考研考博-英語-北京第二外國語學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-北京第二外國語學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

LastThursday,theFrenchSenatepassedadigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservicestoconsumersorusersinFrance.Digitalservicesincludeeverythingfromprovidingaplatformforsellinggoodsandservicesonlinetotargetingadvertisingbasedonuserdata,andthetaxappliestogrossrevenuefromsuchservices.ManyFrenchpoliticiansandmediaoutletshavereferredtothisasa"GAFAtax,"meaningthatitisdesignedtoapplyprimarilytocompaniessuchasGoogle,Apple,FacebookandAmazon—inotherwords,multinationaltechcompaniesbasedintheUnitedStates.

ThedigitalservicestaxnowawaitsthesignatureofPresidentEmmanuelMacron,whohasexpressedsupportforthemeasure,anditcouldgointoeffectwithinthenextfewweeks.Butithasalreadysparkedsignificantcontroversy,withtheUniteSatestraderepresentativeopeninganinvestigationintowhetherthetaxdiscriminatesagainstAmericancompanies,whichinturncouldleadtotradesanctionsagainstFrance.

TheFrenchtaxisnotjustaunilateralmovebyonecountryinneedofrevenue.Instead,thedigitalservicestaxispartofamuchlargertrend,withcountriesoverthepastfewyearsproposingorputtinginplaceanalphabetsoupofnewinternationaltaxprovisions.ThesehaveincludedBritain'sDPT(divertedprofitstax),Australia'sMAAL(multinationalanti-avoidancelaw),andIndia'sSEP(significanteconomicpresence)test,tonamebutafew.Atthesametime,theEuropeanUnion,Spain,Britainandseveralothercountrieshaveallseriouslycontemplateddigitalservicestaxes.

Theseunilateraldevelopmentsdifferintheirspecifics,buttheyarealldesignedtotaxmultinationalsonincomeandrevenuethatcountriesbelievetheyshouldhavearighttotax,evenifinternationaltaxrulesdonotgrantthemthatright.Inotherwords,theyallshareaviewthattheinternationaltaxsystemhasfailedtokeepupwiththecurrenteconomy.

Inresponsetothesemanyunilateralmeasures,theOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)iscurrentlyworkingwith131countriestoreachaconsensusbytheendof2020onaninternationalsolution.BothFranceandtheUnitedStatesareinvolvedintheorganization'swork,butFrance'sdigitalservicestaxandtheAmericanresponseraisequestionsaboutwhatthefutureholdsfortheinternationaltaxsystem.

France'splannedtaxisaclearwarning:Unlessabroadconsensuscanbereachedonreformingtheinternationaltaxsystem,othernationsarelikelytofollowsuit,andAmericancompanieswillfaceacascadeofdifferenttaxesfromdozensofnationsthatwillproveburdensomeandcostly.

1.TheFrenchSenatehaspassedabillto（

）.

2.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph2thatthedigitalservicestax（

）.

3.Thecountriesadoptingtheunilateralmeasuressharetheopinionthat（

）.

4.ItcanbelearnedfromPara5thattheOECO'scurrentwork（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthistext?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.regulatedigitalservicesplatforms

B.protectFrenchcompanies'interests

C.imposealevyontechmultinationals

D.curbtheinfluenceofadvertising

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.maytriggercountermeasuresagainstFrance

B.isapttoarousecriticismathomeandabroad

C.aimstoeaseinternationaltradetensions

D.willpromptthetechgiantstoquitFrance

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.redistributionoftechgiants'revenuemustbeensured

B.thecurrentinternationaltaxsystemneedsupgrading

C.techmultinationals'monopolyshouldbeprevented

D.allcountriesoughttoenjoyequaltaxingrights

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.isbeingresistedbyUScompanies

B.needstobereadjustedimmediately

C.isfacedwithuncertainprospects

D.needstoininvolvemorecountries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.FranceIsConfrontedwithTradeSanctions

B.FranceleadsthechargeonDigitalTax

C.FranceSays"NO"toTechMultinationals

D.FranceDemandsaRoleintheDigitalEconomy

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段第一句話adigitalservicestax,whichwouldimposeanentirelynewtaxonlargemultinationalsthatprovidedigitalservices...選項(xiàng)C中的“l(fā)evy”和“tax”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)；“techmultinationals”和“digitalservices”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。因此C為正確答案，其余選項(xiàng)均未體現(xiàn)。

