考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-云南經(jīng)濟(jì)管理學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(類(lèi)固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。第一段主要說(shuō)明了什么是肥胖及什么導(dǎo)致了肥胖，第二段至第五段討論了肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致的各種健康問(wèn)題，最后一段說(shuō)明了減肥失敗的原因。因此D項(xiàng)“肥胖會(huì)導(dǎo)致許多嚴(yán)重的健康問(wèn)題”符合文章大意。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:肥胖通常與類(lèi)固醇等藥物有關(guān)。第一段贊成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（類(lèi)固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少數(shù)情況下，肥胖是由甲狀腺功能減退等疾病或服用能導(dǎo)致體重增加的如類(lèi)固醇藥物造成的）。因此A項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不會(huì)影響一個(gè)人得癌癥的幾率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C:肥胖的診斷是基于一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型的正常體重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定義為脂肪的積累超過(guò)了就一個(gè)人的年齡、性別和體型而言被認(rèn)為是正常的水平）。因此C項(xiàng)正確。D:在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖已經(jīng)不再是一個(gè)問(wèn)題了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在當(dāng)今社會(huì)，肥胖被認(rèn)為是一種疾?。?。因此D項(xiàng)不符合原文所述。本題選C。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（節(jié)食并不能教會(huì)人們?nèi)绾握_飲食。他們只是暫時(shí)限制食物攝入，所以當(dāng)飲食結(jié)束時(shí)，體重又會(huì)恢復(fù)增長(zhǎng)）。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō)，減肥是不明智的。B:有些手術(shù)減肥方法比節(jié)食減肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要減掉多余的體重。D:肥胖的人應(yīng)該向醫(yī)生咨詢(xún)減肥的利與弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，減肥可能比超重帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)更大。一些研究人員反駁說(shuō)，超重每年間接導(dǎo)致30多萬(wàn)人死亡。由此推斷，是否應(yīng)減肥還應(yīng)向醫(yī)生咨詢(xún)，故選D。

第5題:判斷推理題。A:肥胖不是一個(gè)主要的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。文章提及很多肥胖導(dǎo)致的健康問(wèn)題，因此A項(xiàng)并不能被推斷出。B:科學(xué)家們一致認(rèn)為肥胖和死亡之間存在聯(lián)系。第五段有指出：關(guān)于肥胖與死亡的關(guān)系，有很多不同觀點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)也不能被推斷出。C:胖人有可能受到他人對(duì)自己的偏見(jiàn)。D:肥胖的人經(jīng)常把自己的狀況歸咎于別人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被與懶惰、失敗或意志力不足聯(lián)系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人責(zé)怪他們自己太重，從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)疚和沮喪的感覺(jué)。由此推斷，C項(xiàng)正確，D項(xiàng)不正確。本題選C。

2.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.

BeginningintheUnitedStatesinDecember2007(andwithmuchgreaterintensitysinceSeptember2008，accordingtotheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch),muchoftheindustrializedworldhasbeenundergoingarecession,apronounceddecelerationofeconomicactivity.Thisglobalrecessionhasbeentakingplaceinaneconomicenvironmentcharacterizedbyvariousimbalancesandwassparkedbytheoutbreakofthefinancialcrisisof2007-2010.Althoughthelate2000srecessionhasattimesbeenreferredtoas“theGreatRecession,”thissamephrasehasbeenusedtorefertoeveryrecessionoftheseveralprecedingdecades.InJuly2009,itwasannouncedthatagrowingnumberofeconomistsbelievedthattherecessionmayhaveended.

ThefinancialcrisishasbeenlinkedtorecklessandunsustainablelendingpracticescompoundedbygovernmentinterventionandthegrowingtrendofsecuritizationofrealestatemortgageintheUnitedStates.TheUSmortgage-backedsecurities,whichhadrisksthatwerehardtoassess,weremarketedaroundtheworld.Amorebroadbasedcreditboomfedaglobalspeculativebubbleinrealestateandequities,whichservedtoreinforcetheriskylendingpractices.Theprecariousfinancialsituationwasmademoredifficultbyasharpincreaseinoilandfoodprices.TheemergenceofSub-primeloanlossesin2007beganthecrisisandexposedotherriskyloansandover-inflatedassetprocess.WithloanlossesmountingandthefallofLehmanBrothersonSeptember15,2008,amajorpanicbrokeoutontheinter-bankloanmarket.AsshareandhousingpricesdeclinedmanylargeandwellestablishedinvestmentandcommercialbanksintheUnitedStatesandEuropesufferedhugelossesandevenfacedbankruptcy,resultinginmassivepublicfinancialassistance.

