考研考博-英語(yǔ)-惠州城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-惠州城市職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Theaccuracyofscientificobservationsandcalculationsisalwaysatthemercyofthescientist'stimekeepingmethods.Forthisreasonscientistsareinterestedindevicesthatgivepromiseofmoreprecisetimekeeping.

Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir“ticking”.Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor“ticks”24billiontimesasecond.

Onesuchatomicclockissoaccuratethatitwillprobablylosenomorethanasecondin3000years.Itwillbeofgreatimportanceinfieldssuchasastronomicalobservationandlong-rangenavigation.TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthat-vibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.

AnatomicclockthatoperateswithanammoniamoleculemaybeusedtochecktheaccuracyofpredictionsbasedonEinstein’srelativitytheories,accordingtowhichaclockinmotionandaclockatrestshouldkeeptimedifferently.Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.Whateverdifferencesdevelopedwouldbecheckedagainstthedifferencespredicted.

1.Scientistsexpectthattheatomicclockwillbe（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

3.Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

4.Theword“vibration”inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.absolutelyaccurate

B.moreprecise.

C.heat-resistant

D.differentinvibration

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Temperaturechangesaffectthevibrationrateofammoniamolecules.

B.Therateofvibrationofanatomdoesnotvary.

C.Einstein’srelativitytheoriesarebasedonthevibrationofatoms.

D.Temperaturechangesmayaffectthespeedatwhichatomstravel.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.precisetimekeepingisnotpossibleatall

B.scientistsexpecttodisproveEinstein'srelativitytheories

C.atomicclockswillbeimportantinspaceflight

D.clockinmotionandadockatrestkeeptimedifferently.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.pulse

B.precision

C.movement

D.accuracy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Peacetimeuseoftheatoms

B.Atomsandmolecules

C.Thesatellitetimekeepers

D.Theroleoftheclockintheastronomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“Intheirsearchforprecision,scientistshaveturnedtoatomicclocksthatdependonvariousvibratingatomsormoleculestosupplytheir‘ticking’.”，中文翻譯為：在追求精確性過(guò)程中，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)向于原子鐘，它依賴于各種振動(dòng)的原子或分子，以提供它們的“滴答聲”。綜合可知，B選項(xiàng)符合題意，科學(xué)家們希望原子鐘更加準(zhǔn)確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第三段中“TheheartofthisAtomichronisacesiumatomthatvibrates9.2billiontimesasecondwhenheatedtothetemperatureofboilingwater.”，中文翻譯為：這個(gè)原子鐘的中心是一個(gè)銫原子，當(dāng)加熱到沸水的溫度時(shí)，它每秒振動(dòng)92億次。因此，A項(xiàng)“溫度變化影響氨分子的振動(dòng)速率”正確。

3.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章尾段“Placedinanorbitingsatellitemovingataspeedof18,000milesanhour,theclockcouldbroadcastitstimereadingtoagroundstation,wheretheywouldbecomparedwiththereadingsonasimilarmodel.”，中文翻譯為：在以每小時(shí)18000英里的速度運(yùn)行的軌道衛(wèi)星中，時(shí)鐘可以將其時(shí)間讀數(shù)廣播到地面站，并在地面站與類似模型上的讀數(shù)進(jìn)行比較?？梢酝茰y(cè)出C選項(xiàng)“原子鐘在太空飛行中將起重要作用”。

4.詞義猜測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“vibration”可以定位到文中“Thisispossiblebecauseeachkindofatomormoleculehasitsowncharacteristicrateofvibration.”，中文翻譯為：這是可能的，因?yàn)槊糠N原子或分子都有其特有的……速率。以及“Thenitrogenatominammonia,forexample:vibratesor‘ticks’24billiontimesasecond.”，中文翻譯為：例如，氨中的氮原子每秒……或“滴答”240億次。可以得知A選項(xiàng)“振動(dòng)”正確。

5.主旨大意題。通讀全文可知文中主要介紹原子鐘的計(jì)時(shí)精確度、特性和相關(guān)原理，以及它在天文領(lǐng)域的一些應(yīng)用。推測(cè)出A選項(xiàng)“和平時(shí)期原子的使用”正確。

