考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-內(nèi)蒙古工業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

PassagethreeToomanyvulnerablechild-freeadultsarebeingruthlessly(無(wú)情的)manipulatedintoparent-hoodbytheirparents,whothinkthathappinessamongolderpeopledependsonhavingagrand-childtospoil.Weneedanorganizationtohelpbeatdownthepersistentcampaignsofgrand-childlessparents.It’stimetoestablishPlannedGrandparenthood,whichwouldhavemanyglobalandlocalbenefits.

Partofitsmissionwouldbetopromotetherisksandrealitiesassociatedwithbeingagrandparent.Thestaffwouldincludedepressedgrandparentswhowouldexplainhowgrandkidsbreaklamps,bite,screamandkick.Otherswoulddetailhowanhourofbaby-sittingoftenturnsintoacryingmarathon.Moregrandparentswouldtestifythattheyhadtopayfortheirgrandchild’sexpensivecollegeeducation.

Plannedgrandparenthood’scarefullywrittenliteraturewoulddetailallthejoysoflifegrand-child-freeacalmlivingroom,extramoneyforluxuriesduringthegoldenyears,etc.Potentialgrandparentswouldberemindedthat,withoutgrandchildrenaround,it’spossibletohaveaconversationwithyourkids,whoincidentallywouldhavemoretimefortheirownparents.

Meanwhile,mostchildrenarevulnerabletotheenormousinfluenceexertedbygrand-childlessparentsaimingtopersuadetheirkidstoproducechildren.Theywilltakeacallfromapersistentparent,evenifthey’reloadedwithworks.Inaddition,someparentsmakehandsomemoneyofferspayableuponthegrandchild’sbirth.Sometimesthesegiftsnotonlycoverexpensesassociatedwiththeinfant’sbirth,butextras,too,likeavacation.Inanycase,cashgiftscanweakentheresolveofeventhenoblestperson.

AtPlannedGrandparenthood,childrentargetedbytheirparentstoreproducecouldobtainnon-biasedinformationabouttheinsanityofhavingtheirownkids.Thecatastrophicpsychologicalandeconomiccostsofchildbearingwouldbeemphasized.Thesymptomsofmorningsicknesswouldbelistedandhorrorsofchildbirthpictured.Amonthlynewsletterwouldcontainstoriesaboutoverwhelmedparentsandofferguidanceonhowchildlessadultscanrespondtothedifferentlobbyingtacticsthatwould-begrandparentsemploy.

WhenIthinkaboutalltheproblemsofouroverpopulatedworldandlookatourboygrabbingatthelampbythesofa,IwishIcouldhaveturnedtoPlannedGrandparenthoodwhenmyparentswereputtingthegrandchildsqueezeonme.

IfIcouldhave,Imightnotbeinthisparenthoodpredicament(窘境).Buthere’sthecrazyirony,Idon’twantmychild-freelifeback.Dylan’stoomuchfun.

31.What’sthepurposeoftheproposedorganizationPlannedGrandparenthood?

32.PlannedGrandparenthoodwouldincludedepressedgrandparentsonitsstaffinorderto______.

33.Accordingtothepassage,somecouplesmayeventuallychoosetohavechildrenbecause______.

34.Bysaying“…myparentswereputtingthegrandchildsqueezeonme”(Para.6),theauthormeansthat______.

35.Whatdoestheauthorreallyoftheideaofhavingchildren?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Todiscouragepeoplefrominsistingonhavinggrandchildren.

B.Tooffercounselingtopeopleonhowtoraisegrandchildren.

C.Toprovidefacilitiesandservicesforgrand-childlessparents.

D.Toencouragechildlesscouplestohavechildren.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.sharetheirexperienceinraisinggrandchildreninamorescientificway

B.drawattentiontothetroublesanddifficultiesgrandchildrenmaycause

C.helpraisefundstocoverthehighexpenseofeducationforgrandchildren

D.showthemthejoysoflifegrandparentsmayhaveinraisinggrandchildren

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theyhavelearnfromotherparentsaboutthejoysofhavingchildren

B.theyfeelmoreandmorelonelyadtheygrowolder

C.theyhavefounditirrationaltoremainchildless

D.theyfindithardtoresistthecarrot-and-stickapproachoftheirparents

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.herparentsaskedhertosavefortheexpensesofraisingachild

B.herparentskeptpressuringhertohaveachild

C.herparentslikedtohaveagrandchildintheirarms

D.herparentskeptblamingherforherchild’sbadbehavior

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Itcontributestooverpopulation.