Aglobalrecessionhasresultedinsharpdropininternationaltrade,risingunemploymentandslumpingcommodityprices.InDecember2008,theNationalBureauofEconomicResearch(NBER)declaredthattheUnitedStateshadbeeninrecessionsinceDecember2007.Severaleconomistshavepredictedthatrecoverymaynotappearuntil2011andthattherecessionwillbetheworstsincetheGreatDepressionofthe1930s.Theconditionsleadinguptothecrisis,characterizedbyanexorbitantriseinassetpricesandassociatedboomineconomicdemand,areconsideredaresultoftheextendedperiodofeasilyavailablecredit,inadequateregulationandoversight,orincreasinginequality.

TherecessionhasrenewedinterestinKeynesianeconomicideasonhowtocombatrecessionaryconditions.Fiscalandmonetarypolicieshavebeensignificantlyeasedtostemtherecessionandfinancialrisks.Mosteconomistsbelievethatthestimulusshouldbewithdrawnassoonastheeconomiesrecoverenoughto“chartapathtosustainablegrowth”.

【答案】2007年12月從美國(guó)開(kāi)始(美國(guó)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)研究局稱(chēng)，自2008年9月以來(lái)，美國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退強(qiáng)度更大)，許多工業(yè)化國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)明顯減速。這次全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退發(fā)生在以各種不平衡為特征的經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境中，是由2007-2010年金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)引起的。雖然2000年后期的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退有時(shí)被稱(chēng)為“經(jīng)濟(jì)大衰退”，但同樣的說(shuō)法也被用來(lái)指過(guò)去幾十年的每一次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退。2009年7月，越來(lái)越多的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家相信此次經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退可能已經(jīng)結(jié)束。

這次金融危機(jī)與不計(jì)后果和無(wú)法維持的借貸行為有關(guān)，再加上政府的干預(yù)和美國(guó)房地產(chǎn)抵押證券化的日益增長(zhǎng)的趨勢(shì)。美國(guó)抵押擔(dān)保證券已在世界各地被銷(xiāo)售，這些證券的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很難評(píng)估。

一個(gè)更廣泛的信貸繁榮催生了全球房地產(chǎn)和股票投機(jī)泡沫，從而加強(qiáng)了高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)貸款做法。岌岌可危的財(cái)政狀況因石油和食品價(jià)格急劇上漲而變得更加困難了。2007年次貸款虧損的出現(xiàn)引發(fā)了這次危機(jī)，暴露了其他高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)貸款和過(guò)度膨脹的資產(chǎn)過(guò)程。隨著貸款損失的增加以及2008年9月15日雷曼兄弟的破產(chǎn)，銀行間貸款市場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)了重大恐慌。隨著股票和房?jī)r(jià)的下跌，美國(guó)和歐洲許多大型、老牌的投資銀行和商業(yè)銀行遭受了巨大的損失，甚至面臨破產(chǎn)，從而導(dǎo)致大量的公共財(cái)政援助。

全球經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退導(dǎo)致國(guó)際貿(mào)易急劇下降，失業(yè)率上升，商品價(jià)格下跌。2008年12月，美國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局宣布，自2007年12月以來(lái)，美國(guó)一直處于經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退狀態(tài)。幾位經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測(cè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇可能要到2011年才會(huì)出現(xiàn)，這次經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退將是20世紀(jì)30年代經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條以來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的一次。導(dǎo)致這次經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)的條件被認(rèn)為是由于信貸期限延長(zhǎng)、監(jiān)管和監(jiān)督不足或不平等加劇造成的，其特點(diǎn)是資產(chǎn)價(jià)格暴漲和相關(guān)的經(jīng)濟(jì)需求激增。

