考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京語(yǔ)言大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Themachinelookedlikealarge,（

）,old-fashionedtypewriter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.forceful

B.clumsy

C.intense

D.tricky

【答案】B

【解析】句意:這臺(tái)機(jī)器看上去像一臺(tái)又大又笨的老式打字機(jī)。

形容詞辨析。Forceful強(qiáng)有力的，有說(shuō)服力的;clumsy笨拙的(貶義);intense強(qiáng)列的，緊張的;tricky狡猾的，機(jī)警的。因此B符合句意。

2.單選題

Dellquitdealinginsouped-upversionsofothercompanies’products,andstarteddesigning,___andmarketinghisown.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fashioning

B.assembling

C.pruning

D.slashing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)fashioning“使用；改變；做成……的形狀”；B選項(xiàng)assembling“集合，聚集；裝配；收集”；C選項(xiàng)pruning“修剪”；D選項(xiàng)slashing“砍；鞭打”。句意：戴爾不再經(jīng)營(yíng)其他公司產(chǎn)品的升級(jí)版，而是開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)、___和營(yíng)銷自己的產(chǎn)品。本句表達(dá)“戴爾公司開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)，裝配和營(yíng)銷自己的產(chǎn)品”。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.單選題

The_______featureinTed’scharacterwaspride;hecouldn’teverthinkofdependingonanyonebuthimself.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.controlling

B.prevailing

C.predominant

D.primary

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)controlling“控制欲強(qiáng)的（含貶義）”；B選項(xiàng)prevailing“普遍的，盛行的”；C選項(xiàng)predominant“明顯的；占優(yōu)勢(shì)的”；D選項(xiàng)primary“主要的，基本的”。句意：驕傲是泰德的性格中_______的特點(diǎn)；除了他自己，他從不指望別人。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里是指泰德非常驕傲，很容易看出來(lái)，所以predominant“明顯的”符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

I.(LegalHistory)

Thepoliticalinstitutionsthatwerefirst,establishedintheQinDynastyhadseveralimportantfeaturesthatlastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.Thefirstisstrongemphasisontherulebylaw(byalargeandrelativelyefficientbureaucracy)butwithlittleconstraintontheemperor.Second,politicaldictatorshipbasedonideologicalmonopoly.Third,localgovernmentsareorganizedinasystemcalledprefecturesandcounties.Thefourthfeatureisthepersonnelsystemforpublicofficesthatreliedfirstonrecommendationandthenonstandardexams.

“AUthingsaredeterminedbytheemperornomattertheyaresmallorbig”,soconcludedanancientscholaronQin’spoliticalinstitutions.Legalismschool,whichisveryattractivetodictators,wasemployedbytheQinStateintheirquesttounifythecountry.ThecrueltyofQin’srulewasrevealedbynotonlythedetailedclassificationofitslawsbutalsohowitcollapsedinlessthan20yearsafterconqueringtheotherstates.Althoughthefollowingdynastiesmoreorlesssoftenedtheirrule,Qin’sinfluenceremaineddominant.ItisaconsensusthatChina’spoliticalinstitutionsweresorepressivethatpeoplehadnowaytoparticipateinpublicdecisionmaking.Intellectualshadbecomesimplyreservesforabureaucraticgovernment.

Thepoliticaldictatorshipwasbuiltonideologicalmonopoly.TheFirstEmperorwasnotoriousforordering“burningbooksandburyingscholars”.ShortlyafterQinunifiedChina,WuEmperorinHanDynastystartedtopromotethemonopolyofConfucianismandbanotherschoolsofthinking.ThismovementhadsuccessfullyestablishedthemonolithicstatusofChineseintellectualsinthefollowingtwothousandyears.Thiskindofideologicalmonopolywasnotdesignedforanypublicparticipationindecisionmaking.Instead,itwasforeliteswhodevotedthemselvestotheroyalfamily.

Thelocalgovernmentsystemofcountiesandprefectures,thebasicpatternofwhichisstillvisibleinmodernChina,wasalsoestablishedintheQinDynasty.Thissystemdiffersfromthefeudalsysteminthesensethatalllocalofficialsweredirectlyresponsibletotheemperor.ForabigempirelikeChina,howtogovernthecountryefficientlyandeffectivelybecameabigproblem.Ontheonehand,localgovernancewascriticaltosustainingthecontroloverthecountry.Ontheotherhand,whosatinpublicofficesbecamecrucialtothesuccessorfailureofeachdynastyortohowpublicinterestsarerepresented.

FengDeng:“EndogenousEvolutionofPatriarchalClanSysteminAncientChina”

51.Thefirstsentenceoftheparagraphsmeansthat___lastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.