B.Itisapsychologicalcatastrophe.

C.Itistroublesomebutrewarding.

D.Itdoesmoreharmthangood.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】31.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

31.What’sthepurposeoftheproposedorganizationPlannedGrandparenthood?31.提議祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育組織的目的是什么？

A.Todiscouragepeoplefrominsistingonhavinggrandchildren.A.讓人們不要再堅(jiān)持要孫子孫女了。

B.Tooffercounselingtopeopleonhowtoraisegrandchildren.B.為人們提供如何撫養(yǎng)孫子孫女的咨詢。

C.Toprovidefacilitiesandservicesforgrand-childlessparents.C.為沒(méi)有孫子孫女的祖父母提供設(shè)施和服務(wù)。

D.Toencouragechildlesscouplestohavechildren.D.鼓勵(lì)無(wú)子女的夫婦生孩子。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“我們需要一個(gè)組織來(lái)打消上一代對(duì)于要孩子的偏執(zhí)。是時(shí)候建立一個(gè)祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育了，這會(huì)為當(dāng)?shù)匕傩丈踔寥澜缭旄??！崩斫饪芍?，祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育組織的目的是打消上一代對(duì)于要孫子孫女的偏執(zhí)，A項(xiàng)“讓人們不要再堅(jiān)持要孫子孫女了”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“為人們提供如何撫養(yǎng)孫子孫女的咨詢”，根據(jù)第二段第一句“它的部分使命是宣傳與做祖父母有關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和現(xiàn)實(shí)”可知，該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“為沒(méi)有孫子孫女的祖父母提供設(shè)施和服務(wù)”沒(méi)有提到，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)無(wú)子女的夫婦生孩子”，祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育是打消父母要孫子孫女的想法，所以該項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾。

32.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

32.PlannedGrandparenthoodwouldincludedepressedgrandparentsonitsstaffinorderto______.32.祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育將包括患有抑郁癥的祖父母，以便______。

A.sharetheirexperienceinraisinggrandchildreninamorescientificwayA.分享他們以更科學(xué)的方式撫養(yǎng)孫子孫女的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

B.drawattentiontothetroublesanddifficultiesgrandchildrenmaycauseB.讓人們注意到孫輩可能會(huì)帶來(lái)的麻煩和困難

C.helpraisefundstocoverthehighexpenseofeducationforgrandchildrenC.幫助籌集資金以支付孫輩的高額教育費(fèi)用

D.showthemthejoysoflifegrandparentsmayhaveinraisinggrandchildrenD.讓他們看看祖父母在撫養(yǎng)孫輩時(shí)可能會(huì)享受到的生活樂(lè)趣

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第二段第二句“工作人員中包括患有抑郁的祖父母，他們會(huì)解釋孫輩是如何打碎燈、咬人、尖叫和踢人的”，結(jié)合第一句“它的部分使命是宣傳與做祖父母有關(guān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和現(xiàn)實(shí)”理解可知，祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育將包括患有抑郁癥的祖父母，是為了讓想要孫子的祖父母認(rèn)識(shí)到孫輩可能會(huì)帶來(lái)的麻煩，B項(xiàng)“讓人們注意到孫輩可能會(huì)帶來(lái)的麻煩和困難”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“分享他們以更科學(xué)的方式撫養(yǎng)孫子孫女的經(jīng)驗(yàn)”和D項(xiàng)“讓他們看看祖父母在撫養(yǎng)孫輩時(shí)可能會(huì)享受到的生活樂(lè)趣”與祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育的目的相反，這兩項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“幫助籌集資金以支付孫輩的高額教育費(fèi)用”，這不是讓患有抑郁癥的祖父母加入祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育組織的目的，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位。

33.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

33.Accordingtothepassage,somecouplesmayeventuallychoosetohavechildrenbecause______.33.根據(jù)這篇文章，一些夫婦可能最終會(huì)選擇要孩子，因?yàn)開(kāi)_____。

A.theyhavelearnfromotherparentsaboutthejoysofhavingchildrenA.他們從其他父母那里學(xué)到了有孩子的快樂(lè)

B.theyfeelmoreandmorelonelyadtheygrowolderB.隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他們感到越來(lái)越孤獨(dú)