2.單選題

Havingfinishedtheirmorningwork,theclerksstoodupbehindtheirdesks,（

）themselves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.expanding

B.stretching

C.prolonging

D.extending

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)expand“擴(kuò)張，使膨脹”；B選項(xiàng)stretch“伸展，張開(kāi)”；C選項(xiàng)prolong“延長(zhǎng)，拖延（延長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）”；D選項(xiàng)extend“延伸，擴(kuò)大，推廣，伸出”。stretchoneself固定搭配的意思是“伸懶腰，伸展身體”，句意為：做完早上的工作后，職員們從桌子后面站起來(lái)，伸展伸展身體。故正確答案選B。

3.單選題

Acobwebglisteningwithdewseemsas______asitislovely.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.frigid

B.fragile

C.strident

D.tedious

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)frigid“寒冷的，嚴(yán)寒的；冷淡的”；B選項(xiàng)fragile“脆的；易碎的”；C選項(xiàng)strident“刺耳的；尖銳的；吱吱尖叫的；軋軋作響的”；D選項(xiàng)tedious“沉悶的；冗長(zhǎng)乏味的”。由“有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又_____，又可愛(ài)”可知空格處的詞語(yǔ)要與cobweb（蜘蛛網(wǎng)）在邏輯上搭配，且與lovely的感情色彩一致，句意：有露珠閃爍的蜘蛛網(wǎng)看上去又脆弱，又可愛(ài)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Leonardojustdiscoveredthathispassporthad（

）threemonthsago.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.constrained

B.abolished

C.amended

D.expired

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。constrain意為“強(qiáng)迫”；abolish意為“廢除，廢止”；amend意為“改良，修改”；expire意為“(因到期而)失效，到期”。

句意：Leonardo剛剛發(fā)現(xiàn)他的護(hù)照已經(jīng)過(guò)期三個(gè)月了。

5.單選題

“TheGooglebrandhastakenonalifeofitsown,”concedesJimLanzone,thebossofA,thefourth-largestbutfastest-growingsearchengine,andthissimultaneouslyfrustratesanddelightshim.Itfrustrateshimbemusepeoplesaythey“Google”thingsevenwhentheygotoAskorotherenginestosearchtheweb;bemuseGoogleisconsidered,fornogoodreason(inhisopinion),“thesafechoiceunderpressure”;andbemusemanypeople“don’tseemtowantchoice”andsticktoGoogleoutofmereinertia.

Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram,which,likemanyGoogleproducts,haslittletodowithwebsearchandismeanttoneedleMicrosoft,theworld’slargestsoftwarecompany,whichhasanear-monopolyonspreadsheetsthroughExcel.Google,inotherwords,hasimpressivemomentum,saysMr.Lanzone,butagoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”.

Yahoo!,thelargestinternetportalwithabout400musers(ofitse-mail,instant-messaging,musicandotherproducts),hascomeupwithastrategytodifferentiateitsownsearchengine.Yahoo!hasbeenatthisgameforonlytwoyears,butnowhashundredsofengineersworkingonit.Incontrasttothequasi-religiousfaiththatGoogleplacesinitsmathematicalalgorithms,saysEckartWalther,oneofYahoo!’ssearchbosses,Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”.

Askistakingadifferenttack.IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.Askalsousesthesethematicclusterstosuggestthebestwaystonarroworexpandasearch,afeaturecalled“zoom”thatisverypopular.ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.

AsforMicrosoft,ithasidentifiedGoogleasamortalthreattoitsbusinessandhaslaunchedanall-outefforttocatchupinonlineservicesingeneral,andinsearchinparticular.Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s;butGooglepre-emptedMicrosoftanditselftookadefensivestakeinAOL.Microsofthasalsohiredformerrivalswhoarewellrespectedintheindustry.

1.Whatisthecentralideaofthispassage?

2.WhatisthepotentialcrisisforGoogleaccordingtoJimLanzone?

3.Whatisthepossiblemeaningof“aikido”inParagraph2?

4.WhichofthestatementisNOTtrueaboutExpertRank?

5.WhichisthereactiontakentocopewithGoogle’schallenge?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Googlemanagestoseizemoremarketshareinsoftwarebusiness.

B.Google’sgrowththreatenscompanieslikeMicrosofttoalargeextent.

C.Googledominatestheon-linesearchmarket.

D.Googleisconfrontedwithstiffcompetition.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itsrivalsaretryingtoformalliance.

B.Googleextendsintovariousfields.

C.Googleoverestimatesitstechnique.

