英語II(1)動(dòng)名詞與不定式復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)

精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)專心---專注---專業(yè)精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上專心---專注---專業(yè)英語II（1）動(dòng)名詞和不定式綜合復(fù)習(xí)練習(xí)深圳電大蘇曼華非限定動(dòng)詞又稱非謂語動(dòng)詞，即在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語，不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。非謂語動(dòng)詞有三種，即不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞。開放英語3要求掌握不定式和動(dòng)名詞。不定式動(dòng)詞不定式又稱動(dòng)詞原形，指不受人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)限定的動(dòng)詞形式，也就是詞典里通常列出的形式，前面一般有小品詞to，但也有時(shí)不帶to。不定式具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的某些語法功能。不定式的形式形式構(gòu)成舉例（以take為例）肯定式to+動(dòng)詞原形totake否定式notto+動(dòng)詞原形nottotake進(jìn)行式tobe+動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞tobetaking完成式tohave+動(dòng)詞過去分詞tohavetaken被動(dòng)式tobe+動(dòng)詞過去分詞tobetaken復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)for+名詞或代詞賓格+to+動(dòng)詞原形forPeter/himtotake不定式的用法功能講解例句作主語可以放在句首，但如果不定式過長，習(xí)慣上常用it代替不定式作形式主語放在句首，而把真正的主語不定式置于句末，以免頭重腳輕。Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.說是一回事，做是另一回事。It’ssonicetohearyourvoice.聽到你的聲音真高興。作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)或內(nèi)容。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作是每天清掃房間。Hisdreamistobeadoctor.他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名醫(yī)生。作賓語注意有些動(dòng)詞只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式而不跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如：allow,promise,refuse,agree,hope,decide,plan,learn,want,offer,arrange,fail,manage等。Thebabytriedtostandup.那個(gè)嬰兒盡力要站起來。Heofferedtohelpus.他提出要幫助我們。Atfirstherefusedtoansweranyquestions.起初他拒絕回答任何問題。作賓語補(bǔ)足語下列動(dòng)詞后常跟帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：ask,tell,want,get,wish,want,like,hate,beg,prefer,expect,advise,order等。下列動(dòng)詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：make,let,have,watch,see,hear,notice,feel,smell,listento,lookat等。Help后的不定式可帶或不帶to。Iwantyoutobehappy.我要使你幸福。Theteachertoldustoreadthetextfirst.老師讓我們先讀課文。Isawhimenterthehall.我看見他走進(jìn)了大廳。TheyletmegotoShanghaibyplane.他們讓我乘飛機(jī)去上海。Cansomebodyhelpme(to)movethistable?誰能來幫我搬這個(gè)桌子。作定語動(dòng)詞不定式作定語放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,而且與被修飾詞在意義上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。所以若不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)有必要的介詞。Ihavealotofquestionstoask.我有許多問題要問。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.下一列到站的火車是從紐約來的。Heneedsatidyenvironmenttoworkin.他需要整潔的工作環(huán)境。作狀語修飾動(dòng)詞表示目的、結(jié)果或原因等。Willyoucometoseemetonight?今晚你來看我嗎？(表示目的)Theboatistoosmalltoseatallofus.船太小了，坐不下我們所有人。(表示結(jié)果)I’msorrytohearthat.聽說這事，我很難過。(表示原因)動(dòng)詞不定式前可帶有who,how,when,why,where,which等疑問詞，分別作主語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等成分，其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)從句。Howtodoitisstillaproblem.(主語)如何做還是個(gè)問題。Shetoldmehowtoanswerthequestion.(賓補(bǔ))她告訴我如何回答這個(gè)問題。Canyoutelluswho/why/how/when/wheretodoit?(賓補(bǔ))你能告訴我們誰/為什么/如何/什么時(shí)候/在哪里做嗎？