C.theyhavefounditirrationaltoremainchildlessC.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不生孩子是不理智的

D.theyfindithardtoresistthecarrot-and-stickapproachoftheirparentsD.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難抗拒父母軟硬兼施的方法

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第四段的內(nèi)容“與此同時(shí)，大多數(shù)孩子都容易受到?jīng)]有孫子的父母試圖說(shuō)服他們的孩子生孩子的巨大影響。他們會(huì)接到父母的電話，即使他們有很多工作要做。此外，一些父母會(huì)在孫子出生的時(shí)候給他一筆可觀的錢(qián)作為禮物。有時(shí)候，這些現(xiàn)金禮物不僅能支付與嬰兒出生有關(guān)的費(fèi)用，還能支付額外的費(fèi)用，比如度假。在任何情況下，即使是最高尚的人，現(xiàn)金禮物也會(huì)削弱他們的決心?！?，理解可知，一些沒(méi)有孩子的夫婦更容易受到父母的勸說(shuō)，他們會(huì)接到父母電話，甚至還有金錢(qián)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，可推斷，一些夫婦可能最終在父母的軟硬兼施下會(huì)選擇要孩子，該題選擇D項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)很難抗拒父母軟硬兼施的方法”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A項(xiàng)“他們從其他父母那里學(xué)到了有孩子的快樂(lè)”、B項(xiàng)“隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他們感到越來(lái)越孤獨(dú)”和C項(xiàng)“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)不生孩子是不理智的”文中沒(méi)有提到，都屬于無(wú)中生有。

34.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

34.Bysaying“…myparentswereputtingthegrandchildsqueezeonme”(Para.6),theauthormeansthat______.34.第6段說(shuō)“……我的父母把孫子塞在我身上”，作者的意思是______。

A.herparentsaskedhertosavefortheexpensesofraisingachildA.她的父母要她攢錢(qián)以支付撫養(yǎng)孩子的費(fèi)用

B.herparentskeptpressuringhertohaveachildB.她的父母一直催她要個(gè)孩子

C.herparentslikedtohaveagrandchildintheirarmsC.她的父母喜歡抱孫子

D.herparentskeptblamingherforherchild’sbadbehaviorD.她的父母一直因她孩子的不良行為而責(zé)備她

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第六段“……我真希望當(dāng)我的父母把孫子塞在我身上時(shí)，我能求助于祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育協(xié)會(huì)”，結(jié)合文章前面的內(nèi)容可知，祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育協(xié)會(huì)是打消父母輩想要孫子的念頭，而這里提到要求助于祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育協(xié)會(huì)，可以推斷“……我的父母把孫子塞在我身上”表明的意思是父母一直催她要個(gè)孩子，B項(xiàng)“她的父母一直催她要個(gè)孩子”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“她的父母要她攢錢(qián)以支付撫養(yǎng)孩子的費(fèi)用”和D項(xiàng)“她的父母一直因她孩子的不良行為而責(zé)備她”文中沒(méi)有提及，這兩項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C項(xiàng)“她的父母喜歡抱孫子”表述不夠準(zhǔn)確，根據(jù)解題思路可知，“我”想求助祖孫輩計(jì)劃生育協(xié)會(huì)，說(shuō)明父母輩是在催生，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

35.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

35.Whatdoestheauthorreallyoftheideaofhavingchildren?35.作者對(duì)于有孩子這個(gè)想法的真正想法是什么？

A.Itcontributestooverpopulation.A.它導(dǎo)致了人口過(guò)剩。

B.Itisapsychologicalcatastrophe.B.這是一場(chǎng)心理災(zāi)難。

C.Itistroublesomebutrewarding.C.這很麻煩，但很值得。

D.Itdoesmoreharmthangood.D.它弊大于利。

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)最后一段“如果可以的話，我也許就不會(huì)陷入為人父母的困境了。但最諷刺的是，我不想要回沒(méi)有孩子的生活?！笨梢钥闯觯髡邔?duì)于生孩子的看法是兩面性的，既不想陷入為人父母的困境，但是又享受有孩子的生活，所以推斷作者對(duì)于有孩子的想法是雖然很麻煩，但是值得，該題選擇C項(xiàng)“這很麻煩，但很值得”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“它導(dǎo)致了人口過(guò)剩”不是作者的真正想法，該項(xiàng)屬于出處錯(cuò)位；