D.Google’snewon-lineprogramattractsmoreusers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Observingthepowercontrastbetweenthetwosides.

B.Temporarycompromisinginattempttolaunchaviolentfight-back.

C.Defendingoneselfbymakinguseoftherival’sstrength.

D.Attackingtheobviousweaknessoftheopponent.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Rankingisseldomcountedbythepage’spopularity.

B.Relevantinformationcanbeeffectivelyandefficientlysought.

C.Itsearchesinformationprevailinginexpertsonparticulartopics.

D.ItevenoutdoesGoogle.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Developingspreadsheetswithbetterfunctions.

B.Theadditionofhumanisticconsiderationtoarithmeticrules.

C.Linkingpagesbythemes.

D.CombingtherivalsofGoogle.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段提出谷歌在搜索引擎業(yè)務(wù)的用戶有轉(zhuǎn)向使用其他搜索引擎的意愿，第二段提出谷歌擴(kuò)展業(yè)務(wù)遇到強(qiáng)勁對(duì)手，接下來(lái)三段都在講谷歌的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手具體采取的措施和谷歌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，D選項(xiàng)“谷歌面臨激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“谷歌設(shè)法在軟件業(yè)務(wù)中奪取更多的市場(chǎng)份額”，B選項(xiàng)“谷歌的增長(zhǎng)在很大程度上威脅到了微軟這樣的公司”和C選項(xiàng)“谷歌主導(dǎo)了在線搜索市場(chǎng)”：是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。文章在第一段提出許多人因?yàn)閼T性而用谷歌，第二段第一句提出Butitdelightshim,becauseGoogle,havingmademanyenemies,mustnowfightmanybattles;andbecauseGoogle,perhapsoutofhubris,appearstobegettingdistracted.（但他很高興，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)樹(shù)敵無(wú)數(shù)，現(xiàn)在必須打許多仗；因?yàn)楣雀?，也許是狂妄自大，似乎分心了。），第二段第二句提出Thismonth,forinstance,Googleunveiledafreeonlinespreadsheetprogram（例如，本月谷歌推出了一款免費(fèi)的在線電子表格程序），列舉了谷歌在其他領(lǐng)域的業(yè)務(wù)，可知這里表示的是谷歌的業(yè)務(wù)擴(kuò)展到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，一方面對(duì)外有很多競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者，一方面對(duì)內(nèi)可能精力不足，B選項(xiàng)“谷歌擴(kuò)展到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域”正確。A選項(xiàng)“其對(duì)手正試圖結(jié)成聯(lián)盟”，C選項(xiàng)“谷歌高估了它的技術(shù)”和D選項(xiàng)“谷歌新的在線節(jié)目吸引了更多的用戶”：文中沒(méi)有提到。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。aikido的意思是“合氣道（以擒、摔為主的一種日本武術(shù)）”。根據(jù)第二段最后一句agoodmartial-artistcanusehisopponent’smomentumtoovercomehim,so“we’reusingsearchaikido”（一個(gè)好的武術(shù)家可以利用他的對(duì)手的勢(shì)頭來(lái)戰(zhàn)勝他，所以“我們使用搜索合氣道”），所以在這里合氣道的意思是利用對(duì)手的攻勢(shì)來(lái)反攻對(duì)方，C選項(xiàng)“利用對(duì)手的力量保護(hù)自己”正確。A選項(xiàng)“觀察雙方的力量對(duì)比”，B選項(xiàng)“為了發(fā)動(dòng)暴力反擊而做出的暫時(shí)妥協(xié)”和D選項(xiàng)“攻擊對(duì)手的明顯弱點(diǎn)”：不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Soinsteadofusingawebpage’soverallpopularitytocalculateitsranking,itfindsthepagesthataremostpopularamongexpertsonaparticularsubject,amethodthatoftenreturnsbetterresultsthanGoogle’s.（因此，它不是按照網(wǎng)頁(yè)總瀏覽量來(lái)計(jì)算排序，而是通過(guò)專家對(duì)某個(gè)題目的關(guān)注程度排序，這種方法得到的結(jié)果往往比谷歌更好。），可知完全不以網(wǎng)頁(yè)的受歡迎程度計(jì)算排名，A選項(xiàng)“排序很少以頁(yè)面的受歡迎程度來(lái)計(jì)算”不符合文章內(nèi)容，故正確；C選項(xiàng)“它搜索專家對(duì)特定主題的常關(guān)注的信息”和D選項(xiàng)“它甚至超過(guò)谷歌”符合文章內(nèi)容。根據(jù)第四段最后一句AskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages（在一般的網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一樣好，但在搜索在線地圖和圖像方面要比Genie好），可知B選項(xiàng)“能夠有效和高效地尋找相關(guān)信息”符合文章內(nèi)容。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句ChrisShermanofSearchEngineWatchthinksthatAskisasgoodasGoogleforgeneralwebsearch—butbetterthanGenieforfindingonlinemapsandimages.（SearchEngineWatch的克里斯?謝爾曼認(rèn)為，在一般的網(wǎng)絡(luò)搜索方面，Ask和谷歌一樣好，但在搜索在線地圖和圖像方面要比Genie好。）和第五段第二句Lastwinter,ittriedtobuyitselfmarketsharebynegotiatingwithAOLforamerger—oratleastanagreementunderwhichAOLwouldswitchfromGoogle’ssearchtechnologytoMSN’s（去年冬天，它試圖通過(guò)與AOL的談判來(lái)購(gòu)買自己的市場(chǎng)份額——或者至少達(dá)成一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，讓AOL從谷歌的搜索技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)向MSN的搜索技術(shù)），可知各個(gè)公司在關(guān)注谷歌競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量以及和其他公司聯(lián)合，D選項(xiàng)“觀察聯(lián)合谷歌的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手”正確。A選項(xiàng)“開(kāi)發(fā)功能更好的電子表格”：不是任何一個(gè)公司的舉措。B選項(xiàng)“算術(shù)規(guī)則中增加了對(duì)于人文的考慮”：根據(jù)第三段最后一句Yahoo!is“aboutcombiningthebestofpeoplewiththebestoftechnology”（雅虎是“將最優(yōu)秀的人與最優(yōu)秀的技術(shù)結(jié)合起來(lái)”），可知這是雅虎的措施。C選項(xiàng)“通過(guò)主題鏈接頁(yè)面”：根據(jù)第四段第二句IthascomeupwithExpertRank,analgorithmthatalsorankswebpagesbyincominglinksandlinksbytheme.（Ask推出了“專家排名”算法，該算法還可以根據(jù)傳入鏈接和主題對(duì)網(wǎng)頁(yè)進(jìn)行排名。），可知這是Ask的措施。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Hisparentsgavehimmanyexpensivetoysassomeformof（