2.推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段，第二段第二句話：這已經(jīng)引起了巨大的反抗，反過來也會導(dǎo)致針對法國的貿(mào)易制裁，和選項(xiàng)A相一致，其中選項(xiàng)中的“trigger”和原文的“l(fā)eadto”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，“sanction”和“countermeasure”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其余選項(xiàng)均未體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段最后一句話：他們都認(rèn)為國際稅收體系并未跟上當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢。選項(xiàng)B“目前的國際稅收體系需要升級”是該句話的反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其余選項(xiàng)均為體現(xiàn)。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段最后一句話：對于國際稅收體系的未來充滿疑慮和選項(xiàng)C相一致。其中選項(xiàng)中的“uncertain”和原文中的“raisequestions”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，“prospects”和原文中的“future”同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。

5.主旨題。題干中的title為標(biāo)題題的信息，所以此題考查的是文章的主旨大意。B選項(xiàng)里的tax是貫穿全文的主旨詞；而文章以法國對數(shù)字服務(wù)征稅為起點(diǎn)，全文描寫了包括法國在內(nèi)的其他國家對全球稅收系統(tǒng)的擔(dān)憂，因此選項(xiàng)B和文章的主旨相符合。剩余選項(xiàng)均未能體現(xiàn)文章關(guān)鍵詞和全文主旨。

2.單選題

Thecentralprovinceshavefloodsinsomeyears,and（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.droughtsinothers

B.droughtsareothers

C.whileotherdroughts

D.othersindrought

【答案】A

【解析】考查并列結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：中部各省有些年遭受洪澇，有些年遭受干旱。and連接兩個(gè)并列的成分，因后面沒有謂語，說明二者的謂語相同，都是have，那么填入的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該與floodsinsomeyears并列，droughtinothers中others指代years，表示“另一些年遭受干旱”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Since2004,some60millionvisitorstotheUShavehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyanscanner（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.opposite

B.organic

C.occasional

D.optical

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)opposite“對面的，相反的”；B選項(xiàng)organic“有機(jī)的，組織的”；C選項(xiàng)occasional“偶然的，臨吋的”；D選項(xiàng)optical‘視覺的，光學(xué)的，光讀取的”；根據(jù)被修飾詞scanner確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Itmadehimuncomfortableto（）hisplanandthinkofsomethingnew.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.switch

B.transfer

C.shift

D.alter

【答案】D

【解析】句意:改變計(jì)劃或另想新的路子,都使他感到不舒服。

考查動詞辨析。switch轉(zhuǎn)換,揮動;transfer使轉(zhuǎn)移,調(diào)任;shift轉(zhuǎn)移,替換;alter改變,更改。因此D符合句意。

5.寫作題

Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement:Dissatisfactionleadstoprogress.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouropinion.

【答案】略

6.單選題

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisinadequatesupply.Competitorsmayawareofoneanother,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimal.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper;theunsuccessfuldecline.Whileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometermsinorderto（

）.

2.Accordingtheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat

（

）.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”(Line7,Para.1)mostprobablymeans（

）.

4.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（

）".

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethatcharacteristicfeaturesofcooperation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Iswarinevitable?

B.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

C.Isconflictdesirable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題目問的是“在第一段中，作者給一些術(shù)語下了定義，目的是……”。文章第一段提到“這些定義是有必要的，因?yàn)楸仨殢?qiáng)調(diào)在一個(gè)資源有限的世界中，個(gè)人或團(tuán)體之間的競爭是不可避免的，但是此沖突不是彼沖突”（Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnotconflict），由此可以看出作者是為了區(qū)分兩種“沖突”，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目問的是“在作者看來，競爭與沖突的區(qū)別在于……”。文章第二段第一、二句提到“很多作者認(rèn)為戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免的，其前提是在動物物種的斗爭中，只有適者生存。一般來說，這種斗爭在本質(zhì)上是競爭，而不是沖突”（Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarformthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,howeverthisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict），因此選項(xiàng)D“它本質(zhì)是為了生存斗爭”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目問的是“短語functioninthedisserviceofeachother的意思是……”。該短語與后文的functionintheserviceofoneanother相對應(yīng)，意思與之相反，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.主旨大意題。題目問的是“文章可能主要是為了回答……這個(gè)問題”。文章第一句話提到戰(zhàn)爭是不可避免這個(gè)問題得到世界上很多偉大作家的關(guān)注（Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters）；文章最后一句話提到國家之間像戰(zhàn)爭一樣的沖突不可避免，但是競爭是不可避免的（itcannotbesaidthatwar-1ikeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis），可知全文都是在圍繞著“戰(zhàn)爭能否避免”這話題展開，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

