考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州大學(xué)華軟軟件學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-廣州大學(xué)華軟軟件學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thesedesksandseatscanbe______totheheighttoanychild.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.adapted

B.adopted

C.adjusted

D.attached

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapted“適應(yīng)”；B選項(xiàng)adopted“采用”；C選項(xiàng)adjusted“調(diào)整；校正”；D選項(xiàng)attached“附加”。句意：這些課桌和椅子可以______到任何孩子的高度。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指這些課桌和椅子可以調(diào)整高度，所以adjusted“調(diào)整”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Hestood（）amongathousanddimlyimaginedpossibilities.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.faltering

B.wavering

C.pausing

D.hesitating

【答案】B

【解析】詞義辨析題。faltering蹣跚,

猶豫的,

支吾的；wavering搖擺的,猶豫不決；pause暫停,

躊躇；hesitating

猶豫的。句意：他在一千種模模糊糊想象出來(lái)的可能性中猶豫不決。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

3.翻譯題

Motherlanguages,alongwithlinguisticdiversity,matterfortheidentityofindividuals.Assourcesofcreativityandvehiclesforculturalexpression,theyarealsoimportantforthehealthofsocieties.Notleast,languagesarefactorsfordevelopmentandgrowth.Weknowhowimportanteducationinthemotherlanguageisforlearningoutcomes.Motherlanguageinstructionisapowerfulwaytofightdiscriminationandreachouttomarginalizedpopulation.Aswellspringsofknowledge,languagesarealsostartingpointsforgreatersustainabilityindevelopment,formanagingmoreharmoniouslyourrelationshipwiththeenvironmentandchange.

【答案】母語(yǔ)，以及語(yǔ)言多樣性，對(duì)個(gè)體的身份認(rèn)同至關(guān)重要。作為創(chuàng)造力的來(lái)源和文化表達(dá)的工具，它們對(duì)社會(huì)的健康也很重要。重要的是，語(yǔ)言是發(fā)展和增長(zhǎng)的因素。我們知道母語(yǔ)教育對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)成果的重要性。母語(yǔ)教學(xué)是消除歧視和接觸邊緣人口的有力途徑。語(yǔ)言作為知識(shí)的源泉，也是提高發(fā)展可持續(xù)性、更和諧地管理我們與環(huán)境和變革的關(guān)系的起點(diǎn)。

4.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn'tbebadeither,butthatwon'thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantland,leavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?Allreligionshavecertaindayswhenpeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity'ssevendeadlysins.However,untilquiterecently,mostpeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat-orevenonlysomewhatoverweight-isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（

）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,andoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat

（

）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight

（

）.

4.What’stheauthor'sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen'sobsessionwiththinness（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastoseekhelpformrichdistantrelatives.

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack.

C.hastogoonadiet.

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality.

C.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune.

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime.

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich.

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective.

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview.

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint.

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘受流行趨勢(shì)的影響，作者做什么？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第二句“Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter-orworse-partofmylife.我自己也有穿窄身名牌服裝的幻想。因此，在我的生活中，無(wú)論好壞，我都在節(jié)食?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“不得不節(jié)食”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘在作者看來(lái)，現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是什么？’根據(jù)第一段“Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchavirtue.女人不能太有錢也不能太瘦。這句話經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是已故溫莎公爵夫人說(shuō)的，它體現(xiàn)了我們這個(gè)時(shí)代的許多古怪精神。苗條被認(rèn)為是一種美德。”以及根據(jù)第四段中“Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.今天情況正好相反。我們已經(jīng)把瘦變成了美德的新標(biāo)志?！笨芍髡哒J(rèn)為現(xiàn)在奇怪的現(xiàn)象是B選項(xiàng)“苗條被認(rèn)為是一種非常理想的品質(zhì)”。