B項(xiàng)“這是一場(chǎng)心理災(zāi)難”文中沒(méi)有提及，該項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“它弊大于利”，作者對(duì)于有孩子的看法是雙面性的，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

2.單選題

Whenitcomestothetruthofthecase,his（）answeris“nocomment”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.invariable

B.investigative

C.invalid

D.invasive

【答案】A

【解析】詞義辨析題。invariable不變的,

始終如一的；investigative調(diào)查研究的；invalid無(wú)效的；invasive侵略性的。句意：說(shuō)到案件的真相,

他始終如一的回答是“無(wú)可奉告”。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

3.單選題

Henoticedthehelicopterhoveringoverthefield.Thentohisastonishment,hesawaropeladder_________outandthreemenclimbingdownit.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.throwing

B.beingthrown

C.havingthrown

D.havingbeenthrown

【答案】B

【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他意識(shí)到直升機(jī)盤(pán)旋在上空。在他意料之外的是，他看到繩梯扔出來(lái)然后三個(gè)男人拾級(jí)而下。繩子是被扔出所以要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，A、C選項(xiàng)排除；and連接的是兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)，而and后面的男人用的現(xiàn)在分詞，沒(méi)有使用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式，所以and前面也應(yīng)該保持一致，所以答案選B。

4.單選題

Aftersuchaconfrontationbetweenthetwoparties,anyreconciliationwouldbe（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.outofthequestion

B.withinquestion

C.withoutquestion

D.outofquestion

【答案】A

【解析】介詞短語(yǔ)辨析題。A選項(xiàng)outofthequestion“不可能的”B選項(xiàng);withinquestion“在….的問(wèn)題”；C選項(xiàng)withoutquestion“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，確鑿無(wú)疑”，用作副詞；D選項(xiàng)outofquestion“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”，用作副詞。根據(jù)句意‘在兩個(gè)黨派之間如此的對(duì)抗之后，任何和解都將是不可能的?！挥蠥選項(xiàng)可以用作形容詞作be的表語(yǔ)，正確。

5.翻譯題

TherisingpopularityoftextmessagingonmobilephonesposesathreattowritingstandardsamongIrishschoolchildren,anIrisheducationcommissionsays.

Thefrequencyoferrorsingrammarandpunctuationhasbecomeaseriousconcern,theStateExaminationCommissionsaidinareportafterreviewinglastyear’sexamperformanceby15-year-olds.

"Theemergenceofthemobilephoneandtheriseoftextmessagingasapopularmeansofcommunicationwouldappeartohaveimpactedonstandardsofwritingasevidencedintheresponsesofcandidates,"thereportsaid,accordingtoWednesday'sIrishTimes.

"Textmessaging,withitsuseofphoneticspellingandlittleornopunctuation,seemstoposeathreattotraditionalconventionsinwriting."

Thereportlamentsthat,inmanycases,candidatesseemed"undulyreliantonshortsentences,simpletenseandalimitedvocabulary."

In2003,Irish15-year-oldswereamongthetop10performersinaninternationalleaguetableofliteracystandardscompiledbytheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment.

【答案】愛(ài)爾蘭某教育委員會(huì)稱(chēng)，手機(jī)短信的日益普及對(duì)愛(ài)爾蘭學(xué)生的書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范造成了威脅。

愛(ài)爾蘭國(guó)家考試委員會(huì)在針對(duì)去年15歲學(xué)生考試成績(jī)的評(píng)論報(bào)告中稱(chēng)，語(yǔ)法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤頻頻出現(xiàn)，已成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題。

據(jù)周三的《愛(ài)爾蘭時(shí)報(bào)》消息，這份報(bào)告中稱(chēng)，“手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)和手機(jī)短信日益成為一種流行的交流方式，對(duì)書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范造成了不良影響，這在考生的答卷中得到了證明?！?/p>

“發(fā)手機(jī)短信常用語(yǔ)音輸入法，很少或根本不用標(biāo)點(diǎn)，這對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的書(shū)寫(xiě)規(guī)范造成了威脅?！?/p>

報(bào)告指出，在很多情況下，考生“過(guò)度使用短句和簡(jiǎn)單的時(shí)態(tài)，所用的詞匯也很有限?！?/p>

2003年，在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織編制的一份國(guó)際識(shí)字標(biāo)準(zhǔn)排行榜上，愛(ài)爾蘭15歲兒童的表現(xiàn)躋身前10名。