7.單選題

Itisbelievedthatdictionariesarehighestauthority[A]inmatterofmeaningandusage.[B]Fewpeopleask[C]bywhatauthoritythedictionariessaywhattheysay.Nowletusseehowdictionariesaremade.Butwhatfollows[D]appliesonlytothoseofficeswherefirsthand,originalresearchgoeson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inmatterof

B.Fewpeople

C.bywhat

D.applies

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞用法。A選項(xiàng)中的matter做名詞時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，它后面有meaning和usage兩個(gè)名詞，因此matter應(yīng)改為matters。

8.單選題

TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,therehashardlybeenayearsince1957inwhichbirthrateshavenotfallenintheUnitedStatesandotherrichcountries,andin1976thefallwasespeciallysharp.BothEastGermanyandWestGermanyhavefewerbirthsthantheyhavedeaths,andtheUnitedStatesisonlytemporarilyabletoavoidthisconditionbecausethechildrenofthebabyboomarenowanexceptionallylargegroupofmarriedcouples.

ItistruethatAmericansdonottypicallyplantheirbirthstosetanexamplefordevelopingnations.Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:oncewomenseeinterestingandwell-paidjobsarecareersavailable,theyarelesswillingtoprovidefreelaborforchildraising.Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive.Andtothehighcostofchildrenareaddedtheuncertainties,introducedbydivorce;couplesareincreasinglyunwillingtosubjectchildrentotheterribleexperienceofmaritalbreakdownandthemselvestothedifficultyofraisingachildalone.

Thesecircumstances—womenworkingoutsidethehomeandtheinstabilityofmarriage一tendtospreadwithindustrialsocietyandtheywillaffectmoreandmorecountriesinthenearfuture.Alongwiththemgoessocialmobility,ambitiontoriseintheurbanworld,amainfactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcentury.

Foodshortagewillhappenagainwhenthereservesresultingfromthegoodharvestsof1998and1999havebeenconsumed.Urbanizationislikelytocontinue,withthecitiesofthedevelopingnationsstrugglingundertheweightoftwicetheirpresentpopulationsbytheyear2010.Thepresentlyrichcountriesareapproachingastablepopulationlargelybecauseofthechangedplaceofwomen,andtheyincidentallyaresettinganexampleofrestrainttotherestoftheworld.Industrialsocietywillspreadtothepoorcountries,andaspirationwillexceedresources.Allthiswillleadtoapopulationinthenewcenturythatissmallerthanwasfearedafewyearsago.Forthoseanxioustoseeworldpopulationbroughtundercontrol,thenewsisencouraging.

1.WhatinfluencesthebirthratemostintheUnitedStatesis（）.

2.Thesentence“Fromcostingnothing,childrensuddenlycometoseemimpossiblyexpensive”impliesthat（）.

3.AchieffactorinbringingdownthebirthsinEuropeinthe19thcenturyis（）.

4.Thepopulationinthenewcentury,accordingtothewriter,（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.highlypaidjobs

B.women’sdesireforindependence

C.expensesofchildraising

D.highdivorcerate

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.foodandclothingforbabiesarebecomingincrediblyexpensive

B.pricesaregoingupdramaticallyallthetime

C.toraisechildrenwomenhavetogiveupinterestingandwell-paidjobs

D.socialdevelopmenthasmadechild-raisinginexpensive

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.birthcontrol

B.thedesiretoseekfortuneincities

C.theinstabilityofmarriage

D.thechangedplaceofwomen

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.willbesmallerthanafewyearsago