3.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘人類歷史上人們對(duì)體重的看法？’根據(jù)文章第三段最后一句“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.在一些宗教團(tuán)體中，財(cái)富是救贖和高尚道德的象征，而肥胖則是財(cái)富和幸福的象征?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“與他們的宗教信仰密切相關(guān)”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)那些專注于瘦身的女性有什么忠告？’根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中“...inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldisease.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem-toomuchfatandalackoffiber-thanaweightproblem.在許多情況下，肥胖與增加心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)息息相關(guān)。不過(guò)除了超重，這些疾病也同樣與我們的生活方式及高脂肪飲食習(xí)慣有很大關(guān)系?；枷到y(tǒng)癌癥的相關(guān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能更主要是飲食而非體重問(wèn)題——食物高脂肪低纖維?！币约白詈笠欢沃小癐tisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.如果那些瘦人認(rèn)為他們自然而然就可保持健康，從而不注意總體生活方式，實(shí)際上會(huì)很危險(xiǎn)?！笨芍髡咛岢龇逝?、生活方式與疾病的關(guān)系，確定D選項(xiàng)“他們應(yīng)該更加關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式”符合要求。

5.推理判斷題。題目提問(wèn)‘作者從什么方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷？’根據(jù)最后一段中“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllife-style.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.如果那些變瘦的人(或已經(jīng)變瘦的人)認(rèn)為他們天生就健康，因此不關(guān)注他們的整體生活方式，這實(shí)際上是危險(xiǎn)的。瘦可以是純粹的虛榮?！贝_定作者從健康方面和虛榮心方面批評(píng)了女性對(duì)瘦身的癡迷，B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Inasupermarket,allcommoditiesareopentocustomerswhocanselectwhattheyneed（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withtheirease

B.attheirease

C.attheireasiness

D.withtheireasiness

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。atone'sease是固定短語(yǔ),意為"沒有拘束的"。句意：在超市里,所有的商品都對(duì)顧客開放,顧客可以自由選擇他們需要的東西。

6.單選題

AttheendoftheSecondWorldWar,Americanspendingonresearchanddevelopment（

）

halftheworld’stotal;today,ithasdroppedtoonethird.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.madeup

B.madefor

C.madeupfor

D.madefrom

【答案】A

【解析】句意:二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束吋，美國(guó)在研究和發(fā)展上的支出占世界在這些方面總支出的一半，如今該比例下降到了三分之一。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)短語(yǔ)的過(guò)去式。makeup和解，和好，組成，構(gòu)成，編造，化妝，拿定主意;makefor為…生產(chǎn)；走向，有利于，撲向；makeupfor補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)救；makefrom由…制造，用…制成，以…謀生。

7.單選題

Thosenaughtyboyswerecaught____flowersinthegardenagain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tosteal

B.stealing

C.havingstolen

D.tohavestolen

【答案】B

【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞的用法?，F(xiàn)在分詞放在另一動(dòng)作之后，表示主語(yǔ)在進(jìn)行謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)向所表示的動(dòng)作的同時(shí)正在進(jìn)行另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，此時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞起修飾或陪襯的作用。句意：那些淘氣的男孩又在花園里偷花被抓了，因此根據(jù)句意B項(xiàng)為正確答案。catch的常見用法catchsbdoingsth“發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事”，轉(zhuǎn)換為被動(dòng)用法則是sbbecaughtdoingsth，因此A和D項(xiàng)均錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)使用的是現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，與句意不符，故排除。

8.寫作題

ThegraphbelowshowsthedifferentmodesoftransportusedtotraveltoandfromworkinoneEuropeancityin1950,1970and1990.Writeareportforauniversitylecturerdescribingtheinformationinthegraphandgivingpossiblereasonsforthechangeofthemodes.

【答案】略

9.單選題

BillGatesisnottheonlyAmericanentrepreneurwithbusinessplantosavetheworld.D.Therearethousands.ConsiderSteveKirsch,whohadjustturned35whenhehadeveiythingeverythinghecouldwant.Adobe,thesoftwaregiant,hadjustpurchasedoneofhisstartups,Eframe.,ThesalemadeKirschveryrich,withashareinaprivatejet,anestateinCalifornia’sLosAltosHillsandaburningquestion:whattodowiththerestofa$50millionfortune?Afterafewyearsofdolingoutmoneytotraditionalcharities—hisalmamater,theUnitedWay—Kirschgotambitious.Hesetuphisownfoundationtobenefit“everyone”,fundingresearchoneverythingfromcancertonear-earthobjects."“Itisguaranteedthatwewillbehitbyanasteroidsometimeinthefuture,，”perhaps“beforeweendthisphoneconversation.”Kirschexplains.“Itwouldcostseveralbillionlives,andwecansavethoselivesfor$50million,whichislessthanthecostofaprivatejet.Icallitenlightenedself-interest.”

