecidedtohelphim.方法二：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是know，learn，remember，forget，tell等動詞，且主句主語與從句主語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為 “疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Shehasforgottenhowshecanopenthewindow. →Shehasforgottenhowtopenthewindow.注：當(dāng)主句謂語動詞是tell,ask,show,teach等動詞，且后帶雙賓語，從句主語和間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：13/22CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothestation？方法三：當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是order(命令)，require(需要)等時，如果主句和從句的主語不一致，賓語從句可簡化為“名詞(代詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Theheadmasterorderedthatweshouldstartatonce. →Theheadmasteorderedustostartatonce.方法四：某些動詞后的賓語從句，可以用介詞加動名詞(短語)等其他形式簡化。例如：Heinsistedthatheshouldgowithus. →Heinsistedongoingwithus.Thepoorboydoesn ’tknowwhenandwherehewasborn. →Thepoorboydoesn’tknowthetimeandtheplaceofhisbirth.方法五：某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補足語)”結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：LiuPingfoundthattherewasawalletlyingontheground.→LiuPingfoundawalletlyingontheground.方法六：動詞seem后的賓語從句，也可以用不定式(短語)來簡化，但句型需要進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓?。例如：Itseemedthattheboysweregoingtowin. →Theboysseemedtowin.除上述方法外，還有一些特殊句式的轉(zhuǎn)化。例如：14/22IfoundthatitwasdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.founditdifficulttolearn→IEnglishwell.Soonwefoundthatthegroundwascoveredwiththicksnow.→Soonwethegroundcoveredwiththicksnow.Theyfoundthattheboxwasveryheavy.→Theyfoundtheboxveryheavy.賓語從句練習(xí)1()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.cantakeB.wouldtakeC.takesD.willtake()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travellsD.hadtravelled賓語從句練習(xí)2()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where15/22()3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose賓語從句練習(xí)3()1.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich()2.Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked()3.SheaskedmeifIknew______.A.whosepenisit B.whosepenitwas C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit( )4.Youmustremember________.A.whatyourmothersaid B.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhat D.whathasyourmothersaid16/22( )5Didyouknow____?A.whohewaslookingafterC.whoheislookingfor( )6Couldyoutellme___?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijing

B.whowashelookingforD.whoheislookingafterB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing賓語從句練習(xí) 4A.if;Whether B.whether;Whether C.if;That D.if;IfIdon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended4.Iwanttoknow_________.A.whomisshelookingafter B.whomsheislookingC.whomisshelooking D.whomsheislookingafter5.Doyouknowwhere_________now?A.helives B.doeshelive C.helived D.didhelive6.Doyouknowwhattime_________?A.thetrainleave B.doesthetrainleave C.willthetrainleave D.thetrainleaves7.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareold B.howoldarethetwoplayers17/22C.thetwoplayersarehowold D.howoldthetwoplayersare8.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.A.whatistheirstockingsin B.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsin D.whatintheirstockings9.Ican'tunderstand_________.A.whatdoesChristmasmean B.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoes D.whatChristmasmeans賓語從句練習(xí) 5一、用所給的單詞將下列句子連成一句1.Whatishername? (Idon ’tknow)__________________________________________________________________2.WheredoesDoctorLiuLive?(Doyouknow)__________________________________________________________________Whatdidheloseattherailwaystation?(Wouldyoutellme)__________________________________________________________________Whyisthecinemaclosed?(Iwonder)__________________________________________________________________5.Whendidtheaccidenthappen?(Pleasegoandfindout)18/22__________________________________________________________________Whatforeignlanguagecanyouspeak?(Iwanttoknow)__________________________________________________________________7.Whoseboxisitonthefloor?(I ’mnotsure)__________________________________________________________________Howmuchdidyoupayforthedictionary?(Pleasetellme)__________________________________________________________________Sheisateacher.(Ihear)__________________________________________________________________10.DoesherauntliveinParis?(I ’mnotsure)__________________________________________________________________IsMrs.Leeintheclassroom?(Iasked)____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Mysonishavingacold.(shesaid)__________________________________________________________________19/2214.Willitrainagaintomorrow?(Idon ’tknow)__________________________________________________________________二、選擇題1、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater_______?A．Mumisneeded B．doesMumneed C．Mumneeds D．didMumneed2、Canyoutellme_______?A．whereheis B．whereishe C．heiswhere D．whatishe3、Ididn'tknowhow_______toLondon?A．wouldtheygo B．a(chǎn)retheygoing C．theywouldgo D．theyaregoing4、Iwanttoknowhowlong_______.5、Doyouknow_______?A．whatthenewsareB．whatisthenewsC．whatthenewsisD．whatarethenews6、Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhe_______free.A．was B．willbe C．wouldbe D．is7、Hewillwritetoyouassoonashe_______toShanghai.A．gets B．isgetting C．willget D．shallget8、Father_______musicwhenhe_______youngA．liked ?was B．liked ?isC．likes ?was D．likes ?is20/229、Ilikedsports_______Iwasyoung.A．somuchas B．somuchthat C．verymuchwhen D．verymuchbecause0、_______mothergothome,Iwastidyingmyroom.A．After B．When C．Assoonas D．Before1、Theteacherdidn'tbeginherclass_______thestudentsstoppedtalking.A．until B/