B.willnotbeassmallaspeopleexpect

C.willprovetobeathreattotheworld

D.willnotcontinueasseriousaproblemasexpected

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.信息推斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Wearemoreaffectedbywomen’sliberation:...providefreelaborforchildraising.”美國出生率受到婦女解放的影響:一旦婦女有了有趣的高薪工作，她們就不太愿意為撫養(yǎng)孩子付出免費(fèi)的勞動力了。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.信息推斷題。上一句提到，一旦婦女有了有趣的高薪工作，她們就不太愿意為撫養(yǎng)孩子付出免費(fèi)的勞動力了。由此可以推斷，撫養(yǎng)孩子從零成本似乎變成了高成本，是因?yàn)榕詾榱藫狃B(yǎng)孩子而放棄高薪工作所付出了昂貴的代價(jià)，這里并不是說撫養(yǎng)孩子的成本高。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Alongwiththem...inEuropeinthe19thcentury.”社會流動性，以及在城市里發(fā)展提升的抱負(fù)，是19世紀(jì)歐洲出生率下降的一個(gè)主要因素。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，目前富裕的國家由于婦女地位改變而人口趨于穩(wěn)定，為世界其他地區(qū)樹立了榜樣，工業(yè)社會也將蔓延到貧窮國家，所有的這些都將導(dǎo)致新世紀(jì)的人口比幾年前的要少。潛在意思是說，新世紀(jì)的人口問題不會像預(yù)期的那樣嚴(yán)重。選項(xiàng)D相對于選項(xiàng)A來說，更為恰當(dāng)。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

20世紀(jì)80年代以來，中國陸續(xù)推出一系列科學(xué)技術(shù)研究發(fā)展的整體計(jì)劃，旨在戰(zhàn)略性地全面提高國家在21世紀(jì)的綜合科技競爭力。1982年開始實(shí)施的國家科技攻關(guān)計(jì)劃，是20世紀(jì)中國最大的科技計(jì)劃。它面向國民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)主戰(zhàn)場，解決國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展中帶有方向性、關(guān)鍵性和綜合性的問題，涉及農(nóng)業(yè)、電子信息、能源、交通、材料、資源勘探、環(huán)境保護(hù)、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生等領(lǐng)域。

【答案】Sincethe1980s,Chinahaslaunchedaseriesofoverallplansforscientificandtechnologicalresearchanddevelopmentforthepurposeofenhancingthecountry’scomprehensivescientificandtechnologicalcompetitivenessstrategicallyandroundlyin21stcentury.NationalKeyTechnologyR&DProgram,whichiscarriedoutin1982,isChina'’slargestscienceandtechnologyprograminthe20thcentury.Facingthemainbattlefieldofnationaleconomicconstruction,itsolvesdirectional,keyandcomprehensiveproblemsinnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,involvingagriculture,electronicinformation,energy,transportation,materials,resourceexploration,environmentalprotection,medicalandhealthcareandotherfields.

10.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Someoldpeoplearetroubledbythefearofdeath.Intheyoungthereisajustificationforthisfeeling.Youngmenwhohavereasontofeartheywillbekilledinabattlemayjustifiablyfeelbitterinthethoughtthattheyhavebeencheatedofthebestthingsthatlifehastooffer.Butinanoldmanwhohasknownhumanjoysandsorrowsandhasdonewhateverworkitwasinhimtodo,thefearofdeathissomewhatignoble.Thebestwaytoovercomeit—soatleastitseemstome―istomakeyourinterestsgraduallywiderandmoreimpersonal,untilbitbybitthewallsoftheegorecede,andyourlifebecomesincreasinglypartoftheuniversallife.Anindividualhumanexistenceshouldbelikeariver—smallatfirst,narrowlycontainedwithinitsbanks,andrushingpassionatelypastrocksandoverwaterfalls.Graduallytherivergrowwider,thebanksrecede,thewatersflowmorequietly,andintheend,withoutanyvisiblebreak,theybecomepartofthesea,andpainlesslylosetheirindividualbeing.

【答案】有些老年人恐懼死亡。要是年輕人這樣想.那倒情有可原。那些害怕在戰(zhàn)爭中陣亡的年輕人，想到自己被生活所欺騙，錯失了生命中最美好的東西，感到苦澀理所當(dāng)然。但對于一個(gè)飽嘗了人間悲歡離合，實(shí)現(xiàn)一生抱負(fù)的老人來說，恐懼死亡就有點(diǎn)不光彩了。戰(zhàn)勝對死亡的恐懼的最好的方法是——至少對我而言是可行的一一逐步拓寬你的興趣，并使其不受人際感情的影響，直到自我的圍城慢慢地消失，你的生命加快融入到眾生之中。一個(gè)人應(yīng)當(dāng)像一條河流，開始時(shí)窄而淺，靜靜流淌于兩岸之中，然后，奔騰沖擊于巖石之間，飛流直下于高崖之處。慢慢地，河流越走越寬，河岸逐步退去，水流更顯平緩，直到最后，毫無跡象地融入大海，平和地失去了個(gè)體的存在。