Americanphilanthropyisn’twhatitusedtobe.Gonearethedayswhenoldmoneywasdoledoutbybureaucratsfrommahogany-paneledrooms.Morepeoplearegivingoutmoremoneythaneverbefore,atmuchyoungerages,andtoamuchwidervarietyofcauses.In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving.Thenumberofprivatefoundationsrosefrom22,000in1980to55,000today.Theynowdoleoutabout$23.3billionayear,a700percentincreasesince1980.Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.VanessaKirsch,presidentandfounderoftheentrepreneurialcharityNewProfitInc.,says,“There’sthisnewbreedofsocialentrepreneurscomingoutofHarvardBusinessSchoolorfaileddot-coms,andthey’resaying,'‘Iwanttomakebigthingshappen.’”’’

Theiroutlookisincreasinglyglobal,intheGatesmold.D.Theshareoffundingthatthe1,000largestfoundationsdevotetointeractionalcausesjumpedfrom11.3percentin1999to16.3percentin2000.AndwhiletheU.S,governmentisoftencriticizedforstingyforeignaid(wellunder1percentofGNPeachyear),thesamecan’tbesaidofprivatedonors,whonowgiveaway2.1percentofU.S.GNPeachyear.“NonationcomesevenremotelyclosetotheU.S.onthesethings,”saysScottWalkerofthePhilanthropyRoundtable.“Ifyou’reinSwedenorFrance,it’ssomethingthegovernmentissupposedtodo.IfyouwereinEngland,itisthenobility.Americansdon’tthinkit’senoughtosay,‘Igaveattheofficewithtaxes.’”’’

Tobesure,businessandphilanthropyareoldbedfellowsintheUnitedStates.TheRockefellers,theCarnegiesandtheFordssetthemold.D.ButmanywerewhatMarkDowie,authorof“AmericanFoundations:AnInvestigativeHistory,，”calls“s.o.b.B.s”—patronsof“symphonies,operas,ballets,”and“museumsandhospitalswhererichpeoplegotodie.”Thenewfoundationsaremorelike“quasi-publictrusts—progressiveinstitutionsofchange,”arguesDowie.

ThenewmoversandshakersofAmericancharityaremorelikelytobeflashyTVtitanslikeTedTurner.ThestoryofhowTurnergaveawayabillionisafoundinglegendofthisclass.InacabonhiswaytomakeaspeechattheUnitedNations,thecabletitan,sickofofficialU.S.reluctancetopayU.N.dues,decidedtoponyupI$1billionhimself.ThisshamedWashingtonandinspiredimitators.“Itisalotmorepersonality-orientedinthiscultureofnewwealth.,”saysEllenDadisman,vicepresidentoftheCouncilonFoundations.“It’ssortoflikewealthmeetsPeoplemagazine.”

InSiliconValley,thenewfashioniscalled“venturephilanthropy”,Accordingtoonesurvey,

83percentofvalleyhouseholdsgivetocharity,comparedwith69percentnationally.Buttheypreferto“invest”,not“give”.Andtoattract“investors”,fund-raiserspromisehands-onmanagementofthenonprofitstheysupport.Theydemandseatsontheboard,setperformancegoalsandplananexitstrategyincaseexpectationsaren’tmet.“Traditionally,foundationshavenotbeenasinvasive,”saysDadisman.“Theydidn’tgotothenonprofitandsay,‘Howmuchareyoupayingforrent?Whyareyouusingtheseold-fashionedcomputers?’”Itmaybeinvasive,butifitworks,itcouldhelpsavetheworld.D.Evenfromasteroids.

1.WhydoestheauthorintroducesomeAmericanmillionairesatthebeginningofthepassage?