6.單選題

Allthingsintheuniverseareinterrelatedand（）witheachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intervene

B.interfere

C.interrupt

D.interact

【答案】D

【解析】intervene干涉，插入；interfere妨礙，打擾；interrupt闖入，打斷；interact相互影響，相互作用。根據(jù)句意可知，這里指世界上所有的事物都是相互聯(lián)系，相互影響的。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

7.單選題

Billisanexampleofaseverelydisabledpersonwhohasbecome（）atmanysurvivalskills.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.proficient

B.persistent

C.consistent

D.sufficient

【答案】A

【解析】proficient精通的,熟練的;persistent持續(xù)的;consistent連續(xù)的,一致的;sufficient足夠的。句意：嚴(yán)重殘疾的人也能夠掌握很多生存證明,比爾就是其中的例證。

8.單選題

Todaythepublicismuchconcernedabouttheway（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.natureisbeingruined

B.whichnatureisruined

C.onwhichtoruinnature

D.ofnaturetoberuined

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)先行詞為theway時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以是that/inwhich或者省略。

句意：如今，公眾非常關(guān)心自然受到破壞的方式。

9.單選題

Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings——forexample,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionarecompulsive;thatis,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfellthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothersisirrational——impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit,chargeaccountsareevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.

Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowpricesanddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon'tneedjustbecausetheyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.

Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusiness-people,Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreasebusiness.Theyconsiderpeople'sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,theirbasicvalues,theirbeliefsandopinionsandsoonintheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.

Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled‘behaviortherapy'tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.

Althoughbehaviorhasmanycauses,mostscientistsseektoisolatesinglecauses.Thismakesthescientificstudyofbehaviorhard.Manyresearchersinpsychologyusecontrolledexperimentsinwhichtheycanexaminetheeffectofonefactoratatimeinaparticularkindofbehavior.Someinvestigatorsdesignexperimentstotestthebehavioraleffectsofseveralfactorsinvariouscombinations.Stillotherresearchersstudybehaviorinthe‘real'worldbyobservingpeopleintheirdailyactivities.Observingbehavioroutsidecontrolledexperimentscannotprovethatonethingcausesanother.Butstudyingpeopleintherealworldoftenhelpsscientistsseethewaysinwhichcausesidentifiedinexperimentsactuallyoperateinpeople'sdailylives.

Specialistsinmanyfieldsstudybehavior.Psychologistsandsomebiologistsstudyanimalbehaviorincontrolledexperiments.Otherpsychologistsstudyindividualsorsmallgroupsofpeopleincontrolledgamesortaskstounderstandmanyaspectsofbehavior,includingthereasonsforpeople'sfeelings,thoughtsandmotives.Thesestudieshelpestablishprinciplesthatcanbeusedtoexplain,predict,andmodifybehavior.Educationalresearchersstudyhowpeoplebehaveintheclassroom.Insociology,behavioralresearchfocusesmainlyonthebehaviorofpeopleinlargegroupsandsocialinstitutions,suchasbusinesses,churches,governments,andhospitals.Ananthropologistmayliveinanisolatedcommunitytostudybehaviorpatternsofawholegroup.

1.Accordingtothepsychologists,acompulsivespenderisonewhospendsmoney（）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,compulsivebargainhuntersareinconstantsearchofthelowestpossibleprices（）.

3.Thearticleismainlyabout（）.

4.Fromthepassagewemaysafelyconcludethatcompulsivespenderorcompulsivebargainhunters（）.

5.Fromthepassage,weknowthatscientificstudyofbehavioris（）.

6.Acontrolledexperimentinthispassageisoneinwhich（）.

7.Wecaninferthat（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.andtakesgreatpleasurefromwhatheorshebuys

B.inordertosatisfyhisorherbasicneedsinlife

C.justtomeethisorherstrongpsychologicalneed

D.entirelywithanirrationalplanforhisincomes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.becausetheywanttosavemoneytohelptheirbudgets

B.becausetheywanttowinoverothersingettingthingsforlessmoney

C.andwillnothavemoneyproblemsiftheycankeeptotheirbudget

D.buttheyneverfeelsatisfiedaftertheycangetthingsforlessmoneythanothers

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thepsychologyofmoney-spendinghabits