）forhislamenessandinabilitytoplayactivegames.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.remedy

B.compensation

C.treatment

D.comfort

【答案】B

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)remedy“補(bǔ)救”；B選項(xiàng)compensation“補(bǔ)償，報(bào)酬”；C選項(xiàng)treatment“治療，處理”；D選項(xiàng)comfort“安慰，舒適”。句意：他的父母給了他許多昂貴的玩具，作為他跛腳而不能玩活動(dòng)類游戲的某種補(bǔ)償。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

7.單選題

Thereismuchdiscussiontodayabouttheneedforthegovernmentto______thetheater.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.substitute

B.subsidize

C.subscribe

D.subordinate

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.substitute代替；取代B.subsidize資助；補(bǔ)助

C.subscribe申請(qǐng)；預(yù)訂D.subordinate使從屬于

【考查點(diǎn)】動(dòng)詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞government和theater，結(jié)合四個(gè)選項(xiàng)可知，政府對(duì)于劇院應(yīng)該是資助，故該題選擇B項(xiàng)符合句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】今天有很多關(guān)于政府資助劇院的必要性的討論。

8.單選題

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Japan.t

B.France.t

C.TheUK.t

D.SouthKorea.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Lowobesityrates.

B.Inadequatehealthresources.

C.Advancedmedicaltechnology.

D.Highlevelsofalcoholconsumption.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityratesindifferentcountries.

B.Dietarypatternsindifferentcountries.

C.Lifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.