2.TheauthormentionsRonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessas______.

3.Theexpression“whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity”fromthesentence“Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity.”(Para.A.2)means______.

4.WhichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromScottWalker’scomment(Para.A.3)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TointroducetherapidgrowthofAmericanmillionaires

B.Toshowhowtheybecomemillionaires

C.Todisplaytherelationshipbetweenbusinessandphilanthropy

D.Toexplaintheirchangingattitudetowardscharities

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.RonaldReaganwasthethenAmericanPresident

B.hiscallwasseverelycriticizedbythepublic

C.RonaldReaganfirstunderstoodthesignificanceofprivatefoundations

D.hiscallreceivedmixedresponsesbutpointedthewayforphilanthropy

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whoruncharitiesinthesamewayastheyrunbusinesses

B.whoupholdtheprinciplesofbusinessinmanagingcharities

C.whomanagethemoneytheysendtocharities

D.whothinkphilanthropistsshouldreceivetraining

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.CharitiesinEuropeancountriesarerunbythegovernmentaldepartment

B.AmericashouldearnestlylearnthepracticeofcharityfromFranceandSweden

C.EuropeancountriesshouldlearnfromAmericancharity

D.TheconceptofAmericancharityisdifferentfromthatofEuropeanones

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Charitieswillbecomeprofitablebusinessesinthefuture

B.MorepeopleinSiliconValleygivemoneytocharity

C.Managementofcharitiesisrequiredtoundergochanges

D.Foundationsarebeginningtocheckhowthecharitiesarerunning

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章主要講述了很多億萬(wàn)富翁投身于慈善事業(yè)，開啟了慈善事業(yè)的新的模式，因此選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第二段提到里根呼吁用私人慈善機(jī)構(gòu)來(lái)取代政府的捐贈(zèng)引起了自由派的嘲笑和捐贈(zèng)狂潮（In1980s,RonaldReagan’scallforprivatecharitytoreplacegovernmentlargessewasgreetedwithhootsofliberalderision—andanoutbreakofgiving），由此可知對(duì)他的做法褒貶不一，因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。文章第二段提到里根呼吁私人慈善機(jī)構(gòu)代替政府捐贈(zèng)之后，捐贈(zèng)狂潮涌現(xiàn)，他們很多都是資本家的后代，把商業(yè)的語(yǔ)言帶入了慈善事業(yè)（Andmanyaretheoffspringofcapitalists,whobringthelanguageofbusinesstocharity），根據(jù)后文都是在講述如何將商業(yè)的規(guī)則用于慈善事業(yè)，因此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。文章第三段提到ScottWalker的觀點(diǎn)，他認(rèn)為美國(guó)的私人慈善是其他國(guó)家無(wú)法比擬的，其他國(guó)家的慈善都是國(guó)家負(fù)責(zé)（“NonationcomesevenremotelyclosetotheU.S.onthesethings,”saysScottWalkerofthePhilanthropyRoundtable.“Ifyou’reinSwedenorFrance,it’ssomethingthegovernmentissupposedtodo…），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意，美國(guó)慈善的概念與歐洲其他國(guó)家的不同。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章最后一段提到基金會(huì)并沒有侵略性，換句話說(shuō)，基金會(huì)不會(huì)不干涉慈善的運(yùn)作（“Traditionally,foundationshavenotbeenasinvasive,”saysDadisman.“Theydidn’tgotothenonprofitandsay,‘Howmuchareyoupayingforrent?Whyareyouusingtheseold-fashionedcomputers?’”），因此選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

10.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.

B.WithDr.Smithat10onTuesday

C.WithDr.Jonesat10onWednesday.

D.WithDr.Jonesat10onTuesday.

【答案】A

【解析】14.M:Ineedtocomeinandseethedoctor.IhavereallyitchyskinandthinkImayhavetohaveitlookedat.

W:IhopetimesavailableforTuesdayorWednesday,whichonewouldworkbestforyou?

M:IwanttocomeinonWednesday.

W:Icanfityouinonthatdayatten,doctorSmithorDoctorJonesisavailable.

M:IwouldpreferDoctorSmith.