B.thelivinghabitsofcompulsivespenders

C.aspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting

D.theuseofthepsychologyofspendinghabitsinbusiness

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.arereallyunreasonable

B.needspecialtreatment

C.arereallybeyondremedies

D.cannevergetanyhelptosolvetheirproblemswithmoney

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.difficult

B.easy

C.interesting

D.extremelyuseful

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.alltheconditionsarekeptthesamewhenstudyingabehavior

B.allthevariablesareconsciouslychangedwhenexaminingabehavior

C.theeffectsofseveralfactorsthataffectabehaviorarestudiedatatime

D.theeffectofonefactorisstudiedatatimeinaparticularbehavior

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.peoplebehavedifferentlyindifferentcountries

B.peoplebehavethesameinthesamesituation

C.studentsbehavedifferentlywhentheystayinaclassroomsettingandstayathome

D.thebehaviorofthepeopleinlargergroupsandsocialinstitutionsisthesameasthatofthestudentsintheclassroom.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

第6題:D

第7題:C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段“Thiscompulsion,likemostothersisirrational——impossibletoexplainreasonably.”這種強(qiáng)迫和其他大多數(shù)強(qiáng)迫一樣是非理性的——無(wú)法合理解釋。也就是說(shuō),他們只是為了滿足自己強(qiáng)烈的心理需求,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.根據(jù)第二段四五句“Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.”他們寧愿相信自己是在節(jié)省預(yù)算,但其實(shí)他們?cè)谕嬉粋€(gè)令人興奮的游戲。當(dāng)他們能買(mǎi)到比別人便宜的東西時(shí),他們就會(huì)覺(jué)得自己贏了。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知,本文主要是對(duì)具有強(qiáng)迫性消費(fèi)人群的花錢(qián)習(xí)慣進(jìn)行心理學(xué)層面的分析,選項(xiàng)A最能概括全文,其他選項(xiàng)太片面。

4.根據(jù)原文第一段可知,選項(xiàng)A符合原文；選項(xiàng)B中的特殊治療法表述不正確；選項(xiàng)C和D表述有誤,所以本題選A。

5.根據(jù)第五段一二句“Althoughbehaviorhasmanycauses,mostscientistsseektoisolatesinglecauses.Thismakesthescientificstudyofbehaviorhard.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確。

6.根據(jù)第五段第三句“Manyresearchersinpsychologyusecontrolledexperimentsinwhichtheycanexaminetheeffectofonefactoratatimeinaparticularkindofbehavior.”許多心理學(xué)研究人員使用對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn),他們可以一次檢查一個(gè)因素對(duì)特定行為的影響。選項(xiàng)D與原文描述一致。

7.根據(jù)原文可知,選項(xiàng)A和B在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D表述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,不同領(lǐng)域的研究專(zhuān)家研究不同的群體,這說(shuō)明人們?cè)诓煌膱?chǎng)合中行為習(xí)慣也是不同的,所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

10.單選題

Heeyedmesilentlyforalongpause,asthoughweighingwhetherIcouldbetrustedtohisconfidence;thenspokeman-to-manthatworkingfortheCurtisCompanyplaced（）responsibilityonayoungman.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.enormous

B.erroneous

C.eloquent

D.exterior

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)enormous“龐大的；巨大的”；B選項(xiàng)erroneous“錯(cuò)誤的；不正確的”；C選項(xiàng)eloquent“雄辯的；有說(shuō)服力的”；D選項(xiàng)exterior“外部的；外面的”。句意：他默默地看了我許久，似乎在權(quán)衡我是否值得他信任，然后坦率地說(shuō)，在柯蒂斯公司工作給了年輕人……責(zé)任。根據(jù)后面的名詞responsibility“責(zé)任”一般與表示大或者重的形容詞搭配使用，故A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

Thebillwaspassedunanimouslyasaresultoftheintensivelobbyingofsomesenators.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.withoutanyobjections

B.intheultimate

C.inthebackgroundt

D.againstheavyodds

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。unanimously表示“全體一致地”；A項(xiàng)withoutanyobjections“沒(méi)有任何異議”，B項(xiàng)intheultimate“終于”，C項(xiàng)inthebackground“在后面，在幕后”，D項(xiàng)againstheavyodds“敵眾我寡”。句意：由于一些參議員的大力游說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)法案獲得一致通過(guò)。根據(jù)句意可知，“一致”相當(dāng)于“沒(méi)有任何異議”，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.問(wèn)答題

Wearewillingto(A)sharewhatever(B)weknow,nomatterhowitmightbelittle(C),withanyonewhoisinneedofthat(D)knowledgeorskill.