52.WhichstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothesecondparagraph?

53.Thereflectionofideologicalmonopolywas___.

54.Thegovernment,systemofQinDynastydiffersfromthefeudalsysteminthesensethat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thepoliticalinstitutions

B.theimportantfeaturesofthepoliticalinstitutions

C.theQinDynasty

D.thepoliticalinstitutionsestablishedintheQinDynasty

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.QinDynasty,althoughhavingashortlife,hadstronginfluencestolaterdynasties.

B.ThatpeopledidnotparticipateindecisionmakinginancientChinaisagenerallyacceptedopinion.

C.Thebureaucraticgovernmentselecteditsofficialsfromintellectuals.

D.TheEmperorwasnotthesolegovernoroftheQinDynasty.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.“burningbooksandburyingscholars”

B.themonopolyofConfucianismandbanotherschoolsofthinking

C.zeropublicparticipationindecisionmaking

D.intellectualsdevotingthemselvestotheroyalfamily

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.allChineselocalofficialsweredirectlyresponsibletotheemperor

B.countyandprefecturegovernmentsweresetup

C.alllocalofficialsofthefeudalsystemweredirectlyresponsibletotheemperor

D.localgovernancewascriticaltosustainingthecontroloverthecountry

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A、B

第4題:A

【解析】51.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段Thepoliticalinstitutionsthatwerefirst,establishedintheQinDynastyhadseveralimportantfeaturesthatlastedforalmosttwothousandyearsinChina.（最早建立于秦朝的政治制度有幾個(gè)重要的特點(diǎn)，在中國(guó)延續(xù)了近兩千年）可知選D選項(xiàng)“秦朝建立的政治制度”；A選項(xiàng)“政治機(jī)構(gòu)”，B選項(xiàng)“政治體制的重要特征”，以及C選項(xiàng)“秦朝”不符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

52.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段“AUthingsaredeterminedbytheemperornomattertheyaresmallorbig”,soconcludedanancientscholaronQin’spoliticalinstitutions.（“非盟之事，無(wú)論大小，都由皇帝決定”，古代學(xué)者對(duì)秦政治制度的總結(jié)是這樣的）可知D選項(xiàng)“皇帝不是秦朝唯一的統(tǒng)治者”和原文不符；第二段ThecrueltyofQin’srulewasrevealedbynotonlythedetailedclassificationofitslawsbutalsohowitcollapsedinlessthan20yearsafterconqueringtheotherstates.Althoughthefollowingdynastiesmoreorlesssoftenedtheirrule,Qin’sinfluenceremaineddominant（秦朝統(tǒng)治的殘酷不僅體現(xiàn)在其法律的詳細(xì)分類上，還體現(xiàn)在它征服其他國(guó)家后不到20年的時(shí)間里是如何崩潰的。盡管后來(lái)的朝代或多或少地軟化了他們的統(tǒng)治，但秦朝的影響仍然占主導(dǎo)地位）可知A選項(xiàng)“秦朝的歷史雖短，但對(duì)后世的影響卻很大”符合原文；結(jié)合第二段第一句以及第二段ItisaconsensusthatChina’spoliticalinstitutionsweresorepressivethatpeoplehadnowaytoparticipateinpublicdecisionmaking.（人們普遍認(rèn)為，中國(guó)的政治體制過(guò)于壓制，人們無(wú)法參與公共決策）可知B選項(xiàng)“在古代中國(guó)，人們不參與決策是一種普遍接受的觀點(diǎn)”符合原文；第二段Intellectualshadbecomesimplyreservesforabureaucraticgovernment.（知識(shí)分子已經(jīng)變成了官僚政府的儲(chǔ)備）可知C選項(xiàng)“官僚政府從知識(shí)分子中挑選官員”符合原文。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

53.【試題答案】A,B

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“ideologicalmonopoly”定位到第三段Thepoliticaldictatorshipwasbuiltonideologicalmonopoly.TheFirstEmperorwasnotoriousforordering“burningbooksandburyingscholars”.ShortlyafterQinunifiedChina,WuEmperorinHanDynastystartedtopromotethemonopolyofConfucianismandbanotherschoolsofthinking.（政治獨(dú)裁是建立在意識(shí)形態(tài)壟斷的基礎(chǔ)上的。秦始皇因下令“焚書(shū)坑儒”而臭名昭著。秦朝統(tǒng)一中國(guó)后不久，漢武帝就開(kāi)始提倡壟斷儒學(xué)，取締其他學(xué)派）可知選A選項(xiàng)“焚書(shū)坑儒”和B選項(xiàng)“儒家思想的壟斷和其他學(xué)派思想的禁止”；C選項(xiàng)“公眾參與決策為零”和D選項(xiàng)“知識(shí)分子獻(xiàn)身于王室”原文未提及。因此A，B選項(xiàng)正確。