這次經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退使人們對(duì)凱恩斯主義關(guān)于如何應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的經(jīng)濟(jì)觀點(diǎn)重新產(chǎn)生了興趣。財(cái)政和貨幣政策已大幅度放松，以遏制經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退和金融風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。大多數(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，一旦經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)到足以“開(kāi)辟一條可持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)的道路”，經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激計(jì)劃就應(yīng)該立即退出。

3.單選題

Thesevariedracialgroupshavelearnedtolivetogetherinpeaceand（

），settinganexamplewellworthfollowing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.harmony

B.grace

C.rhythm

D.relief

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。harmony和睦，融洽；grace優(yōu)雅；rhythm節(jié)奏，韻律；relief救濟(jì)，減輕；peaceandharmony和諧和平，是固定搭配。句意：這些不同的種族群體已學(xué)會(huì)和平共處地生活在一起，樹(shù)立了值得學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣。答案A

4.單選題

Inthesetimes,whenourformofgovernmentisbeingcriticizedbypeopleofmanydifferentbeliefs,itisimportantthatweunderstandtheprinciplesonwhichoursocietywasfounded.Toooftentheseprinciplesaredisregardedbytheverypeoplewhoaremostvociferousindefendingthecountryagainstcriticism.Basictoourdemocracyisabeliefthattruthcanonlybearrivedatthroughafreeinterchangeofideas.Freedomofspeechisoneofourmostcherishedvalues.Nevertheless,withatotaldisregardoftheprinciplesofdemocraticfairplay,theaveragecitizenisapttohurlrashaccusationsinanattempttosilenceanyonewhomaynotagreewithhim.Toomanycitizensunderstanddemocracyonlyasasloganandhavenorealconceptthatdemocracyinpracticemeanswemusttoleratetheexpressionofunpopularideas.

Ourlistofdeadlysinsshouldberevisedtoincludethemisrepresentationofprinciplestogratifyone’spersonalspiteorvanity,thebetrayalofgreatcausesbymakingthemthecloakforpersonaladvancement,andthedebasementofhighidealsbyusingthemasapretextforthecalumniationofhonorablemen.

Thecommongoodshouldnotbemadeapoliticalfootball,fortheonlythingthatbindsmenisacommontrust,thethingthatunitesthemisacausetheyshare.Thatcausemustbesomethinggreaterthanmerepersonalpromotion.Thecauseforwhichmenliveandfightcannotappealtotheirpocketbookalone,butmustalsoappealtotheirhearts.

Letustakealessonfromthoserevolutionarieswhopromiseimpoverishedpeoplenotonlylandbutalsoavision.Itistruethattheirpoliciesoftencontradictthepromisestheymade,buttheyfirstwintheirwaybyproclaimingavisionwhichinspirespeople.Leninhimself,thesupremetechnicianofpolicy,knewhecouldnotachievehisendssimplybyplayingupdiscontents,masterashewasatthatgame.Heknewhecouldnotwinthepeopleovermerelybystirringuphatredsorappealingtoself-interest.Thepeoplemustfeelthethrobofagreatercause,glimpseavisionofabetterworld.

Thisvisionisparticularlynecessarytowintheloyaltiesoftheyoung.Wecertainlywillnotinspirethemifwemakeourcaseonthegroundthatcapitalisticplanningismoreefficientthansocialisticplanning.Efficientforwhat?Andforwhom?Theplannersaresometimesefficientenoughinseekingtheirowngainattheexpenseofthecommongood.No,wemustseekstrongerandhighergroundsifwearetoconvinceevenourselvesthatoursisthebestway.

Thatiswhyitisdeplorablethatinthiscountrywearesocomplacentaboutourheritage.Wedonotappreciatethestrengthandvitalityofthethingthatunitedus.Sowecarrylittleconvictionwhenwearechallengedtodefendourwayoflife.

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof（）.

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe（）

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.objectiveinterest

B.hostileantagonism

C.hesitantacceptance

D.enthusiasticapproval

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.falseandtreacherous

B.credibleandinspiring

C.ambiguousandconfusing

D.superficialandirrelevant

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Self-interest.