11.單選題

Thediplomat,selectedforherdemonstratedpatienceandskillinconductingsuch

delicatenegotiations,（

）tomakeadecisionduringthetalksbecauseanysuddencommitmentatthattimewouldhavebeen（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolved...detrimental

B.hesitated...warranted

C.declined...inopportune

D.struggled...unconscionable

【答案】C

【解析】動詞和形容詞辨析。第一個(gè)空的選項(xiàng)為resolve“決定，溶解”；hesitate“猶豫，有疑慮";decline“下降，衰落，婉拒”；struggle“努力，掙扎，對抗”，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞patience和suddencommitment推斷出第一個(gè)空應(yīng)選則填入declined；第二個(gè)空的選項(xiàng)為detrimental不利的，有害的”；warranted“保證的，擔(dān)保的”；inopportune“不適當(dāng)?shù)?，不合時(shí)機(jī)的”；unconscionable“昧著良心的，肆無忌憚的，過度的”；據(jù)第一個(gè)空的選詞和句意‘因在如此微妙的談判中表現(xiàn)出來的耐心和技巧而當(dāng)選的這位外交官拒絕在會談中做出決定，因?yàn)樵谀欠N情況下，任何突然的承諾都是不恰當(dāng)?shù)??！_定第二個(gè)空填入inopportune，C選項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Wewantto（）thelatesttechnologyintoschools.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.announce

B.operate

C.introduce

D.cast

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)announce“宣布，述說”，announce…to“通知某人，向……宣布”；B選項(xiàng)operate“操作，經(jīng)營”；C選項(xiàng)introduce“介紹，引進(jìn)”，introduce…to“向……介紹”；D選項(xiàng)cast“投，拋，計(jì)算”。句意：我們想向?qū)W校推薦最新的技術(shù)。由選項(xiàng)意思和固定搭配可知，C選項(xiàng)符合句意。

13.單選題

By2030,peopleover65inGermany,theworld’sthird-largesteconomy,willaccountforalmosthalftheadultpopulation,comparedwithone-fifthnow.Andunlessthecountry’sbirthraterecoversfromitspresentlowof1.3perwoman,overthesameperioditspopulationofunder35willshrinkabouttwiceasfastastheolderpopulationwillgrow.Thenetresultwillbethatthetotalpopulation,now82m,willdeclineto70m-73m.Thenumberofpeopleofworkingagewillfallbyafullquarter,from40mtodayto30m.

TheGermandemographicsarefarfromexceptional.InJapan,theworld’ssecond-largesteconomy,thepopulationwillpeakin2005,ataround125m.By2050,accordingtothemorepessimisticgovernmentforecasts,thepopulationwillhaveshrunktoaround95m.Longbeforethat,around2030,theshareoftheover-65sintheadultpopulationwillhavegrowntoabouthalf.AndthebirthrateinJapan,asinGermany,isdownto1.3perwoman.Thefiguresareprettymuchthesameformostotherdevelopedcountries,andforagoodmanyemergingones,especiallyChina.

Lifeexpectancy—andwithitthenumberofolderpeople—hasbeengoingupsteadilyfor300years.Butthedeclineinthenumberofyoungpeopleissomethingnew.TheonlydevelopedcountrythathassofaravoidedthisfateisAmerica.Buteventherethebirthrateiswellbelowreplacementlevel,andtheproportionofolderpeopleintheadultpopulationwillrisesteeplyinthenext30years.Allthismeansthatwinningthesupportofolderpeoplewillbecomeapoliticalimperativeineverydevelopedcountry.Pensionshavealreadybecomearegularelectionissue.Thereisalsoagrowingdebateaboutthedesirabilityofimmigrationtomaintainthepopulationandworkforce.Togetherthesetwoissuesaretransformingthepoliticallandscapeineverydevelopedcountry.

By2030atthelatest,theageatwhichfullretirementbenefitsstartwillhaverisentothemid-70’sinalldevelopedcountries,andbenefitsforhealthypensionerswillbesubstantiallylowerthantheyaretoday.Indeed,fixedretirementagesforpeopleinreasonablephysicalandmentalconditionmayhavebeenabolishedtopreventthepensionburdenontheworkingpopulationfrombecomingunbearable.Alreadyyoungandmiddle-agedpeopleatworksuspectthattherewillnotbeenoughpensionmoneytogoroundwhentheythemselvesreachtraditionalretirementage.Butpoliticianseverywherecontinuetopretendthattheycansavethecurrentpensionssystem.