54.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段Thelocalgovernmentsystemofcountiesandprefectures,thebasicpatternofwhichisstillvisibleinmodernChina,wasalsoestablishedintheQinDynasty.Thissystemdiffersfromthefeudalsysteminthesensethatalllocalofficialsweredirectlyresponsibletotheemperor.（縣府地方政府制度在秦朝也已確立，其基本格局在近代中國(guó)仍可見(jiàn)。這種制度不同于封建制度，所有地方官員都直接對(duì)皇帝負(fù)責(zé)）可知選A選項(xiàng)“所有中國(guó)地方官員都直接對(duì)皇帝負(fù)責(zé)”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“設(shè)立縣、州政府”錯(cuò)誤，未提及州政府；C選項(xiàng)“所有封建制度下的地方官員都直接對(duì)皇帝負(fù)責(zé)”和原文不符；文中未提及D選項(xiàng)“地方治理對(duì)維持對(duì)國(guó)家的控制至關(guān)重要”是否是秦朝的制度與封建制度的不同之處，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Iwasunawareofthecriticalpointsinvolved,somychoicewasquite（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.artistic

B.artificial

C.arbitrary

D.mechanical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。C選項(xiàng)arbitrary“任意的，武斷的，是由偶然、一時(shí)興致或沖動(dòng)而非由必然、推理決定的。A選項(xiàng)artistic“藝術(shù)的，風(fēng)雅的”。B選項(xiàng)artificial“人造的，仿造的”。D選項(xiàng)mechanical“機(jī)芯的，自動(dòng)的”。句意：我不知道所涉及的關(guān)鍵所在，所以我的選擇很隨意。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Writingisaslowprocess,requiring（

）thought,time,andeffort.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.significant

B.enormous

C.considerable

D.numerous

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。significant“有重大意義的，顯著的”;enormous“巨大的,龐大的”；considerable“相當(dāng)多（或大、重要等）的”；numerous“眾多的，許多的”一般用來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞。句意：寫(xiě)作是一個(gè)緩慢的過(guò)程，需要大量的思考、時(shí)間和努力。根據(jù)題干中的“thought,time,andeffort”可知C項(xiàng)符合題意。因此答案選C。

7.單選題

Starstwinkle（）theturbulentstateoftheairthroughwhichtheirlightpasses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inspiteof

B.asaresultof

C.inadditionto

D.withregardto

【答案】B

【解析】句意:星星的閃爍是由星光穿過(guò)湍流狀態(tài)的空氣而形成的。

考查短語(yǔ)辨析。inspiteof盡管，不管，不顧；asaresultof因此，由于；inadditionto除…之外；withregardto關(guān)于，至于。因此B符合句意。

8.單選題

Formostallergies,thebesttreatmentis（

）ofthebother—somesubstancesfromthesensitiveperson’senvironment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissipation

B.deviation

C.elimination

D.pacification

【答案】C

【解析】名詞辨析。句意:對(duì)于大多數(shù)過(guò)敏者，最好的治療就是消除過(guò)敏源一一些敏感人群環(huán)境的東西。

dissipation浪費(fèi)；消散；［物］損耗。deviation偏差；誤差；背離。elimination消除；淘汰。pacification和解;平定；講和。

9.單選題

Veryfewexpertshave（

）withcompletenewanswerstotheworld'seconomicproblems.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cometo

B.comearound

C.comeup

D.comeon

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。cometo想起；comearound蘇醒，恢復(fù)知覺(jué)；cameupwith提出，想出；comeon開(kāi)始，加油。句意：極少數(shù)的專家想出了對(duì)這個(gè)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題的新答案。只有C項(xiàng)能和with搭配，comeupwith提出，想出。答案C

10.單選題

TherearepeopleinItalywhocan’tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica,wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere’sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”.

Bycontrast,baseballseemsabstract,cool,silent,still.OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.

Take,forexample,thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart,kneesflexed.Hisarmsbangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill,sopassive.Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”

Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter,thespeedofthebat,thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic,aspaciousinterlockingofnotes,choresandresponses.

1.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith______.

2.Thosewhodon’tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat______.

3.Theauthoradmitsthat______.

4.Bystating“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans______.