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernations

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlands

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracy

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountry

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthebasictenetsofdemocracyisapparentlyoneof______.1.作者對(duì)民主基本原則的態(tài)度顯然是一種______。

A.objectiveinterestA.客觀利益

B.hostileantagonismB.敵對(duì)態(tài)度

C.hesitantacceptanceC.猶豫的接受

D.enthusiasticapprovalD.熱情贊同

【考查點(diǎn)】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的第一句“當(dāng)我們的政府形式受到許多不同信仰的人的批評(píng)時(shí)，我們必須理解（itisimportantthatweunderstand）我們社會(huì)賴(lài)以建立的原則”，從important（重要的）和understand（理解）可推測(cè)出，作者對(duì)民主基本原則的態(tài)度是熱情的贊成，所以選項(xiàng)D更準(zhǔn)確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“客觀利益”沒(méi)有提到，無(wú)中生有；

B項(xiàng)“敵對(duì)態(tài)度”和C項(xiàng)“猶豫的接受”根據(jù)解題思路可知，曲解原文。

第2題:2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Theauthorimpliesthatimpoverishedpeopleoftenconsiderthepromiseofrevolutionariestobe______.2.作者暗示說(shuō)，貧困的人們通常認(rèn)為革命者的承諾是______。

A.falseandtreacherousA.錯(cuò)誤和危險(xiǎn)的

B.credibleandinspiringB.可靠和鼓舞人心的

C.ambiguousandconfusingC.模糊和混淆的

D.superficialandirrelevantD.膚淺和無(wú)關(guān)緊要的

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段第二句“他們的政策常常與他們所作的承諾相矛盾，但他們首先是通過(guò)宣布一個(gè)鼓舞人心的愿景（avisionwhichinspirespeople）來(lái)贏得勝利的”，從中可知，作者暗示窮人往往認(rèn)為革命者做出的承諾是鼓舞人心的。B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“錯(cuò)誤和危險(xiǎn)的”、C項(xiàng)“模糊和混淆的”和D項(xiàng)“膚淺和無(wú)關(guān)緊要的”根據(jù)解題思路可知，屬于曲解原文。

第3題:3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingmoststronglyunitesmen?3.根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，以下哪項(xiàng)最能將人們團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)？

A.Self-interest.A.利己主義。

B.Thepressureofeconomicnecessity.B.經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的壓力。

C.Discontentwithacommonoppressor.C.對(duì)普通壓迫者的不滿(mǎn)。

D.Thesharedidealofmakingabetterworld.D.創(chuàng)造更美好世界的共同理想。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第一句“把人們凝聚在一起的唯一東西是共同的信任，把人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起的東西是他們共同的事業(yè)”，可知將人們團(tuán)結(jié)在一起的是共同的信任和事業(yè)，這與D項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)造更美好世界的共同理想”表述相符合，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“利己主義”、B項(xiàng)“經(jīng)濟(jì)需要的壓力”和C項(xiàng)“對(duì)普通壓迫者的不滿(mǎn)”根據(jù)解題思路可知，這三項(xiàng)都不能將人們團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。

第4題:4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinthepassageisto______.4.作者在文章中的主要目的是為了______。

A.praisethepropagandamethodsofothernationsA.贊揚(yáng)其他國(guó)家的宣傳方法

B.encouragethespreadofdemocracytounderdevelopedlandsB.鼓勵(lì)在欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)推廣民主

C.urgegreaterdevotiontotheidealsofdemocracyC.敦促人們更加獻(xiàn)身于民主的理想

D.criticizethosewhoputself-interestaheadoftheinterestsoftheircountryD.批評(píng)那些把個(gè)人利益置于國(guó)家利益之上的人