D.Alcoholconsumptionindifferentcountries.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:C

【解析】第1題:男性說(shuō)到“Anewanalysisfoundthatbytheyear2030,theSouthKoreawillbetheleaderwithanaveragelifeexpectancyof90years”，說(shuō)明韓國(guó)人的預(yù)期壽命會(huì)在2030年領(lǐng)先。

第2題:最后一句說(shuō)到“ButintheUK,therehasbeenalotmoredrinking”，說(shuō)明在英國(guó)，喝酒的現(xiàn)象很多，因此D選項(xiàng)“大量飲酒”正確。

第3題:對(duì)話以一個(gè)問(wèn)句“whichcountrydoyouthinkhasthecurrenthighestlifeexpectancy（你認(rèn)為哪個(gè)國(guó)家的預(yù)期壽命最高）”開(kāi)頭，再講到了日本、韓國(guó)、英國(guó)及法國(guó)的一些情況，說(shuō)明本段對(duì)話講的主題就是各個(gè)國(guó)家的預(yù)期壽命情況，C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

A（）statementwillverylikelybeonethatappearstobeconvincingonthesurface,butwhich,uponcloserexamination,isnotso.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.plausible

B.reasonable

C.credible

D.laudable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)plausible“看似可信的，花言巧語(yǔ)的”；B選項(xiàng)reasonable“合理的，公道的”；C選項(xiàng)credible“可靠的，可信的”；D選項(xiàng)laudable“可贊譽(yù)的，值得稱贊的”。句意：一個(gè)看似可信的陳述很可能是表面上看起來(lái)令人信服的，但在仔細(xì)檢查后，卻并非如此。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

10.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThehealthprofilesofmanyracialandethnicminoritiesreflectthesocialinequalityevidentintheUnitedStates.(46)ThepooreconomicandenvironmentalconditionsofgroupssuchasAfricanAmericans,Hispanics,andNativeAmericansaremanifestedinhighmorbidityandmortalityratesforthesegroups.Itistruethatsomeafflictions,suchassingle-cellanemiaamongBlacks,haveacleargenericbasis.Butinmostinstances,environmentalfactorscontributetothedifferentialratesofdiseaseanddeath.

Inmanyrespects,themortalityratesforAfricanAmericansaredistressing.ComparedwithWhites,Blackshavehigherdeathratesfromheartdisease,pneumonia,diabetes,andcancer.ThedeathratefromstrokeistwiceashighamongAfricanAmericans.(47)SuchepidemiologicalfindingsreflectinpartthefactthatahighproportionofBlacksarefoundamongthenation’slowerclass.AccordingtotheNationalCenterofHealthStatistics,Whitescanexpecttolive77.7years.Incontrast,lifeexpectancyforBlacksis72.3years(Arias2004).

Asnotedearlier,infantmortalityisregardedasaprimaryindicatorofhealthcare.ThereisasignificantgapintheUnitedStatesbetweentheinfantmortalityratesofAfricanAmericansandWhites.Generally,therateofinfantdeathismorethantwiceashighamongBlacks.AfricanAmericansaccountfor15percentofalllivebirthsinthenationbut29percentofinfantdeaths.PertoRicansandNativeAmericanshavemortalityratesthatarelowerthanAfricanAmericans’buthigherthanWhites’(MacDormanetal.2005).

Themedicalestablishmentisnotexemptfromracism.(48)Unfortunately,themediaoftenfocusonobviousformsofracism,suchashatecrimes,whileoverlookingmoreinsidiousformsinsocialinstitutionslikethemedicalestablishment.Onereviewofmorethan100studiesconductedoverthelastdecadeconcludedthatminoritiesreceiveinferiorcareevenwhentheyareinsured.(49)Despitehavingaccesstocare,Blacks,Latinos,andAmericanIndiansaretreatedunequallyasaresultofracialprejudiceanddifferencesintheequalityofvarioushealthcareplans.Furthermore,nationalclinicalstudieshaveshownthatevenallowingfordifferencesinincomeandinsurancecoverage,racialandethnicminoritiesarelesslikelythanothergroupstoreceivebothstandardhealthcareandlife-savingtreatmentforconditionssuchasHIVinfection(CaesarandWilliams2002;Smedleyetal.2002;Steyerbergetal.2005).

Drawingontheconflictperspective,sociologistHowardWaitzkin(1986)suggeststhatracialtensionsalsocontributetothemedicalproblemsofBlacks.Inhisview,thestressthatresultsfromracialprejudiceanddiscriminationhelpstoexplainthehigherratesofhypertensionfoundamongAfricanAmericans(andHispanics)comparedtoWhites.(50)Hypertension—twiceascommoninBlacksasinWhites—isbelievedtobeacriticalfactorinBlacks’highmortalityratesfromheartdisease,kidneydisease,andstroke(MorehouseMedicalTreatmentandEffectivenessCenter1999).