5.Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports

B.thedifferentcharacteristicsofsports

C.theattractionoffootball

D.theattractionofbaseball

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itisonlytothetasteoftheold

B.itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball

C.itisnotexcitingenough

D.itispretentiousandlooksfunny

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung

B.baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV

C.footballismoreattractingthanbaseball

D.baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thethirdbasemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame

B.evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago,itcouldmakenodifferenttotheresult

C.thethirdbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkwell

D.theconsequentwastoobadhecouldnotbeartoseeit

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.likesfootball

B.hatesfootball

C.hatesbaseball

D.likesbaseball

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。文章第一段簡(jiǎn)述了人們對(duì)棒球所持的偏見(jiàn)——認(rèn)為它毫無(wú)活力、從容和緩；文章的第二、三、四、五段探討了棒球的根本特征及欣賞角度，文章的最后一句話用一個(gè)比喻概括了棒球的魅力“Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre,baseballischambermusic（如果橄欖球是一曲交響樂(lè)的話，那么，棒球中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)恰似一曲優(yōu)美的室內(nèi)樂(lè)。）”?？梢?jiàn)，本文主要探討的是棒球的特點(diǎn)及其欣賞，所以D選項(xiàng)“棒球的吸引力”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的不同品味”不對(duì)，雖然第一段也確實(shí)提到了不同觀眾對(duì)不同運(yùn)動(dòng)形式的偏好，但這只是用以引出對(duì)棒球的特征及欣賞的討論；B選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)動(dòng)的不同特點(diǎn)”和C選項(xiàng)“足球的吸引力”都不是文章主要表達(dá)的內(nèi)容，故不選。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第一段“...therearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury,slow,quiet,andgentlemanly.（……許多人不喜歡棒球，一提起棒球這些人就打哈欠甚至皺眉頭。對(duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，看棒球意味著眼巴巴地觀望著身著運(yùn)動(dòng)裝的人呆立在球場(chǎng)上，東瞧瞧西望望，很少有什么激動(dòng)人心的事發(fā)生——沒(méi)意思透了。他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)更適合上個(gè)世紀(jì)的人的口味，緩慢，安靜，具有紳士風(fēng)度。）”由此可知那些不喜歡棒球的人認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)不夠刺激，所以C選項(xiàng)“它不夠刺激”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“它只適合老年人的口味”說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，文章第一段只提到“Theytellyouit’sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury（他們認(rèn)為這樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)更適合上個(gè)世紀(jì)的人的口味）”，與老年人意味不一樣；B選項(xiàng)“它涉及的球員比足球少”文章沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“它矯揉造作、滑稽可笑”，這與文章說(shuō)它gentlemanly（具有紳士風(fēng)度，矜持，即：沒(méi)有沖撞或拼搶的意思）不一樣，故不選。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第二段“OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives,replays,andclose-ups.Thegeometryofthegame,however,isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay,ofcourse,projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon’tdoitforyou.（在電視上，棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)被切換成不同角度的畫(huà)面，而且不斷地使用重放、特寫(xiě)等電視制作技術(shù)，這破壞了該運(yùn)動(dòng)的整體運(yùn)動(dòng)感，使觀眾無(wú)法將自己投入到運(yùn)動(dòng)中去，以體會(huì)到這種寓動(dòng)于靜的運(yùn)動(dòng)之美。電視做不到這一點(diǎn)，因此，電視上的棒球比賽看上去沉沉靜靜、慢慢騰騰的。）”所以B選項(xiàng)“電視上的棒球比賽很無(wú)聊”符合題意。A選項(xiàng)“棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)年輕人來(lái)說(shuō)太平靜了”文章沒(méi)有提及，文章只提到了很多人認(rèn)為棒球不刺激，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)到棒球?qū)δ贻p人來(lái)說(shuō)太安靜了，故A選項(xiàng)不選；C選項(xiàng)“足球比棒球更吸引人”和D選項(xiàng)“棒球比足球更有趣”不對(duì)，作者僅指出了不同運(yùn)動(dòng)有不同運(yùn)動(dòng)的特征，并未說(shuō)哪種運(yùn)動(dòng)優(yōu)于哪種。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干可定位到文章第三段“Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes,flexeshisarmsorbringtheglovetoapointinfrontofhim,takesasteprightorleft,backwardorforward,perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman’sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened,”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”（但要注意投手每次投球時(shí)都會(huì)發(fā)生什么：三壘手踮起腳尖，彎曲手臂或?qū)⑹痔着e到他面前的某個(gè)點(diǎn)上，向右或向左、向后或向前跨一步，也許他會(huì)掃一眼全場(chǎng)來(lái)檢查一壘手的位置。假設(shè)球場(chǎng)是一個(gè)球。“什么都沒(méi)發(fā)生”，你說(shuō)?！拔冶緛?lái)可以閉上眼睛的”）該段整個(gè)都在描述棒球場(chǎng)上的一個(gè)場(chǎng)景：拿三壘的運(yùn)動(dòng)員假設(shè)對(duì)方全投出好球，做好了一切準(zhǔn)備，但是對(duì)方投出的并不是好球。所以在那時(shí)候他的準(zhǔn)備做不做都不會(huì)影響比賽結(jié)果。所以文章說(shuō)到“本來(lái)可以閉上眼睛”，所以B選項(xiàng)“即使三壘手剛才閉上眼睛，結(jié)果也不會(huì)有什么不同”意思與題干相符，A選項(xiàng)“三壘手寧愿睡覺(jué)也不愿比賽”；C選項(xiàng)“第三壘手擅長(zhǎng)棒球，他可以閉著眼睛完成比賽，并且做得很好”；D選項(xiàng)“結(jié)果太糟糕了，他無(wú)法忍受看到它”都不符合作者意圖，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.判斷推理題。在本文中，作者主要探討了棒球的特征及欣賞，作者著重指出只有根據(jù)棒球的特征來(lái)欣賞它，才能體會(huì)到它的魅力。在他看來(lái)，觀察到棒球比賽中運(yùn)動(dòng)員的各種動(dòng)作、棒球位之間的關(guān)系等是欣賞它的關(guān)鍵。只有從整體來(lái)把握它，才能看到每一個(gè)小的動(dòng)作、每一個(gè)眼神乃至于“靜止”的意義，也只有這樣，才能全身心地投入比賽中，欣賞到它的魅力。可見(jiàn)，作者對(duì)棒球有很深的理解而且非常喜愛(ài)棒球，所以D選項(xiàng)“喜歡棒球”說(shuō)法正確。A選項(xiàng)“喜歡足球”；B選項(xiàng)“討厭足球”；C選項(xiàng)“討厭棒球”都與文章意思不符，因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Systematiceffortsatnationalnutritionplanningindevelopingcountriesgobackbarelyadecade.Duringthatbrieftimetherehasbeenconsiderableprogressinestablishingtheextentandcausesofmalnutritionandwhatcanbedonetoreduceit.