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“太多的公民只把民主理解為一種口號(hào)，而沒(méi)有真正的概念，即民主在實(shí)踐中意味著我們必須容忍不受歡迎的思想的表達(dá)”，綜合理解全文可知，整個(gè)文章都在講民主原則以及對(duì)它的正確理解，鼓勵(lì)人們?yōu)閯?chuàng)立一個(gè)更加美好的世界而努力，所以作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的主要目的是敦促大家更多地獻(xiàn)身于民主的理想。該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“贊揚(yáng)其他國(guó)家的宣傳方法”和B項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)在欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)推廣民主”在文中沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“批評(píng)那些把個(gè)人利益置于國(guó)家利益之上的人”在文中雖然提到了，但并不是文章主旨，屬于以偏概全。

5.單選題

Thedinner________prepared,Itookanapbeforetheguestsarrived.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.be

B.being

C.havingbeen

D.tobe

【答案】C

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：晚餐做好了我在客人來(lái)之前打了個(gè)盹。主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“took”是過(guò)去時(shí)，而根據(jù)句意晚餐是在“我”睡覺(jué)之前就已經(jīng)做好了，是一種完成的狀態(tài)，所以答案要選C：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。A選項(xiàng)會(huì)造成主句有兩套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，而句子中間沒(méi)有連詞，所以不能選A；B選項(xiàng)表示現(xiàn)在而D選項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)，不符合題意。

6.單選題

Indeed,almosteveryscientistnowfindsitisimpossibletoreadalltheworksrelevanttohisownsubject,______extensivelyoutsideofit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchmoretoread

B.muchlesstoread

C.muchlessreading

D.stillmorereading

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.muchmoretoread要讀得更多

B.muchlesstoread更不用說(shuō)去讀

C.muchlessreading更不用說(shuō)讀D.stillmorereading仍然更多的閱讀

【考查點(diǎn)】比較級(jí)的用法。

【解題思路】句子中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞find的真正賓語(yǔ)是toread…，所以比較成分中同樣要用to的不定式；而muchless為常見(jiàn)用法，表示“更不用說(shuō)”，符合句子意思。故該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)不符合句子意思，與主句語(yǔ)意相矛盾；

C、D選項(xiàng)中的reading和主句中賓語(yǔ)成分結(jié)構(gòu)不對(duì)等。

【句意】事實(shí)上，幾乎每一位科學(xué)家現(xiàn)在都發(fā)現(xiàn)，要讀完與自己學(xué)科相關(guān)的所有著作是不可能的，更不用說(shuō)廣泛閱讀學(xué)科之外的著作了。

7.單選題

It（

）atleast50%offtheregularpriceofeitherframesorlenseswhenyoubuyboth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.entitlesyouto

B.providesyou

C.suppliesyoufor

D.givesyouto

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)entitlesyouto“給你……權(quán)”；B選項(xiàng)providesyou“提供你”；C選項(xiàng)suppliesyoufor“為你提供”；D選項(xiàng)givesyouto“給你”。句意：當(dāng)你鏡框和鏡片都買(mǎi)了的話(huà)，它會(huì)給你鏡框或者鏡片半價(jià)的折扣。這里答案選A，只有當(dāng)你鏡框和鏡片都買(mǎi)，你才有半價(jià)權(quán)利。provide后面不能接雙賓語(yǔ)，所以不選；give可以接雙賓語(yǔ)，所以不需要加to；supply一般與with或者to搭配，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

8.單選題

Hisbreakingoftherulessetadangerous（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.custom

B.precedent

C.practice

D.usage

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他違反了規(guī)則,開(kāi)了一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的先例。

考查名詞辨析。Custom風(fēng)俗,習(xí)慣,習(xí)性,經(jīng)常光顧;precedent實(shí)例,范例;先前出現(xiàn)的事例,前例,先例;practice練習(xí),實(shí)行,習(xí)慣;usage使用,用法,慣例。因此B符合句意。

9.單選題

Whenitcomestothetruthofthecase,his（）answeris“nocomment”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.invariable

B.investigative

C.invalid

D.invasive

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。invariable不變的,

始終如一的；investigative調(diào)查研究的；invalid無(wú)效的；invasive侵略性的。句意：說(shuō)到案件的真相,

他始終如一的回答是“無(wú)可奉告”。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

10.單選題

Theirnewpolicygave______toincreasedunemployment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arise