1.InGermany,（

）.

2.Theproblemthatthepopulationbecomesaging

（

）.

3.Anewtendencyisdemographicchangeisthat

（

）.

4.Whatisthepoliticalimplicationofthedemographicchangeinthedevelopedcountries?

5.By2030thegovernmentsindevelopedcountriesmayputanendtofixedretirementages（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.birthratehasgoneupto1.3perwoman

B.peopleover65nowconstitutesabouthalftheadultpopulation

C.itspopulationofunder-35sistwiceaslargeasthatofover-65s

D.by2030itsworkingforcemayhaveshrunkby25%

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.isexceptionaltoGermany

B.hasbecomeuniversal

C.canberelievedinJapanwiththeshrinkageofitspopulationtoaround95m

D.makestheeconomicoutlookinthedevelopedcountriesevenmoregloomy

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.lifeexpectancyhasbeengoingupsteadily

B.thereisadeclineoftheyoungpopulation

C.inAmericathebirthratehasgoneabovereplacementlevel

D.theoldpopulationhasrisensharplyinIJSA

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Winningthesupportofolderpeoplewillbecomecrucialinpolitics.

B.Pensionpolicywillbecomeakeyissueinelections.

C.Immigrationshouldbebannedtomaintaintheworkforce.

D.Thedemographicchangewillchangethepoliticallandscapegreatly.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.tosavethecurrentpensionsystem

B.toensurethebenefitsforhealthypensioners

C.torealizefullretirementbenefitssubstantially

D.torelievethepensionsburdenontheworkingpopulation

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一段介紹了德國的人口老齡化問題，根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Thenetresultwillbethatthetotalpopulation,now82m,willdeclineto70m-73m.Thenumberofpeopleofworkingagewillfallbyafullquarter,from40mtodayto30m.最終的結(jié)果將是總?cè)丝趶默F(xiàn)在的8200萬下降到7000萬到7300萬。勞動年齡人口將減少整整四分之一，從目前的4000萬降至3000萬。”可知，到2030年德國的勞動人口將減少四分之一(afullquarter),即25%。所以D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。本題是問關(guān)于人口老齡化問題的。由本文第二段第一句"TheGermandemographicsarefarfromexceptional.德國的人口結(jié)構(gòu)也不例外?！笨芍聡⒉皇抢猓ㄟ^第二段的內(nèi)容可知其他發(fā)達(dá)國家也呈現(xiàn)同樣的趨勢，所以B選項(xiàng)‘已經(jīng)成為普遍’陳述正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問關(guān)于人口結(jié)構(gòu)變化的新趨勢。由本文第三段第二句“Butthedeclineinthenumberofyoungpeopleissomethingnew.TheonlydevelopedcountrythathassofaravoidedthisfateisAmerica.但年輕人數(shù)量的下降是一個(gè)新現(xiàn)象。迄今為止，唯一避免這種命運(yùn)的發(fā)達(dá)國家是美國。”可知B選項(xiàng)‘年輕人口在減少’是新的趨勢，符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。本題是問關(guān)于發(fā)達(dá)國家的人口變化的政治意義是什么。由倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容“Allthismeansthatwinningthesupportofolderpeoplewillbecomeapoliticalimperativeineverydevelopedcountry.所有這一切意味著，贏得老年人的支持將成為每個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國家的政治當(dāng)務(wù)之急?！彼訟選項(xiàng)‘在政治上贏得老年人的支持將變得至關(guān)重要。’正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。本題是問道2030年，發(fā)達(dá)國家的政府可能結(jié)束固定的退休年齡的目的。由文章最后一段內(nèi)容“Indeed,fixedretirementagesforpeopleinreasonablephysicalandmentalconditionmayhavebeenabolishedtopreventthepensionburdenontheworkingpopulationfrombecomingunbearable.的確，為了防止工作人口的養(yǎng)恤金負(fù)擔(dān)變得無法承受，可能已經(jīng)取消了對身體和精神狀況合理的人的固定退休年齡?！笨芍狣選項(xiàng)‘減輕勞動人口的養(yǎng)老金負(fù)擔(dān)’符合題意。

14.寫作題

Youareveryhappywhenyougetthenewsthatyourfriendhasbeenpromoted.Writealitterofcongratulationandencouragehim/hertokeepup.