Tenyearsago,malnutritionwasoftenthoughttoreflectprimarilyashortageofprotein(andinsomecases,vitaminsorminerals).Mostnutritionprogramsconcentratedonprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildren,usuallyinschools.Theemphasistodayisdifferent.Thereisnowawidemeasureofagreementonseveralbroadpropositions.

Seriousandextensivenutritionaldeficienciesoccurinvirtuallyalldevelopingcountries,thoughtheyareworstinlow-incomecountries.Theyareusuallycausedbyundernourishment—ashortageoffood—notbyanimbalancebetweencaloriesandprotein.Theremayoftenbeshortageofspecificmicronutrientsandofprotein,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Butgiventhetypicalcompositionofthedietsofthepoor,totheextentthatcalorierequirements(asestimatedbytheFAOandtheWHO)aremet,itislikelythatothernutritionalneedswillalsobesatisfied.

Malnutritionaffectsoldandyoung,maleandfemale,urbanandruraldwellers;particularlyprevalentamongchildrenunderfive,itreducestheirresistancetodiseasesandisamajorcauseoftheirdeath.Inmanysocieties,girlssuffermorethanboys.

Malnutritionislargelyareflectionofpoverty;peopledonothaveenoughincomeforfood.Giventheslowincomegrowththatislikelyforpoverty-strickenpeopleintheforeseeablefuture,largenumberswillremainmalnourishedfordecadestocome.

Poornutritionalpracticesandtheinequitabledistributionoffoodwithinfamiliesarealsocausesofmalnutrition.

Themosteffectivelongtermpoliciesarethosethatraisetheincomesofthepoor,andthosethatraisefoodproductionperperson.Otherrelevantpoliciesincludefoodsubsidies,nutritioneducation,addingmineralsorvitaminstosaltandotherprocessedfoods,andincreasingemphasisonproducingfoodstypicallyconsumedbythepoor.

Thesepointswillbeamplifiedinthefollowingdiscussion.

1.Duringthepast10yearsdevelopingcountries______.

2.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseofmalnutrition?

3.Withregardtothefuture,theauthortendstobelievethat______.

4.“Nutritioneducation”ismentionedinthepassageas______.

5.Itcanbepredictedfromthelastsentenceofthepassagethattheauthorisgoingtotalkindetailabout______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.havemadeconsiderableattemptstoplanaboutnutritiononanation-widescale

B.havestartednutritionprogramsthataimatprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildreninschool

C.havetakeneffectivemeasurestoreducemalnutritioneverywhere

D.havereachedanagreementtofightmalnutritionbycombiningefforts

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Poverty.