SomeMexicanAmericansandmanyotherLatinosadheretoculturalbeliefsthatmakethemlesslikelytousetheestablishedmedicalsystem.TheymayinterprettheirillnessaccordingtotraditionalLatinofolkmedicine,orcuranderismo—aformofholistichealthcareandhealing.

【答案】【參考譯文】

46.非洲裔、西班牙裔和美洲土著等群體的經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境條件惡劣表現(xiàn)在這些群體有很高的發(fā)病率和死亡率。

47.這樣的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果在一定程度上反映了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即在美國(guó)的底層人群中，黑人比例較高。

48.不幸的是，媒體往往關(guān)注的是明顯的種族主義形式，如仇恨犯罪，而忽視了社會(huì)機(jī)構(gòu)中存在的更隱蔽的形式，如醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)。

49.盡管有醫(yī)療保障，黑人、拉丁裔和美洲印第安人在不同的醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃的平等程度上受到種族歧視和差異的影響。

50.黑人的高血壓發(fā)病率是白人的兩倍，這被認(rèn)為是黑人患心臟病、腎病和中風(fēng)高死亡率的關(guān)鍵因素。

11.單選題

Insuchachangingandcomplexsociety,formerlysimplesolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confusing

B.acceptable

C.complicated

D.feasible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。confusing令人困惑的，混亂的；acceptable可接受的；complicated復(fù)雜的；feasible可行的，可用的。句意：在今天這個(gè)不斷變化的多元社會(huì)，以前應(yīng)對(duì)信息需求的簡(jiǎn)單的解決方法變得復(fù)雜。根據(jù)changingandcomplexsociety及simplesolutions可推知以前的簡(jiǎn)單方法現(xiàn)在變得更復(fù)雜。答案C

12.單選題

“I’malittleworriedaboutmyfuture,”saidDustinHoffmaninTheGraduate.Heshouldbeluck.AllhehadtoworryaboutwaswhethertohaveanaffairwithMrs.Robinson.Inthesixties,thatwasthesumtotalofpost-graduationanxietysyndrome.

Hoffman’smoderncounterpartsarenotsofortunate.TheMrs.Robinsonsaren’tsittingaroundathomeanymore,seducinggraduates.Theyareoutintheworkplace,doingthehigh-poweredjobsthegraduateswant,butcannotget.Forthosefreshoutofuniversity,desperateforworkbutunabletogetit,thereisabigimbalancebetweensupplyanddemand.Andthereisnonarrowingofthegapinsight.

Thelatestunemploymentfiguresshowthat746,000of18-24year-oldsareunemployed—arecordrateof18percent.Manyofthosewillhavegraduatedthissummer.Theyarenopanickingyet,butasthejobrejectionsmountup,theyarebeginningtofeelashamed.

Ofcourse,itiseasytoblametheGovernmentand,inparticular,thetargetthatLabourhaslongtrumpeted—50percentofschool-leaversinhighereducation.Thatwasnottoosmart.TheGovernmenthasnotonlyfailedtomeetitstarget—theactualfigureisstillcloserto40percent—butithasraisedexpectationstounrealisticlevels.

Parentsfeelasbadlyletdownastheyoungpeoplethemselves.Middle-classfamiliesseetheirgraduateoffspringonthedolequeueandwonderwhytheybotheredpayingschoolfees.Working-classfamiliesfeelanevenkeenersenseofdisappointment.Formanysuchfamilies,gettingachildintouniversitywasthefulfillmentofalifelongdream.Itrepresentedupwardsocialandfinancialmobility.Itwasproofthattheywerelivinginadynamic,economicallysuccessfulcountry.Thatdreamdoesnotseemsorosynow.

Graduateunemploymentisnot,ultimately,apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved.Job-creationschemesforgraduatesareverylowdowninministerialin-trays.IfDavidCameron’sConservativeshadabrilliantideaforguaranteeingeverygraduateawell-paidjob,theywouldhaveunveileditbynow.Itisasocialproblem,thoughamoredeep-seatedsocialproblemthanpeopleperhapsrealize.

26.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinorderto______.

27.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds______.

28.Theauthoris______theLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsiscorrect?