Q:Whatistheman’sappointment?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干為：男士預(yù)約了什么？由文中“IwanttocomeinonWednesday.（我想星期三來(lái)。）”和“Icanfityouinonthatdayatten（我可以幫你預(yù)約那天上午10點(diǎn)。）”以及“IwouldpreferdoctorSmith.（我想約史密斯醫(yī)生。）”，可知A選項(xiàng)“WithDr.Smithat10onWednesday.（周三上午10點(diǎn)史密斯醫(yī)生。）”符合原文。

11.翻譯題

Modernscience,particularlyphysics,isbeingforced,underpressureofitsownadvances,toacknowledgethatthetruthsitoffersaretruenotinanabsolutebutinapoeticsense,thatitslawsarecontingent,thatitsfactsareakindofmetaphor.Ofcourse,artandsciencearefundamentallydifferentintheirmethods,andintheirends.Thedoingofscienceinvolvesalevelofrigorunattainabletoart.Ascientifichypothesiscanbeproven—or,perhapsmoreimportantly,disproven—butapoem,apicture,orapieceofmusic,cannot.Yetintheiroriginsartandscienceareremarkablysimilar.

【答案】現(xiàn)代科學(xué)，尤其是物理學(xué)，在自身進(jìn)步的壓力下，被迫承認(rèn)它所提供的真理不是絕對(duì)的，而是詩(shī)意的，它的規(guī)律是偶然的，它的事實(shí)是一種隱喻。當(dāng)然，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)在方法上、在目的上是根本不同的?？茖W(xué)所涉及的嚴(yán)格程度是藝術(shù)所無(wú)法企及的。一個(gè)科學(xué)假設(shè)可以被證明——或者，也許更重要的是，被否定——但一首詩(shī)、一幅畫或一首音樂卻不能。然而，藝術(shù)和科學(xué)在其起源上是非常相似的。

12.單選題

（）workingonhiscompositionthedaybefore,hewouldhavefinisheditbynow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Wouldhestart

B.Hadhestarted

C.Ifheistostart

D.Ifhewasstarting

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。由thedaybefore后半句wouldhavefinishedbynow可知空格處發(fā)生的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的虛擬，從句用had+Ved.故B項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果他昨天就開始寫作的話，他現(xiàn)在就已經(jīng)完成了。故B項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Thenewtechnologywillgreatly（）foodproductioninChinatofeedmorepeopleonsuchdenselypopulatedland.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boom

B.bound

C.boost

D.bounce

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。C選項(xiàng)boost“促進(jìn)”正確；A選項(xiàng)boom“使興旺”；B選項(xiàng)bound“界限”；D選項(xiàng)bounce“跳”。本句表示“這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)將大大提高中國(guó)的糧食產(chǎn)量，在人口如此密集的土地上養(yǎng)活更多的人”糧食產(chǎn)量需要提高和促進(jìn)。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Humanbeingsareanimals.Webreathe,eatanddigest,andreproducethesamelife（1）commontoallanimals.Inabiologicallaboratory,rats,monkeys,andhumansseemverymuchthesame.

However,biologicalunderstandingisnotenough:（2）itself,itcannevertelluswhathumanbeingsare.（3）toourphysicalequipment—thenakedhumanbody―wearenotan（4）animal.Wearetropicalcreatures,（5）hairlessandsensitivetocold.Wearenotfastandhaveneitherclawsnorsharpteethtodefendourselves.Weneedalotoffoodbuthavealmostnophysicalequipmenttohelpustogetit.Inthepurelyphysical（6）ourspeciesseemsapoor（7）forsurvival.

Butwehavesurvived-survivedandmultipliedand（8）theearth.Somedaywewillhavea（9）livingonthemoon,aplacewithneitherairnorwaterandwithtemperaturesthatturngasesintosolids.Howcanwehavedoneallthesethings?Partoftheanswerisphysical.（10）itslimitations,ourphysicalequipmenthassomeimportant（11）Wehaveexcellentvisionandhandsthatcan（12）objectswithaprecisionunmatchedbyanyother（13）.Mostimportantly,wehavealargebrainwithanalmost（14）numberofneural（15）.