B.Poornutritionalpractice.

C.Inequitabledistributionoffood.

D.Inadequatenutritioneducation.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.malnutritionwillbelargelyeliminatedinsomedevelopingcountriesinthenextfewyears

B.thedevelopedcountriesareplanningtooffersomehelptoreducemalnutrition

C.manypeoplestillhavetosufferfrommalnutritioninthenearfuture

D.people’sincomeindevelopingcountrieswillgrowrapidlyintheforeseeablefuture9.“Nutritioneducation”ismentionedinthepassageas______.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.oneofthemosteffectivepoliciestoreducemalnutritioninthelongterm

B.oneofthesecondarymeasuresofreducingmalnutrition

C.oneofthewaystoimproveeducationindevelopingcountries

D.oneoftheeffortsthathasbeenmadeduringthepast10years10.Itcanbepredictedfromthelastsentenceofthepassagethattheauthorisgoingtotalkindetailabout______.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.policiesforreducingmalnutrition

B.thecausesformalnutrition

C.howtoraisetheincomesofthepoor

D.producingfoodstypicallyconsumedbythepoor

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在過(guò)去的10年里，發(fā)展中國(guó)家……”。文章第一段第一句指出Systematiceffortsatnationalnutritionplanningindevelopingcountriesgobackbarelyadecade.（發(fā)展中國(guó)家在國(guó)家營(yíng)養(yǎng)規(guī)劃方面的系統(tǒng)性努力僅僅可以追溯到過(guò)去十年里）可知，A項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)做了相當(dāng)多的嘗試來(lái)計(jì)劃全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)方面”符合原文；由第二段第二句Mostnutritionprogramsconcentratedonprovidinghigh-proteinfoodtochildren,usuallyinschools.（大多數(shù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)計(jì)劃集中在為兒童提供高蛋白食品，通常是在學(xué)校）可知，不是所有計(jì)劃是針對(duì)學(xué)校兒童的，B項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了旨在為學(xué)校里的孩子提供高蛋白食物的營(yíng)養(yǎng)計(jì)劃”表述不準(zhǔn)確；C項(xiàng)“采取了有效措施減少各地的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良情況”沒(méi)有提到；由第二段最后兩句Theemphasistodayisdifferent.Thereisnowawidemeasureofagreementonseveralbroadpropositions.（今天的重點(diǎn)有所不同。如今在幾個(gè)廣泛的主張上已經(jīng)達(dá)成了廣泛的共識(shí)。）可知，D項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)達(dá)成一致通過(guò)共同努力來(lái)對(duì)抗?fàn)I養(yǎng)不良的情況”并不是過(guò)去十年里發(fā)生的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“下列哪一個(gè)沒(méi)有被提到是營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因？”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段第一句Malnutritionislargelyareflectionofpoverty（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良在很大程度上是貧困的反映）可知，A項(xiàng)“貧困”正確；由倒數(shù)第三段Poornutritionalpracticesandtheinequitabledistributionoffoodwithinfamiliesarealsocausesofmalnutrition.（貧乏的營(yíng)養(yǎng)實(shí)踐和家庭內(nèi)食物分配不公平也是營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因）可知，B項(xiàng)“貧乏的營(yíng)養(yǎng)實(shí)踐”和C項(xiàng)“食物分配不均”也是造成營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因，只有D項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)教育缺乏”沒(méi)有被提及是營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“對(duì)于未來(lái)，作者傾向于認(rèn)為……”。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段最后一句Giventheslowincomegrowththatislikelyforpoverty-strickenpeopleintheforeseeablefuture,largenumberswillremainmalnourishedfordecadestocome.（鑒于在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái)，貧困人口的收入可能增長(zhǎng)緩慢，未來(lái)幾十年仍將有大量人口營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良）可知，C項(xiàng)“在不久的將來(lái)，許多人仍然要忍受營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的痛苦”符合題意；A項(xiàng)“在今后幾年內(nèi)，一些發(fā)展中國(guó)家的營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良問(wèn)題將基本消除”和B項(xiàng)“發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家正計(jì)劃提供一些幫助來(lái)減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良”沒(méi)有提及；D項(xiàng)“在可預(yù)見(jiàn)的未來(lái)，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的人民收入將迅速增長(zhǎng)”與文章不符。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“文章中提到了‘營(yíng)養(yǎng)教育’是……”。文中提到nutritioneducation是在文章的倒數(shù)第二段第二句Otherrelevantpoliciesincludefoodsubsidies,nutritioneducation…（其他相關(guān)政策包括糧食補(bǔ)貼、營(yíng)養(yǎng)教育……），而上一句是Themosteffectivelongtermpoliciesarethosethatraisetheincomesofthepoor,andthosethatraisefoodproductionperperson.（最有效的長(zhǎng)期政策是那些提高窮人收入和提高人均糧食產(chǎn)量的政策），綜合可知，“營(yíng)養(yǎng)教育”是減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的次要措施之一，B項(xiàng)“減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的次要措施之一”正確；由此也可知A項(xiàng)“長(zhǎng)期減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良最有效的政策之一”不正確；C項(xiàng)“改善發(fā)展中國(guó)家教育的方法之一”和D項(xiàng)“過(guò)去10年所做的努力之一”都沒(méi)提到。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章的最后一句話可以預(yù)測(cè)，作者將要詳細(xì)討論……”。文章的最后一句話是Thesepointswillbeamplifiedinthefollowingdiscussion.（這些觀點(diǎn)將在下面的討論中加以詳述），而thesepoints指的是上一段所提到的一些關(guān)于減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的政策和一些措施，因此可以推斷，作者將要詳細(xì)地討論這些政策和措施，故A項(xiàng)“減少營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的政策”符合題意；B項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因”在文中已經(jīng)闡述過(guò)了，所以不太可能出現(xiàn)在后文；C項(xiàng)“如何提高窮人的收入”和D項(xiàng)“生產(chǎn)窮人消費(fèi)的食物”都是包括在A項(xiàng)里面的。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