30.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnow

B.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduation

C.demonstratethattheseweremuchfewergraduatesthannow

D.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthen

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.pessimistic

B.hopeful

C.indifferent

D.furious

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.infavourof

B.doubtfulabout

C.stronglycriticalof

D.mildlycriticalof

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.

B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.

C.Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.

D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduates

B.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissue

C.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissue

D.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissue

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】26.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

26.TheauthorbeginswithanepisodefromTheGraduateinorderto______.26.作者以《畢業(yè)生》中的一段插曲作為開(kāi)頭，是為了______。

A.supportthefactthatmorewomenareworkingnowA.支持現(xiàn)在有更多女性工作這一事實(shí)

B.showthatfewgraduatesstartedworkingrightaftergraduationB.說(shuō)明很少有畢業(yè)生一畢業(yè)就開(kāi)始工作

C.demonstratethattheseweremuchfewergraduatesthannowC.說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)的畢業(yè)生要比現(xiàn)在少得多

D.emphasizethesharpcontrastbetweennowandthenD.強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在和那時(shí)之間的鮮明對(duì)比

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞TheGraduate定位到第一段，文章開(kāi)頭以電影《畢業(yè)生》為例，指出60年代畢業(yè)生對(duì)將來(lái)只是有點(diǎn)擔(dān)心，而且擔(dān)心的并不是找不到工作；第二段緊接著指出，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的畢業(yè)生們就沒(méi)有霍夫曼那么幸運(yùn)了，因?yàn)轭愃齐娪啊读_賓森夫人》的女士們占據(jù)著畢業(yè)生們渴望而又無(wú)法得到的高職，供需之間嚴(yán)重失衡。綜合可推斷，這是過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在就業(yè)形勢(shì)的強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)是為了進(jìn)行對(duì)比，并不是題干的目的，屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)定位第二段倒數(shù)第二句中的“渴望工作卻又找不到工作（desperateforworkbutunabletogetit）”可知，B項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

27.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

27.Withregardtojobopportunitiesforyounggraduates,theauthorsounds______.27.關(guān)于年輕畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，作者聽(tīng)起來(lái)______。

A.pessimisticA.很悲觀

B.hopefulB.很有希望

C.indifferentC.很冷漠

D.furiousD.很憤怒

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】定位第二段最后兩句“對(duì)于那些剛走出大學(xué)校門、渴望工作卻又找不到工作的人來(lái)說(shuō)，供需之間存在著巨大的失衡（bigimbalance）。目前還沒(méi)有縮小這一差距的跡象?！?，從此可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)年輕畢業(yè)生就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的態(tài)度是悲觀的，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原文，屬于曲解原文；

D選項(xiàng)也屬于曲解原文，文中沒(méi)有字眼表明作者情緒激烈到憤怒的程度。

28.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

28.Theauthoris______theLabourGovernment’starget:50%ofschoolleaversinhighereducation.28.作者_(dá)_____工黨政府的目標(biāo)：50%的高中畢業(yè)生接受高等教育。

A.infavourofA.支持

B.doubtfulaboutB.懷疑

C.stronglycriticalofC.強(qiáng)烈批評(píng)

D.mildlycriticalofD.溫和批評(píng)

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】定位到第四段第一句“當(dāng)然，指責(zé)政府很容易，尤其是工黨長(zhǎng)期吹噓（trumpeted）的目標(biāo)：50%的高等教育畢業(yè)生”，從trumpeted一詞可知作者對(duì)工黨的做法的嘲諷和不屑之情；結(jié)合第二句“那不太聰明（nottoosmart）”可知，作者對(duì)工黨政府的批評(píng)還是比較溫和，D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文，文中作者明確指出“并未達(dá)到該目標(biāo)（failedtomeetitstarget）”，所以這并不是懷疑的態(tài)度；

C選項(xiàng)也屬于曲解原文，作者雖然批評(píng)工黨的做法，但文中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)批評(píng)的過(guò)激字眼，strongly并沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)出來(lái)。

29.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutparents’feelingsiscorrect?29.以下關(guān)于父母感受的陳述哪一個(gè)是正確的？

A.Working-classparentsfeeljustasdisappointed.A.工薪階層的父母也同樣感到失望。

B.Parentsandtheirchildrenfeelequallydisappointed.B.父母和他們的孩子同樣感到失望。

C.Middle-classparentsfeelmoredisappointed.C.中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的父母感到更失望。