B.arouse

C.raise

D.rise

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)arise“產(chǎn)生；發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)（常用于抽象事物）”；B選項(xiàng)arouse“引起；喚醒；鼓勵(lì)；激發(fā)”；C選項(xiàng)raise“提高；籌集；養(yǎng)育；升起；飼養(yǎng)，種植”（及物動(dòng)詞，表示把某具體事物抬起高處或提高某抽象事物）；D選項(xiàng)rise“攀升；起床；升起；休會(huì)；（數(shù)量）增加；變得更成功”（使用范圍廣，既用于具體事物的“上升、增長(zhǎng)”，又用于抽象事物的“上漲”）。根據(jù)固定搭配giveriseto“引起；導(dǎo)致；造成；產(chǎn)生”可知句意為：他們的新政策導(dǎo)致更多人失業(yè)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Wehaveinvested（）80,000inthisprojectbuttillnowthereisnohopeforustogetapennyback.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.subsequently

B.unexpectedly

C.approximately

D.reluctantly

【答案】C

【解析】詞義辨析題。subsequently隨后；unexpectedly想不到的；approximately大約,

近乎；reluctantly不情愿地。句意：我們?cè)谶@個(gè)項(xiàng)目上投資了大約8萬(wàn)美元,

但到目前為止,

我們還沒(méi)有希望收回一分錢(qián)。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

12.單選題

Eventhoughhewasguilty,the（

）judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.merciful

B.impartial

C.conscientious

D.conspicuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。merciful意為“仁慈的，寬恕的，溫和的”；impartial意為“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意為“一絲不茍的，認(rèn)真的”；conspicuous意為“明顯的”。由前面eventhough（即使，縱然）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的guilty和主句中的didnotsendhimtoprison表示thejudge是仁慈的，因此選A。

句意：即使他有罪，仁慈的法官也沒(méi)有把他送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。

13.單選題

Thestorywas（）;itwascompletelyuntrue.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.facilitated

B.fascinated

C.fabricated

D.formulated

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)facilitated“促進(jìn)；幫助”；B選項(xiàng)fascinated“使著迷；使陶醉”；C選項(xiàng)fabricated“編造；虛構(gòu)”；D選項(xiàng)formulated“規(guī)劃”。句意：這個(gè)故事是……的，完全不真實(shí)。根據(jù)后面的評(píng)價(jià)completelyuntrue“一點(diǎn)也不真實(shí)”，可以知道這個(gè)故事是編造而成的。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.Women’seducationmaybeunusualterritoryforeconomists,butenhancingwomen’scontributiontodevelopmentisactuallyasmuchaneconomicasasocialissue.Andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives,providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.

Parentsinlow-incomecountriesfailtoinvestintheirdaughtersbecausetheydonotexpectthemtomakeaneconomiccontributiontothefamily:girlsgrowuponlytomarryintosomebodyelse’sfamilyandbearchildren.Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.

Aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.Sheislikelytohavefewerbuthealthierchildrenandcaninsistonthedevelopmentofallherchildren,ensuringthatherdaughtersaregivenafairchance.Theeducationofherdaughtersthenmakesitmuchmorelikelythatthenextgenerationofgirls,aswellasofboys,willbeeducatedandhealthy.Theviciouscircleisthustransformedintoavirtuouscircle.

Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.Mostobviously,thereisthedirecteffectofeducationonthewagesoffemaleworkers.Wagesriseby10to20percentforeachadditionalyearofschooling.Suchbigreturnsareimpressivebythestandardofotheravailableinvestments,buttheyarejustthebeginning.Educatingwomenalsohasasignificantimpactonhealthpractices,includingfamilyplanning.

1.Theauthorarguesthateducatinggirlsindevelopingcountriesis（）.

2.Bysaying“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling...”(Para.2),theauthormeansthat（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthataviciouscirclecanturnintoavirtuouscirclewhen（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutwomen’seducation?