【答案】試題答案：C;howlittleitmightbe

【解析】考查詞序。nomatterhow表示“無(wú)論如何”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，nomatterhow后面接形容詞或副詞+句子。

13.單選題

Thespeakerwasverygoodat（）hisideasduringthediscussion.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.puttingaside

B.puttingacross

C.puttingback

D.puttingoff

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)putaside“撇開(kāi)，把……放在一邊”，例句：Theydecidedtoputasidetheirdifferences.（他們決定擱置雙方的分歧。）；B選項(xiàng)putacross“解釋清楚，說(shuō)明”，例句：Doyougivehimafairopportunitytoputacrosshisviews?（你會(huì)給他們平等的機(jī)會(huì)去表達(dá)自己的看法嗎？）；C選項(xiàng)putback“推遲，妨礙”，例句：Themeetinghasbeenputbacktonextweek.（這次會(huì)議已延期到下周了。）；D選項(xiàng)putoff“推遲”，例句：We’vehadtoputoffourweddinguntilSeptember.（我們只得把婚期推遲到九月。）。句意：演講者很善于在討論中表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

14.單選題

Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.Studiesdirectedatdescribingaggressivebehaviorandthesituationsthatelicitit,aswellasthesocialmechanismsthatcontrolit,werethereforeamongthefirstinvestigationsofmonkeys’socialbehavior.

Investigatorsinitiallybelievedthatmonkeyswouldcompeteforanyresourceintheenvironment:hungrymonkeyswouldfightoverfood,thirstymonkeyswouldfightoverwater,andingeneral,anytimemorethanonemonkeyinagroupsoughtthesameincentivesimultaneously,adisputewouldresultandwouldberesolvedthroughsomeformofaggression.However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.Indeed,fooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression.

Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.

Furthermore,accumulatingevidencefromlaterstudiesofavarietyofprimategroups,forexample,thestudyconductedbyBernstein,indicatesthatoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionistheintroductionofanintruderintoanorganizedgroup.Suchintroductionsresultinfarmoreseriousaggressionthanthatproducedinanyothertypesofexperimentscontrivedtoproducecompetition.

Thesestudiesofintruderssuggestthatadultmembersofthesamespeciesintroducedtooneanotherforthefirsttimeshowconsiderablehostilitybecause,intheabsenceofasocialorder,onemustbeestablishedtocontrolinter-animalrelationships.Whenasinglenewanimalisintroducedintoanexistingsocialorganization,thenewcomermeetsevenmoreseriousaggression,whereasinthefirstcaseaggressionestablishesasocialorderinthesecondcaseresidentanimalsmobtheintruder,therebyinitiallyexcludingthenewanimalfromtheexistingsocialunit.Thesimultaneousintroductionofseveralanimalslessenstheeffect,ifonlybecausethegroupdividesitsattentionamongthemultipletargets.If,however,theseveralanimalsintroducedtoagroupconstitutetheirownsocialunit,eachgroupmayfighttheopposinggroupasaunit;but,again,noindividualissubjectedtomassattack,andtheverycohesionofthegroupsprecludesprolongedindividualcombat.Thesubmissionofthedefeatedgroup,ratherthanunleashinguncheckedaggressiononthepartofthevictoriousgroup,reducesboththeintensityandfrequencyoffurtherattack.Monkeygroupsthereforeseemtobeorganizedprimarilytomaintaintheirestablishedsocialorderratherthantoengageinhostilitiesperse.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthefindingsreportedinthepassageabouttheeffectsoffooddeprivationonmonkeys’behavior?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,studiessuchasSouthwick’shadwhichofthefollowingeffectsoninvestigatorstheoriesaboutmonkeys'socialbehavior?

4.Thepassagesuggeststhatinvestigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavebeenespeciallyinterestedinaggressivebehavioramongmonkeysbecause（

）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheestablishmentandpreservationofsocialorderamongagroupofmonkeysisessentialinorderto（

）.