D.Parentsfeelmoredisappointedthantheirchildren.D.父母比孩子更失望。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位文章倒數(shù)第二段首句“父母和年輕人一樣感到非常失望”，可知，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位第五段第三句“工薪階層家庭的失望感更加強(qiáng)烈（anevenkeenersenseofdisappointment）”可知，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)定位第二句“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭看到他們的畢業(yè)生子女在領(lǐng)取失業(yè)救濟(jì)金的隊(duì)伍中，不明白他們?yōu)槭裁匆秾W(xué)費(fèi)”，第一句講的是“父母和孩子一樣失望”，所以中產(chǎn)階級(jí)父母同樣感到失望，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)與原文相反，也屬于反向干擾。

30.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

30.Towardstheendofthepassage,theauthorimpliesthat______.30.在文章的最后，作者暗示______。

A.therewillbejob-creationschemesforgraduatesA.將會(huì)有為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的計(jì)劃

B.graduateunemploymentismoreofapoliticalissueB.大學(xué)生失業(yè)更多的是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題

C.graduateunemploymentisbothapoliticalandasocialissueC.大學(xué)生失業(yè)既是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題，也是一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題

D.theConservativesaredoingfarfromenoughtosolvetheissueD.保守黨在解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題上做得還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】定位到最后一段第一句“從根本上說(shuō)，畢業(yè)生失業(yè)并不是一個(gè)有待解決的政治問(wèn)題（apoliticalproblemreadytobesolved）”，換句話說(shuō)，畢業(yè)生失業(yè)是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題，但是不容易解決；最后一句又說(shuō)“這是一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題（asocialproblem），盡管這個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題比人們可能意識(shí)到的更根深蒂固”，所以畢業(yè)生失業(yè)問(wèn)題既是一個(gè)政治問(wèn)題也是一個(gè)社會(huì)問(wèn)題，C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)定位最后一段第二句“為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的計(jì)劃在政府部門的公文中處于非常低的位置”可知，為畢業(yè)生創(chuàng)造就業(yè)的計(jì)劃暫時(shí)沒(méi)有，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

B選項(xiàng)不全面，屬于以偏概全；

D選項(xiàng)作者明確指出，這個(gè)問(wèn)題不是想解決就能解決的政治問(wèn)題，所以屬于曲解原文。

13.單選題

Thereceptionwasattendedby（）membersofthelocalcommunity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.excellent

B.conspicuous

C.prominent

D.noticeable

【答案】C

【解析】C選項(xiàng)prominent意為“突出的；著名的”。句意：參加這次招待會(huì)的是當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的（）人士。A選項(xiàng)excellent極好的；B選項(xiàng)conspicuous顯而易見(jiàn)的；C選項(xiàng)prominent突出的；著名的；D選項(xiàng)noticeable引人注目的，C選項(xiàng)prominent符合句意。

14.單選題

Inrecentyears,wehaveallwatchedtheincreasingcommercializationofthecampus.Thenumerousadvertisingpostersandthegoldenarchesoffastfoodoutletsmaybeanaffronttoouraestheticsensibilities,buttheyare,arguably,noworsethanugly.Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however,constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrevere.“Privatization”andthe“businessmodel”arethepotentialmenace.

Whatdothesenotionsmean?Tome,theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandphilanthropyforoperatingtheuniversity;anincreasedamountofourresourcesbeingdirectedtoappliedorso-calledpracticalsubjects,bothinteachingandinresearch;aproprietarytreatmentofresearchresults,withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge;andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.Wepayincreasingattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofour“customers”and,astheoldsayinggoes,“thecustomerisalwaysright”.

Privatizationisparticularlyfrighteningfromthepointofviewofpublicwell-being.Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithapharmaceuticalcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.Herdismissalcausedascandal,andshewassubsequentlyreinstated.Theuniversityandhospitalinquestionarenowworkingoutsomethingakintotenureforhospital-basedresearchersandguidelinesforcontracts,sothatmorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearchwillbecomepossible.Thisisararevictoryandasmallstepintherightdirection,butthegeneraltrendistheotherway.Thankstoprofit-drivenprivatefunding,researchersarenotonlyforcedtokeepvaluableinformationsecret,theyareoftencontractuallyobligedtokeepdiscovereddangerstopublichealthunderwraps,too.Ofcourse,wemustnotbetoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistinsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemic.Thispreventedothersfromreviewingthe