5.Thispassagemainlydiscusses（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.troublesome

B.labor-saving

C.rewarding

D.expensive.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.girlswillturnouttobelessvaluablethanboys

B.girlswillbecapableofrealizingtheirowndreams

C.girlswilleventuallyfindtheirgoalsinlifebeyondreach

D.girlswillbeincreasinglydiscontentedwiththeirlifeathome

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.womencaremoreabouteducation

B.girlscangainequalaccesstoeducation

C.afamilyhasfewerbuthealthierchildren

D.parentscanaffordtheirdaughters’education

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itdeservesgreaterattentionthanothersocialissues.

B.Itisnowgiventoppriorityinmanydevelopingcountries.

C.Itwillyieldgreaterreturnsthanotherknowninvestment.

D.Ithasarousedtheinterestofagrowingnumberofeconomists.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.unequaltreatmentofboysandgirlsindevelopingcountries

B.thepotentialearningpowerofwell-educatedwomen

C.themajorcontributionsofeducatedwomentosociety

D.theeconomicandsocialbenefitsofeducatingwomen

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文首段第一句“Educatinggirlsquitepossiblyyieldsahigherrateofreturnthananyotherinvestmentavailableinthedevelopingworld.在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，為女孩提供教育保障的回報(bào)率很可能比其他任何投資都要高。”由此可知，C選項(xiàng)rewarding“有回報(bào)的”符合原文。A選項(xiàng)troublesome“麻煩的”；B選項(xiàng)labor-saving“節(jié)省勞力的”；D選項(xiàng)expensive“昂貴的”，均不正確。

2.作者意圖題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話(huà)“…theprophecybecomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircleofneglect.這種預(yù)言變成了自我實(shí)現(xiàn)，使女性陷入被忽視的惡性循環(huán)。”這一預(yù)言即破折號(hào)前面所提到的“Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool…因此，女孩被認(rèn)為不如男孩有價(jià)值，她們被關(guān)在家里做家務(wù)，而她們的兄弟則被送去上學(xué)”，由此可知，選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容，作者通過(guò)列舉一個(gè)受過(guò)教育的母親的事例來(lái)闡述了惡性循環(huán)變成良性循環(huán)的情況。受過(guò)教育的母親不會(huì)有很多孩子，能夠顧及所有孩子的發(fā)展，確保她的女兒能夠得到公平（接受教育）的機(jī)會(huì)。因此，她女兒的教育使下一代女孩以及男孩更有可能受到良好的教育。也就是說(shuō)，只有當(dāng)女孩能夠獲得平等接受教育的機(jī)會(huì)才能使惡性循環(huán)變成良性循環(huán)，所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文最后一段的第一、二句“Fewwilldisputethateducatingwomenhasgreatsocialbenefits.Butithasenormouseconomicadvantagesaswell.幾乎沒(méi)有人會(huì)質(zhì)疑女性接受教育具有巨大的社會(huì)效益。但它同樣也有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)?！边@一觀點(diǎn)和首段第一句呼應(yīng)，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為女性接受教育會(huì)產(chǎn)生比其他投資更大的回報(bào)。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容以及上一題可知，作者一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)女性接受教育所產(chǎn)生的回報(bào)，不僅具有巨大的社會(huì)效益，同樣也有巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。所以本文主要討論的是婦女接受教育所帶來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)利益，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

15.單選題

Thecaptainoften（

）responsibilitytohissubordinates,soastohavetimetodotheimportanttaskshimself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.analyzed

B.respected

C.criticized

D.assigned

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。analyze“分析，解釋”；respect“尊敬，尊重”；criticize“批評(píng)”；assign“分派，選派，分配”；根據(jù)句意‘船長(zhǎng)經(jīng)常將任務(wù)（

）下屬，以便自己有時(shí)間去做更重要的工作?！_定D選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

The（）cycleoflifeanddeathisasubjectofinteresttoscientistsandphilosophersalike.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.incompatible

B.exceeding

C.instantaneous

D.eternal

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析。incompatible不相容的，矛盾的；exceeding超越;instantaneous瞬間的，即刻的；eternal永恒的，不朽的。句意：（）生死輪回是一個(gè)科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家都感興趣的課題。D選項(xiàng)eternal符合句意。