Writeyourletterwithnolessthan100words.WriteitneatlyonAnswerSheet2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiTao"instead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress,butpayattentiontotheformofletterwriting

【答案】略

15.單選題

Aftersheheardthesadnewsfromherfather,shewasinavery____mood.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cheerful

B.amusing

C.thoughtful

D.pessimistic

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.cheerful開心的B.amusing有趣的

C.thoughtful考慮周到的；有思想深度的D.pessimistic悲觀的

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】空格處所在部分語義為“她處于一種____的情緒”，前文提到“當(dāng)她從父親那里聽到這個(gè)不幸的（sadnews）消息后”，根據(jù)“不幸的消息”推測，她應(yīng)該是心情不好，D選項(xiàng)“pessimistic”符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】她從父親那里聽到這個(gè)不幸的消息后，情緒非常悲觀。

16.單選題

Theseinstruments,whichbreakupstructuresonlytoexaminethemmorefully,demonstratehowdetailscanbe（）andseparatedfromthewhole.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amplified

B.magnified

C.exemplified

D.signified

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。amplify“擴(kuò)大，放大”，多指將聲音或者電流放大；magnify“放大”，多指通過放大鏡等物品將影像擴(kuò)大；exemplify“示例”；signify“表示，意指”。句意：通過將設(shè)備打開而進(jìn)行更詳細(xì)的檢查，這些工具展示了如何將細(xì)節(jié)擴(kuò)大并把它們從整體中區(qū)分開來。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

17.單選題

His（）directionsconfusedus;wedidnotknowwhichofthetworoadstotake.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ambiguous

B.complicated

C.arbitrary

D.intricate

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他模棱兩可的指示把我們弄糊涂了；我們不知道該走哪條路。

考查形容詞辨析。ambiguous引起歧義的；模糊的；complicated難懂的；復(fù)雜的；arbitrary任意的；武斷的；intricate復(fù)雜的；錯綜的。由后半句句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas（

）regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.barren

B.virgin

C.void

D.wretched

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。barren意為“貧瘠的，不毛的”；virgin意為“未開發(fā)的，原始狀態(tài)的”；void意為“無效的，空的”；wretched意為“不幸的，悲慘的”。but前后的內(nèi)容含義轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，再根據(jù)人們通常對desert（沙漠）的印象是廣闊無垠的荒地，因此選A。

句意：許多人認(rèn)為沙漠是不毛之地，但是許多種類的植物和動物已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了那里的生活。

19.單選題

Themandenied______anythingatthesupermarketwhenhewasquestionedbythepolice.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavestolen

B.tosteal

C.havingstolen

D.havingbeenstealing

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：警察盤問那人時(shí)，他否認(rèn)偷了超市里的任何東西。根據(jù)動詞短語denydoingsth.確定非謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在分詞ing形式，根據(jù)steal的動作發(fā)生在deny之前，確定用完成時(shí)，C選項(xiàng)havingstolen符合題意。沒有denytodosth.的用法，A選項(xiàng)tohavestolen和B選項(xiàng)tosteal錯誤。D選項(xiàng)havingbeenstealing沒有這個(gè)用法，語法錯誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

20.單選題

TheelderlyRussiansfindithardtoliveontheirstate（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pensions

B.earnings

C.salaries

D.donations

【答案】A

【解析】句意:老年俄羅斯公民發(fā)現(xiàn)，依靠國家的養(yǎng)老金生活很艱難。

考查名詞辨析。pension養(yǎng)老金；earning收益；工資；salary薪水；donation捐贈；捐款。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

3.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heisgoingtogetmarried.

B.Heisgoingtogethisbachelor'sdegree.

C.Hewillcountonthewomanforhelp.

D.Hewillbringhisownboozetotheparty.

【答案】A

【解析】W:We’llthrowTomabachelorparty.

M:Thencountmein.

W:Great.Beatourhouseat8p.m,andbringyourownbooze.

Q:WhatistrueaboutTom?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。男士表示想去單身漢晚會，女士確認(rèn)了時(shí)間為晚上八點(diǎn)，并且要自帶酒水。

22.單選題

Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologistMarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldnot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewhealitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,not'theexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.

Otherresearchersagree,Jay