動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞也是非限定動(dòng)詞的一種形式。它既有動(dòng)詞的特征，又有名詞的特征，故稱動(dòng)名詞。動(dòng)名詞的形式形式構(gòu)成舉例（以take為例）肯定式v-ingtaking否定式notv-ingnottaking完成式having+動(dòng)詞過去分詞havingtaken被動(dòng)式being+動(dòng)詞過去分詞beingtaken復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)物主代詞或名詞所有格+v-inghis/Peter’staking動(dòng)名詞的用法功能講解例句作主語可以放在句首，前面還可以有形容詞修飾或物主代詞（名詞所有格）限定。在“Itisnouse(good)”等習(xí)慣用語中，常用it作形式主語放在句首，而把真正的主語v-ing置于句末。Talkingmendsnoholes.(諺)空談無濟(jì)于事。Hisknowingmynamesurprisedme.他知道我的名字真讓我驚訝。Findingjobsseemsverydifficultthesedays.近來找工作似乎很難。Itisnousequarrellingwithher.跟她吵架是沒用的。作賓語注意有些動(dòng)詞(動(dòng)詞短語)只能跟動(dòng)名詞而不跟不定式作賓語，如：admit,avoid,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,mind,suggest,escape,require,appreciate,keep(on),giveup,insiston等。Sheenjoyslisteningtoclassicalmusic.她喜歡聽古典音樂。Wemustconsiderhisgivingitatry.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮讓他試一試。Wedon’tmindMary’ssayingthat.我們不介意瑪麗說這些話。Heinsistedondoingitinhiswonway.他堅(jiān)持按自己的方法來做這件事。作表語對(duì)主語說明、解釋。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清掃和照顧孩子。作定語一般表示所修飾名詞事物的用途。awritingdesk=adeskforwriting寫字臺(tái)aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming游泳池動(dòng)名詞與不定式的比較動(dòng)名詞多表示抽象一般的概念或行為，而不定式多表示具體的或特定的行為，特別是將來的行為。有時(shí)兩者都可以用，沒有多大的區(qū)別。例如：Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實(shí)。Seeingisbelieving.百聞不如一見。IlikereadingnovelsbutIdon’tliketoreadthisnovel.我喜歡看小說，但我不喜歡看這本小說。（前者是抽象一般的行為，后者是具體的行為。）Iprefergoingbybike.ButthistimeIprefertowalkthere.我比較喜歡騎車去。但這次我想走著去。（前者是抽象一般的行為，后者是具體的行為。）既能帶不定式作賓語又能帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語但意義不同的動(dòng)詞在動(dòng)詞forget,remember,regret等之后，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在動(dòng)詞本身之前；用不定式作賓語時(shí)，則表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在動(dòng)詞本身之后。試比較：forgetdoingsomething忘記曾做過某事forgettodosomething忘記要做某事rememberdoingsomething記得曾做過某事remembertodosomething記得要去做某事或別忘了去做某事regretdoingsomething因做過某事感到后悔、不安regrettodosomething因要做某事感到不安。I’llneverforgetmeetingyouforthefirsttime.我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了第一次和你見面的情景。Ihaveforgottentobringmyumbrella.我忘記帶雨傘了。IrememberseeingyousomewhereinBeijing.我記得在北京的什么地方見過你。Youmustremembertowriteuswhenyougetthere.你一定要記得到達(dá)那兒時(shí)給我們寫信。Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.他們后悔從國外訂購了這些書。Weregrettotellyouthatwewon’tbeabletoattendthemeeting.我們很遺憾地告訴你我們無法出席會(huì)議。在動(dòng)詞stop,leaveoff,goon等之后，通常用動(dòng)名詞作賓語，用動(dòng)詞不定式則表示目的狀語。試比較：stopdoing停止做某事，stoptodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事leaveoffdoing停止做某事，leaveofftodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事，goontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事Hasitstoppedraining?雨停了嗎？Theystoppedtolisten,buttherewasnomoresound.他們停下來去聽，但已經(jīng)沒有任何聲音了。Hehasleftoffworking.他停止工作了。Ithinkweshouldleaveofftohavesomecoffee.我想我們?cè)撔菹⒁幌氯ズ赛c(diǎn)咖啡。Hewentontalking.他繼續(xù)往下說。Hewentontotalkabouttheworldsituation.他接著又談了談世界形勢(shì)。在動(dòng)詞mean,try,can’thelp,cease等之后，是用動(dòng)名詞還是用不定式，要根據(jù)這些動(dòng)詞本身的含義而定。