17.單選題

PenguinsdonotsufferfromthecoldinAntarcticabecausetheirfeathers（）aprotectiveoil.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.secrete

B.warm

C.hide

D.absorb

【答案】A

【解析】secrete藏匿,分泌；warm使...溫暖；hide隱藏；absorb吸收,承受。句意：企鵝在南極洲不受寒冷的影響,因?yàn)樗鼈兊挠鹈置谝环N保護(hù)性的油。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

18.單選題

Manycompaniesallowyoutotryequipmentandwill______equipmenttoyouinyourownhome.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proclaim

B.demonstrate

C.recommend

D.package

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)proclaim“宣告；成為標(biāo)志”；B選項(xiàng)demonstrate“證實(shí)；表現(xiàn)，顯露”；C選項(xiàng)recommend“舉薦；建議”；D選項(xiàng)package“將……包裝好；包裝成”。句意：許多公司允許您試用設(shè)備，并將設(shè)備______送到您自己家中。橫線處和equipment“設(shè)備”形成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，D選項(xiàng)package“將……包裝好”可以進(jìn)行搭配，符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Somepeoplethinktheycanreadaman’s________fromhishandwriting.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attribute

B.feature

C.property

D.character

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)attribute“屬性，特質(zhì)”；B選項(xiàng)feature“特色，特征”；C選項(xiàng)property“財(cái)產(chǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)character“性格，特性”。句意：一些人認(rèn)為他們可以從一個(gè)人的筆跡中看出這個(gè)人的（）。從筆跡中看出來(lái)的是人的性格特點(diǎn)，A，B，D都有性格的意思，但是attribute一般指一個(gè)群體的特性，比如說(shuō)Patienceisoneofthemostimportantattributesinateacher.（耐心是作為老師最重要的特性之一）；feature指的是一種外顯的特征，一眼看得出來(lái)不需要推測(cè)，比如說(shuō)Hereyesarehermoststrikingfeature.（她容貌中最引人注目的特點(diǎn)是她的雙眼）；character指的是人的性格特點(diǎn)；所以答案選D。

20.案例題

Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.（1）.Infantsformanattachmentwiththemotherthatmustundergoaprocessofseparationandindividuation.Objectrelationspsychologyexaminesthisrelationship,whichdependsontheabilityofthechildtoseparatehimselffromhisobject,themother,andrealizethatheisaseparateindividual.（2）.Certainly,affectionate,caringparentsareessentialaswell.Asthechildbeginstodevelophissenseofself,hemustmastercertaindevelopmentaltasksthatarepartofgrowingup,suchasacquisitionoflanguageandtoilettraining.（3）.

（4）.Sinceaninfantsrelationshipwithhismotherissoimportant,accordingtomanypsychologists,whateffectdoesbeingseparatedfromthebiologicalmotherhaveontheadoptedchild?（5）.Butwhataboutachildwhoisolderwhenheisadopted?

（6）.Whenheisplacedwithanadoptivefamily,heislikelytoexperienceseparationanxietyfrombisfostermother,whocanberegardedassymbolicallyabandoninghimashisownbiologicalmotherdid.

（7）.Nowitseemsasthoughhehastostartover;hisprotestingmaygivewaytodespairasheyearnsforpeoplewhousedtobeinhislife.Theadoptivefamilyshouldofferasmuchaffectionandsecurityaspossibletoreassurethechildthatheissafe,thattheyarereliablesourcesoflovingcare,andthattheywillhelphimthroughthisdifficultstage.

（8）.Althoughhemaynotmindtheactualseparationfromhismotherwhenhegoestoplayschoolordaycare,hemaybecomeobsessedaboutthetimewhenhismotherissupposedtopickhimupatdaycareorkindergarten;tardinessmayprovokefearsaboutcaraccidentsordeath.

Ontheotherhand,somepsychologistsbelievethatachildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparentsandthereforemorepronetoseparationanxietythanaresomeofthosewhoaretreatedmoreroughly.（9）.Onthecontrary,thecapacitytoexperienceseparationanxietycanberegardedasasignofthehealthypersonality.（10）.

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?10,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatojtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

A.Asafe,lovingenvironmentisanotherne