12.單選題

Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter______inthesameoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadnotworked

B.nottowork

C.doesnotwork

D.didnotwork

【答案】D

【解析】【試題解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句意：經(jīng)理寧愿他的女兒不和他在同一個(gè)辦公室工作。wouldrather后接句子時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)通常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去的愿望。在這里沒(méi)有明確表明和女兒在同一個(gè)辦公室工作的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生，而是表示將來(lái)，希望這樣的事情不會(huì)發(fā)生，所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，D選項(xiàng)didnotwork符合題意。A選項(xiàng)hadnotworked是過(guò)去完成時(shí)，用于已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情。B選項(xiàng)nottowork和C選項(xiàng)doesnotwork語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Whatismostimportanttothemonkeysinthesanctuaryisthattheyareagroup;thisissobecauseprimatesareinveterately（）andbuildtheirlivesaroundeachother.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.independent

B.proprietary

C.social

D.stable

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)independent“獨(dú)立的；單獨(dú)的；無(wú)黨派的；不受約束的”；B選項(xiàng)proprietary“專賣的，專營(yíng)的；所有的，所有權(quán)的”；C選項(xiàng)social“社會(huì)的，社交的；群居的”；D選項(xiàng)stable“穩(wěn)定的，牢固的；穩(wěn)重的，沉穩(wěn)的；持久的”。句意：對(duì)于禁獵區(qū)的猴子而言，最重要的一點(diǎn)是它們是一個(gè)群體；這之所以如此，是因?yàn)殪`長(zhǎng)目動(dòng)物具有一種根深蒂固的群居習(xí)性，均圍繞著對(duì)方而營(yíng)造其生活。

14.翻譯題

當(dāng)你站在一件藝術(shù)品面前時(shí)，技術(shù)便會(huì)幫你找到有關(guān)這一藝術(shù)品某一方面的更多信息。比如在鑒定藝術(shù)品的年代和出處方面，技術(shù)將具有極大價(jià)值。我們可以運(yùn)用越來(lái)越客觀的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)鑒定紙張、顏料、化學(xué)品等的年代，這樣將會(huì)有令人震驚的事情發(fā)生，例如突然發(fā)現(xiàn)一件偉大作品竟然是贗品。當(dāng)然，藝術(shù)品市場(chǎng)自身將繼續(xù)隨著供求關(guān)系而浮動(dòng)，但是在英國(guó)，我希望博物館和美術(shù)館有朝一日能得到政府政策上的幫助，政府放松納稅規(guī)定，更多地鼓勵(lì)私人收藏家把藏品捐獻(xiàn)給公共機(jī)構(gòu)。

【答案】Whenyouareappreciatingaworkofart,technologywillprovideyouwithmoredetailedinformationaboutthiswork.Technologywillbeofgreatvalueinsomefieldssuchasdeterminingthedateandoriginoftheartwork.Inappraisingtheageofthepaper,pigmentandchemicaloftheartwork,moreandmoreobjectivestandardsareavailable.Inthisprocess,somesurprisingthingswilloccur.Forinstance,amasterpieceissuddenlyfoundtobeafake.Ofcourse,themarketofartworkwillchangewiththelawofsupplyanddemand.However,inBritain,Ihopethatmuseumsandgallerieswillonedaybehelpedbygovernmentpoliciesthatrelaxtaxrulesandencourageprivatecollectorstodonatemoretopublicinstitutions.