Wehaveusedthisphysicalequipmenttocreateculture,thekeytooursurvivalandsuccess.IfweliveintheArctic,wesupplythewarmthourtropicalbodiesneed（16）clothing,shelter,and（17）heat.Ifamillionpeoplewanttoliveinadesertthatsuppliesnaturalfoodforonlyafewhundred,wefindwatertogrowfoodand（18）deficitsbytransportingsuppliesfromdistantplaces.Inhabitantsofoureventualmooncolonywillbringtheirownfoodandoxygenandthencreateanartificialearthenvironmenttosupplynecessities.Withculture,wecanovercomeournaturallimitations.

Itwasnotalways（19）.Ourdistantancestorswerejustanimals,facedwiththelimitsoftheirphysicalequipment.Theyhadno（20）andlackedthephysicalcapacitytouseit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.processes

B.acts

C.modes

D.procedures

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.On

B.With

C.For

D.By

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Stripped

B.Pared

C.Peeled

D.Removed

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.intelligent

B.impressive

C.influential

D.incentive

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.barely

B.hardly

C.nearly

D.scarcely

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.meaning

B.judgment

C.perspective

D.sense

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.bet

B.chance

C.fact

D.luck

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.filled

B.loaded

C.stuffed

D.scattered

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.residence

B.colony

C.home

D.empire

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.Apartfrom

B.Withregardto

C.Withtheexceptionof

D.Inspiteof

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.abilities

B.potentials

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.maneuver

B.manage

C.manipulate

D.manufacture

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.animal

B.animals

C.creatures

D.creature44.

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.infinite

B.unknown

C.boundless

D.ceaseless

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.connections

B.relations

C.activities

D.accesses

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.to

C.with

D.by

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.artificial

B.fake

C.unreal

D.unauthentic

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.addup

B.breakup

C.makeup

D.cutup

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.this

B.thus

C.hence

D.that

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.intellect

B.equipment

C.competence

D.culture

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:A

第8題:A

第9題:B

第10題:D

第11題:B

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:D

第17題:A

第18題:C

第19題:B

第20題:D

【解析】（1）考查名詞詞義辨析。process“過(guò)程；進(jìn)行；步驟”；act“行動(dòng)；法令，法案；（戲劇，歌劇的）一幕”；mode“模式；方式；風(fēng)格”；procedure“程序；手續(xù)；步驟”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵何覀兒粑?、進(jìn)食、消化和重現(xiàn)生命過(guò)程的這些模式與動(dòng)物非常像。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（2）考查固定搭配。byitself“獨(dú)自”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（3）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。strip“剝奪；剝?nèi)ァ?；pare“消減；削皮；剪；修掉（邊等）”；peel“剝落；削”；remove“移動(dòng)；遷移”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵好摰粑覀兊囊路冻龀嗦愕娜祟惿眢w，我們不再是給人印象深刻的一種動(dòng)物。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（4）考查形容詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?3題，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（5）考查副詞詞義辨析。barely“僅僅”；hardly“幾乎不”；nearly“幾乎；密切地”；scarcely“幾乎不”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵何覀兪且环N熱情的生物，身上幾乎沒有毛，對(duì)冷很敏感。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（6）考查固定搭配。inthesense“從這種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)”。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（7）考查名詞詞義辨析。bet“打賭，賭注”；chance“機(jī)會(huì)”；fact“事實(shí)”；luck“運(yùn)氣”。空格處所在句子的句意是：從物體的意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，我們這個(gè)物種在生存上似乎不是一個(gè)好的賭注。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（8）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。fill“裝滿；充滿；擠滿”；load“使擔(dān)負(fù)”；stuff“塞滿；填塞”；scatter“使散開；使散播”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵寒?dāng)時(shí)我們生存下來(lái)了，數(shù)量不斷增加，并且擠滿在世界的各個(gè)地方。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（9）考查邏輯關(guān)系。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到oureventualmooncolony“我們最后的月球聚居地”。所以選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（10）考查介詞詞組辨析。apartfrom“除······之外”；withregardto“關(guān)于，至于”；withtheexceptionof“除了······之外”；inspiteof“盡管”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵罕M管我們的身體有很多局限，但是我們的身體設(shè)備有很多的潛能。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（11）考查名詞詞義辨析。ability“能力”；potential“潛能”；capability“才能，能力”；possibility“可能性”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?0題，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（12）考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。maneuver“機(jī)動(dòng)；演習(xí)”；manage“管理；經(jīng)營(yíng)”；manipulate“操縱；操作”；manufacture“制造；加工；捏造”?？崭裉幘渥铀诰湟猓何覀冇兄鴺O好的視力和一雙能精確使用物體上的雙手，這是其他動(dòng)物無(wú)法相比的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（13）考查名詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?2題。根據(jù)空格前的anyother可知空格處需要填入一個(gè)可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（14）考查形容詞詞義辨析。infinite“無(wú)限的，無(wú)窮的”；unknown“未知的；不出名的”；boundless“無(wú)限的，無(wú)邊無(wú)際的”；ceaseless“不斷的；不停的”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵焊匾氖牵覀儞碛袔缀鯚o(wú)限數(shù)量神經(jīng)連接的大腦。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（15）考查名詞詞義辨析?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟鈪⒖嫉?4題。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（16）考查介詞辨析。for“為了；因?yàn)?；給”；to“到；向”；with“用；隨著；和······在一起”；by“通過(guò)；被；經(jīng)由”?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵喝绻覀兙幼≡诒睒O區(qū)，我們通過(guò)衣服、遮蓋物和人造的取暖設(shè)備來(lái)供應(yīng)我們熱帶身體所需的保暖?？芍崭裉幮枰畹慕樵~有“通過(guò)”的意思，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