試比較：meandoing意味著，meantodo打算、想。trydoing實(shí)驗(yàn)，試著做某事，trytodo努力，企圖做某事。can’thelpdoing忍不住要做某事，can’thelptodo無助于做某事。ceasedoing短時(shí)停止做某事，以后還會(huì)接著做，ceasetodo長時(shí)間，甚至永遠(yuǎn)停做某事。Revolutionmeansliberatingtheproductiveforces.革命就是解放生產(chǎn)力。Whatdoyoumeantodowithit?你打算怎樣處理它？Let’stryknockingatthebackdoor.咱們敲敲后門試試。Itriedhardtorestrainmyself.我極力克制自己。Hecouldn’thelpfeelingembarrassed.他禁不住感到尷尬。Thiscan’thelptoraisefarmfields.這不能促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量的增長。Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘們?cè)诶蠋熥哌^時(shí)，停了會(huì)聊天。Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那個(gè)系已不復(fù)存在。習(xí)慣用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞admit承認(rèn)appreciate感激avoid避免complete完成consider認(rèn)為delay耽誤deny否認(rèn)detest討厭endure忍受enjoy喜歡escape逃脫fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推遲practice訓(xùn)練recall回憶resent討厭resume繼續(xù)resist抵抗risk冒險(xiǎn)suggest建議face面對(duì)include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive寬恕keep繼續(xù)例如：Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小一點(diǎn)，好嗎Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.這松鼠幸運(yùn)得很，剛逃避了被逮住的厄運(yùn)。習(xí)慣用動(dòng)名詞作賓語的短語或結(jié)構(gòu)。admitto承認(rèn)prefer…to喜歡beusedto習(xí)慣于leadto導(dǎo)致devoteoneselfto致力于objectto反對(duì)stickto堅(jiān)持nogood不好，不行nouse沒用befondof喜歡lookforwardto盼望beproudof感到自豪bebusy忙于can'thelp忍不住betiredof厭倦becapableof能夠beafraidof擔(dān)心thinkof想起burstout突然發(fā)生keepon繼續(xù)insiston堅(jiān)持counton指望，依賴setabout開始，著手putoff延期begoodat擅長于takeup開始，從事giveup放棄besuccessfulin成功于解題指導(dǎo)：Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:Heavoided___usadefiniteanswer.A.togiveB.givingC.togivingD.give答案是B。動(dòng)詞avoid后只能接動(dòng)名詞，而不能接不定式作賓語。類似這樣的動(dòng)詞還有：suggest,finish,mind,imagine,enjoymiss,resist,risk,escape,advise,deny,practise,require等。Wedecided___changesinourplan.A.makingB.tomakingC.makeD.tomake答案是D。動(dòng)詞decide后只能接不定式作賓語。類似這樣的動(dòng)詞還有：allow,promise,refuse,agree,hope,plan,learn,want,offer,arrange,fail,manage等。Wethinkitpossible___theirproductionplaninafewweeks.A.fortheytofulfilB.fortheirfulfillingC.forthemtofulfilD.forthemfulfil答案是C。此句的意思是“我認(rèn)為他們幾周內(nèi)完成生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃是可能的?！本渲械摹癷t”顯然是形式賓語，真正的賓語則是帶邏輯主語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，其構(gòu)成形式是“for+名詞或代詞賓格+不定式”，所以C是正確的選項(xiàng)。Theystopped___totherecorderandbegantowritetheirhomework.A.listeningB.tolistenC.listenD.listened答案是A。此句的意思是“他們停止聽錄音機(jī)，并開始做作業(yè)?！焙茱@然，“聽錄音機(jī)”是“停止”的賓語，而不是目的狀語，必須用“stopdoingsth”，而不用“stoptodosth”，所以A是正確的選項(xiàng)。綜合練習(xí)：I.Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:Sherefused___useherdictionary.a.toletmeb.metoc.meusingd.lettingmeDon’tforget___goodbyetoher,willyou?a.tosayb.sayingc.beingsaidd.havingsaidFiftymilesuptheairistoothin___sound.a.carryb.tocarryc.carryingd.tocarryingWehavemuchwork___thisafternoon.a.todob.doingc.dod.todoingHeisusedto___hardwork.a.dob.didc.doingd.doneThepupilwasafraidof___scoldedbytheteacher.a.beingb.bec.beend.tobeCouldyoutellme___themachine?a.howworkingb.howtobeworkedc.howworkd.howtoworkIwouldhavefinishedmycompositionbynowifIhadnotstopped___withhim.a.talkingb.totalkc.talkedd.talkI’msosorrytohavekeptyou___foralongtime.a.waitingb.waitedc.towaitd.waitThepeasantshavebeenbusy___thericeinthepastfewdays.a.getinb.togetinc.gettingind.forgettinginWhenthestormcomesallwindows___.a.oughttocloseb.oughttobeclosingc.oughttobeclosedd.oughttoclosedWeheardnobody___theroom.a.enteredb.toenterc.wouldenterd.enterXiaoWanglikes___harderwork.a.beinggivenb.begivenc.togived.givesHeopenedthewindow___.a.forthefreshairtocomeinb.forthefreshaircomeinc.forthefreshaircomingind.forthefreshairtocominginHerearesomeknivesforthem___.a.tocutb.tocutbyc.tocutfromd.tocutwith___workmeansmovingabodythroughadistancebyaforce.a.Havingdoneb.Donec.Doingd.BeingdoneItisno___arguingaboutit,becausehewillneverchangehismind.a.useb.helpc.timed.while“Whywereyousolateforworktoday?”“___totheofficewasveryslowbecauseofthetraffic.”a.Todriveb.Drivingc.Idroved.ThatIdroveItisnogood___tocomenow.Heisbusy.a.ifyouaskhimb.thatyouaskhimc.toaskhimd.askinghimIsthereanyuse___?a.totrytophonehimb.tryingtophonehimc.triedtophonehimd.totryingtophonehimIwouldappreciate___itasecret.a.youtokeepb.thatyouwouldkeepc.yourkeepingd.thatyouarekeepingHedidn’tseemtomind___TVwhilehewastryingtostudy.a.theirwatchingb.themtowatchc.thattheywatchd.theirwatchIvaguelyremember___somethinglikethat.a.himhavingsaidb.hissayingc.forhimtosayd.thathesaySheapologizedfor___tocome.a.hernotbeingableb.herbeingnotablec.notbeingabled.thatshe’snotabletoIt’snouse___menottoworry.a.youtellb.yourtellingc.foryoutohavetoldd.havingtoldIlove___,butIhate___inacrowdedswimmingpool.a.toswim,swimmingb.swimming,swimmingc.toswim,toswimd.swimming,toswimHewasluckytoescape___toprison.a.beingsentb.sendingc.tobesentd.sentIdon’tlike___bills,butifIhavereceivedsomeIlike___themimmediately.a.pay,payingb.topay,payingc.paying,payd.paying,topayTheproblemrequires___intoimmediately.a.lookingb.beinglookedc.tolookd.lookedImeant__itbutIforgettotellyou.a.yourgettingb.youtogetc.yougettingd.yougetThehouseneeds___,butweplantowaituntilnextsummertodoit.a.topaintb.beingpaintedc.paintedd.tobepaintedJennysaiditwasnotrighttopunishherabout___thistime.a.hertobelateb.hertohavebeenlatec.herbeinglated.shebeinglateOneofthemachinesstopped___andcausedablockageintheassemblyline.a.toworkb.workingc.havingworkedd.workedIused___alotofpocketmoneywhenIwasyoung.a.togetb.thatIgotc.togettingd.tohavegotNoonethoughtthatJohn’ssuggestionwasworth___.a.toconsiderb.consideringc.tobeconsideredd.ofconsiderationWemusthaveanengineer______theworkersbuildthehouse.a.toseeb.seec.seeingd.seenInductionmeans______ingtod.cameSincesheisangry,we______.a.hadbetterleavingheraloneb.shouldleaveheralonec.mightaswellleaveheraloned.hadratherleaveheraloneYoushouldremember______fromthepointwhenyouarewritingacomposition.a.don’twanderb.nottowanderc.nowanderingd.notwanderYoushouldreallyavoid______athomealoneasheisoldandill.a.yourfatherstayb.yourfathertostayc.yourfather’sstayingd.yourfatherwhostaysJohndidn’twanttorisk______wetashehadonlyonesuit.a.gettingb.togetc.beinggotd.tobegottenItwon’tbeanyuse______toborrowanymoremoney.a.youtotryb.ofyourtryingc.tryingyoud.yourtryingThelawrequiresallcars_______forsafetyandefficiency.a.beingtestedregularlyb.toberegularlytestedc.beregularlytestedd.regularlytestedIremember______tothezoobymyfatherwhenIwaslittle.a.beingtakenb.takingc.havebeentakend.tohavetakenIcompletelyforgot______thefrontdoorlastnightandfeelfortunatethatnothingisstolen.a.lockingb.beinglockedc.tolockd.tohavelockedIregret______rmingb.beinginformedc.tobeinformedd.toinformIdidn’tmean______anything,buttheseappleslookedsogoodIcouldn’tresist______one.a.toeat…tryingb.toeat…totryingc.eating…totryd.eating…totryingIknowitisn’timportantbutIcan’thelp______aboutit.a.buttothinkb.thinkingc.thinkd.tothinkUncleDickhasalreadyarrive.Doyouexpect______toseehim?a.

Goingb.goc.togod.thatyougoWhileshewasshopping,shekept______thelisttomakesureshehadn’tforgottenanything.a.checkedb.checkingc.tocheckd.checkYou’dbetter______.a.tohaveyourshoesmendedb.tohavemendedyourshoesc.haveyourshoesmendedd.havingyourshoesmendedThemachinesaremade______atfullspeed.a.workb.workingc.toworkd.tobeworkedItiscertainthatmenwillneverstop______newenergysourcestopowertheirgrowingindustry.a.findingb.tofindc.havingfoundd.foundProfessorSmithissaid______anotherimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.a.havingmadeb.havingbeenmadec.tohavemaded.tomakeThereareplans______anumberofatomicpowerstationsinthisregions.a.tobuildb.tobebuiltc.buildingd.beingbuiltAllofusarelookingforwardto______atriptotheMingTombs.a.makeb.makingc.tomakingd.havemadeIwouldlike______thatIdon’thaveaveryhighopinionofyou.a.tohaveyouknowb.haveyouknowc.tohaveyourknownd.havingyouknowThefamousscientistwaseasy_______alongwith.a.togetb.forgettingc.gettingd.gotThematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers______amatchwithoutastandardcourt.a.objectedtohavingb.objectedtohavec.wereobjectedtohaved.wereobjectedtohavingIlikewatchingTV______tothecinema.a.morethantogob.morethangoingc.thangoingd.ratherthantogoMrs.Brownissupposed______forItalylastweek.a.tohaveleftb.toleavec.tobeleavingd.tohavebeenleftThere’sonethingIdislikeabouthim:hewillneveradmit______amistake.a.havingmadeb.makingc.beingmaded.havebeenmadeThechairmaninsiststhattherebeameeting_______withintheshortestpossibletime.a.toholdb.tobeheldc.tohavebeenheldd.tobeholdingWhentheymet,Leonardsandhisenemywerefighting______.a.killedeachotherb.tokilleachotherc.killingeachotherd.tobekilledeachotherAtlasttheysucceeded______thejob.a.topersuadehimtotakeb.inpersuadinghimtotakec.topersuadehimtakingd.inpersuadinghimtakingHelistenedtome______whatMr.Smithhadsaidthedaybefore.a.torepeatb.toberepeatedc.torepeatingd.repeatWouldyoube______tohelpmewithmyluggage?a.enoughkindb.kindenoughc.tookindd.kindtooThefatheradvise______thesecond-handcar.a.hissontonotbuyb.hissonnottobuyc.hisson’snobuyingd.thathissonnottobuyIttakesawholeyearfortheearth______sThefactory______nextyearwillbeoneofthelargestinthiscity.a.tobuildb.tobebuiltc.beingbuiltd.havingbeenbuilt“WhereshouldIsendmyapplication?”“ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace______.”a.tosentitb.sentittoc.tosendittod