15.單選題

Agoodteachermustknowhowto（）hisideastothestudents,asgenerallyagreedbyeducationalexperts.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.display

B.transmit

C.convey

D.illuminate

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞性及搭配。句意：一個(gè)好老師必須知道如何把他的想法傳達(dá)給學(xué)生。傳達(dá)思想，想法等用convey，選項(xiàng)C正確。

16.單選題

Luckily,therewerenosecondaryinfectionsandbothofthepatients（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.lived

B.revived

C.survived

D.existed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:幸運(yùn)的是沒(méi)有繼發(fā)感染且這兩位病人活下來(lái)了。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。Live住,居住,生存;revive(使)蘇醒,復(fù)活,重新使用;survive生存,存活,繼續(xù)存在,幸存;exist存在,實(shí)際上有,生活。故C符合句意。

17.單選題

Although______happenedinthatdevelopedcountrysoundslikesciencefiction,itcouldoccurelsewhereintheworld.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.which

C.how

D.it

【答案】A

【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意：盡管發(fā)生在那個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的事情聽(tīng)起來(lái)像科幻小說(shuō)，但它也可能發(fā)生在世界其他地方。橫線加happenedinthatdevelopedcountry部分為主語(yǔ)從句，發(fā)生的事件用what作先行詞，所以A選項(xiàng)what符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.填空題

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Ftofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Thereisoneextrachoice,whichdoesnotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

IfyoushopatWestfield,you’veprobablybeenscannedandrecordedbydozensofhiddencamerasbuiltintothecenters’digitaladvertisingbillboards.Thesemi-camouflagedcamerascandeterminenotonlyyourageandgenderbutyourmood,cueinguptailoredadvertisementswithinseconds,thankstofacialdetectiontechnology.

Westfield’sSmartscreennetworkwasdevelopedbytheFrenchsoftwarefirmQuividibackin2015.(41)Andoncethebillboardshaveyourattentiontheyhitrecord,sharingyourreactionwithadvertisers.Quividisaystheirbillboardscandistinguishshoppers’genderwith90%precision,fivecategoriesofmoodfrom“veryhappytoveryunhappy”andcustomers’agewithinafive-yearbracket.

Moodisaparticularlyvaluableinsightforadvertisers,revealingshoppers’generalsentimenttowardsabrandandhowtheyfeelinparticularstoresatcertaintimesoftheday.(42)

(43)ScentreGroup,WestfieldAustralia’sparentcompany,emphasisesthatalldatacollectedisanonymousandthattheyareusingfacialdetection,notfacialrecognitiontechnology(FRT).Thismeansgenericinformationsuchasashopper’sageandgenderiscollectedratherthanthetechnologyusingphoto-matchingdatabasestoidentifywhocustomersare.AspokespersonwouldnotconfirmwhetherornotWestfieldwouldconsiderusingFRTinthefuture.

(44)Quividi’shostofinternationalclientsincludeTelstra,7-Eleven,Coca-Cola,oOHMediaandHSBCbank.

TerryHartmann,vicepresidentofCognitecAsiaPacific,thecompanythatdevelops“market-leadingfacerecognitiontechnologiesforcustomersandgovernmentagenciesaroundtheworld”,saysusingfacialdetectioncommerciallyisnodifferenttoFacebook’smanipulationofusers’onlinesearchhistoryfortargetedadvertising—“You’renotidentifyingwhothatpersonis,you’rejustidentifyingthecharacteristicsofthatperson.(45)”

A.Therearenowmorethan1,600billboardsinstalledinto41WestfieldcentersacrossAustraliaandNewZealand.

B.ButMicrosofthasacknowledgedtheconcernsaboutFRTandcalledforgreatergovernmentregulationoftheuseofthistechnology.

C.Theirdiscreetcamerascaptureblurryimagesofshoppersandapplystatisticalanalysistoidentifyaudiencedemographics.

D.That’snodifferenttoFacebookpoppingupadsyoumightbeinterestedinandsocialmediapickinguppeoplebasedontheirclickinghabitsortheshoppingthatthey’vedone.

E.Retailcompaniesareincreasinglyturningtofacialdetectionandfacialrecognitionsoftwaretoattractandengageadistractedaudience.

F.Unlikegenderandage,moodishardertod