（17）考查形容詞詞義辨析。artificial“人造的；仿造的；虛偽的”；fake“偽造的”；unreal“不真實(shí)的；假的”；unauthentic“不確實(shí)的；不真實(shí)的”。空格處所在句子的句意參考第46題，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

（18）考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。addup“合計(jì)；加起來(lái)”；breakup“打碎；結(jié)束”；makeup“組成；補(bǔ)足；編造”；cutup“切碎”。___deficits(差額)與“bytransportingsuppliesfromdistantplaces”(通過(guò)從遠(yuǎn)方運(yùn)送補(bǔ)給)可知對(duì)應(yīng)的是“補(bǔ)足差額”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

（19）考查固定搭配。Itwasnotalwaysthus/thatway“事情也不總是那樣”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

（20）考查名詞詞義辨析。intellect“智力；知識(shí)分子”；equipment“設(shè)備，裝備；器材”；competence“勝任；能力”；culture“文化”。文章倒數(shù)第二段提到“我們?nèi)祟愑蒙眢w設(shè)備，比如手和大腦等創(chuàng)造了對(duì)我們生存和成功至關(guān)重要的文化”，而最后一段提到我們的祖先不會(huì)使用這些設(shè)備，可以推斷是缺乏相應(yīng)的文化?？崭裉幩诰渥拥木湟馐牵核麄儧]有文化，也缺乏使用自身身體設(shè)備的能力。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

15.單選題

AfamilysquabbleforoneofAsh’sgreatestfortunes（）yesterdayaslawmakersandrelativesofStanleyHo,theMacaocasinotycoon,arguedoverthevalidityofacontroversialsharetransfer.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.burstopen

B.burstoutopen

C.burstintoopen

D.burstintotheopen

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。根據(jù)固定搭配burstinto“突然進(jìn)入……”，選項(xiàng)A和B可排除，into后接一個(gè)名詞，theopen作名詞形式。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

16.單選題

Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds——sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.

Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoy-ancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesan-noyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.

Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessarya-mountsofrest.

Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbe-tweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.

1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”isusedtomean（）.

2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?

4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit（）.

5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.unaffectedby

B.hurtby

C.unlikelytobeseenby

D.unknownby

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.unrealistic

B.traditional

C.concerned

D.hysterical

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.

B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.

C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.

D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.isagainstthelaw

B.canmakesomepeopleirritable

C.isanuisance

D.isadangertopeople’shealth