6.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.advancinganewmethodologyforchangingamonkey’ssocialbehavior

B.comparingthemethodsofseveralresearchstudiesonaggressionamongmonkeys

C.explainingthereasonsforresearchers'interestinmonkeys'socialbehavior

D.discussingthedevelopmentofinvestigators’theoriesaboutaggressionamongmonkeys

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Fooddeprivationhasnoeffectonaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Fooddeprivationincreasesaggressionamongmonkeysbecauseoneofthemostpotentstimuliforelicitingaggressionisthecompetitionforincentives.

C.Fooddeprivationmayincreaselong-timeaggressionamongmonkeysinalaboratorysetting,butitproducesonlytemporaryincreasesamongmonkeysinthewild.

D.Fooddeprivationmaytemporarilyincreaseaggressionamongmonkeys,butitalsoleadstoadecreaseinconflict.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theycastdoubtoninvestigators'theoriesthatcouldaccountforobservedpatternsofaggressionamongmonkeys.

B.Theysuggestedthatexistingtheoriesabouttheroleofaggressionamongmonkeysdidnotfullyaccountforthemonkeys'abilitytomaintainanestablishedsocialorder.

C.Theyconfirmedinvestigators*theoriesaboutmonkeys’aggressiveresponsetocompetitionforfoodandwater

D.Theyconfirmedinvestigators’beliefsaboutthemotivationforcontinuedaggressionamongmonkeysinthesamesocialgroup

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.aggressionisthemostcommonsocialbehavioramongmonkeys

B.successfulcompetitionforincentivesdeterminesthesocialorderinamonkeygroup

C.mostmonkeysaresocial,yettheyfrequentlyrespondtonewcomersenteringexistingsocialunitsbyattackingthem

D.situationsthatelicitaggressivebehaviorcanbestudiedinalaboratory

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.keepthemonkeysfromstrayingandjoiningothergroups

B.controlaggressivebehavioramonggroupmembers

C.preventthedominationofthatgroupbyanther

D.protectindividualsseekingtobecomemembersofthatgroupfrommassattack

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.Howdoesthereductionofspaceaffectintra-groupaggressionamongmonkeysinanexperimentalsetting?

B.Dofamilyunitswithinamonkeysocialgroupcompetewithotherfamilyunitsforfood?

C.Whatarethemechanismsbywhichthesocialorderofanestablishedgroupofmonkeyscontrolsaggressionwithinthatgroup?

D.Howdomonkeysengagedinaggressionwithothermonkeyssignalsubmission?

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

第6題:A

【解析】1.文章主要介紹了猴群侵略和敵對(duì)行為的研究理論。根據(jù)文章第一句，即本文的中心和主旨句：Investigatorsofmonkeys'socialbehaviorhavealwaysbeenstruckbymonkeys'aggressivepotentialandtheconsequentneedforsocialcontroloftheiraggressivebehavior.研究猴子的社會(huì)行為的人總是被猴子的攻擊潛力和因此而產(chǎn)生的對(duì)其攻擊行為的社會(huì)控制的需要所震驚。確定D選項(xiàng)‘探討研究人員關(guān)于猴子攻擊性理論的發(fā)展‘正確。

2.根據(jù)文章第三段：Studiesofanimalsinthewildunderconditionsofextremefooddeprivationlikewiserevealedthatstarvingmonkeysdevotedalmostallavailableenergytoforaging,withlittleenergyremainingforaggressiveinteraction.在極端缺乏食物的情況下，對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的研究同樣顯示，饑餓的猴子幾乎把所有可用的能量都用于覓食，幾乎沒(méi)有剩余的能量用于攻擊性的互動(dòng)?！甪ooddeprivationnotonlyfailedtoincreaseaggressionbutinsomecasesactuallyresultedindecreasedfrequenciesofaggression可知答案為D選項(xiàng)‘食物匱乏可能會(huì)暫時(shí)增加猴子的攻擊性，但也會(huì)導(dǎo)致沖突減少?！_。

3.根據(jù)文中第三段However,themotivatingforceofcompetitionforincentivesbegantobedoubtedwhenexperimentslikeSouthwick’sonthereductionofspaceorthewithholdingoffoodfailedtoproducemorethantemporaryincreasesinintra-groupaggression.然而，當(dāng)像Southwick關(guān)于減少空間或食物儲(chǔ)備的實(shí)驗(yàn)沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生比群體內(nèi)攻擊性暫時(shí)增加更多的結(jié)果時(shí)，激勵(lì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的動(dòng)機(jī)開(kāi)始受到質(zhì)疑。確