考研考博-英語-南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)紅山學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南京財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)紅山學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto（

）thathabitofsmoking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnup

B.pickup

C.makeup

D.ringup

【答案】B

【解析】詞組辨析題。turnup“調(diào)大，出現(xiàn)”；pickup“拿起，拾起，撿起，學(xué)會(huì)”；makeup“組成，補(bǔ)足，化妝，編造”；ringup“打電話”；根據(jù)句意‘研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，住在無煙宿舍的學(xué)生不大可能（

）抽煙的習(xí)慣?！_定B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Shewassofatthatshecouldonlyjust（）throughthedoor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assemble

B.appear

C.squeeze

D.gather

【答案】C

【解析】句意:她如此胖，以至于只能擠過這扇門。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。assemble聚集，集合，收集;appear出現(xiàn)，顯得，似乎，看來；squeeze擠，緊握，勒索；squeezethrough擠過，勉強(qiáng)通過;gather收集，收割，使……聚集。故C符合句意。

3.單選題

Ifsustainablecompetitiveadvantagedependsonwork-forceskills.Americanfirmshaveaproblem.Humanresourcemanagement(HRM)isnottraditionallyseenascentraltothecompetitivesurvivalofthefirmintheUnitedStates.Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.Laborissimplyanotherfactorofproductiontobehiredorrentedatthelowestpossiblecost,whichisamuchasonebuysrawmaterialsorequipment.

Thelackofimportanceattachedtohumanresourcemanagementcanbeseeninthecorporatehierarchy.InanAmericanfirmthechieffinancialofficerisalmostalwayssecondincommand.Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.TheexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).Bywayofcontrast,inJapantheheadofhumanresourcemanagementiscentral-usuallythesecondmostimportantexecutive,aftertheCEO,inthefirm'shierarchy.

WhileAmericanfirmsoftentalkaboutthevastamountsspentontrainingtheirworkforces,infacttheyinvestlessintheskillsoftheiremployeesthandoeitherJapaneseorGermanfirms.Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.Andthelimitedinvestmentsthataremadeintrainingworkersarealsomuchmorenarrowlyfocusedonthespecificskillsnecessarytodothenextjobratherthanonthebasicbackgroundskillsthatmakeitpossibletoabsorbnewtechnologies.

Asaresult,problemsemergewhennewbreakthroughtechnologiesarrive.IfAmericanworkers,forexample,takemuchlongertolearnhowtooperatenewflexiblemanufacturingstationsthanworkersinGermany(astheydo),theeffectivecostofthosestationsislowerinGermanythanitisintheUnitedStates.Moretimeisrequiredbeforeequipmentisupandrunningatcapacity,andtheneedforextensiveretraininggeneratescostsandcreatesbottlenecksthatlimitthespeedwithwhichnewequipmentcanbeemployed.Theresultisaslowerpaceoftechnologicalchange.Andintheendtheskillsofthebottomhalfofthepopulationaffectthewagesofthetophalf.Ifthebottomhalfcan'teffectivelystafftheprocessesthathavetobeoperated,themanagementandprofessionaljobsthatgowiththeseprocesseswilldisappear.

1.WhichofthefollowingappliestotheHRMofAmericancompanies?

2.What'sthepositionoftheexecutiveofHRMinanAmericanfirm?

3.ThemoneymostAmericanfirmsputinworkforcetrainingmainlygoeson（

）.

4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyhirepeoplewiththeleastpossiblemoneyregardlessoftheirskills.

B.Theyseeskillsgainastheiremployees’ownbusiness.

C.Theyprefertohireself-trainedworkers.

D.Theyonlyhireskilledworkersbecauseofkeenemploymentcompetition.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Heisoneofthemostimportantexecutivesinthefirm.

B.Hispositionislikelytodisappearwhennewtechnologieshavebeenintroduced.

C.Hehasnosayinginmakingimportantdecisionsinthefirm.

D.Heisdirectlyunderthechieffinancialexecutive.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.technologicalandmanagerialstaff.

B.workerswhowillrunnewequipment.

C.workerswholackbasicbackgroundskills.

D.topexecutives.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Americanfirm'sHRMstrategiesaffecttheircompetitivecapacity.

B.HRMisakeyfactorinafirm’ssurvival.

C.ThecostofworkingtraininginAmericaishigherthanthatinJapanandGermany.

D.AmericanfirmsaredifferentfromJapaneseandGermanfirmsinHRM.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘下面哪個(gè)適用于美國公司中人力資源的管理？’根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Skillacquisitionisconsideredanindividualresponsibility.技能的獲得被認(rèn)為是個(gè)人的責(zé)任。”確定B選項(xiàng)“公司認(rèn)為雇員掌握技術(shù)問題是他們自己的事”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘在美國公司中人力資源部門的主管的地位怎樣？’根據(jù)文章第二段中第三句“Thepostofheadofhumanresourcemanagementisusuallyaspecializedjob,offattheedgeofcorporatehierarchy.人力資源管理主管這一職位通常是一項(xiàng)專門的工作，位于公司等級(jí)制度的邊緣?！焙偷谒木洹癟heexecutivewhoholdsitisneverconsultedonmajorstrategicdecisionsandhasnochancetomoveuptoChiefExecutiveOfficer(CEO).持有該職位的行政人員從未就重大戰(zhàn)略決策征求過意見，也沒有機(jī)會(huì)晉升為首席執(zhí)行官?！笨梢源_定美國公司里的人力資源部門的主管在管理層中是非常沒有地位的，在重大決策中是沒有發(fā)言權(quán)的，所以C選項(xiàng)“他在公司里做重要決定時(shí)沒有發(fā)言權(quán)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問‘大多數(shù)美國公司投入勞動(dòng)力培訓(xùn)的資金主要用于什么？根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘Themoneytheydoinvestisalsomorehighlyconcentratedonprofessionalandmanagerialemployees.’可知，他們?cè)谂嘤?xùn)方面的投資也主要用在了技術(shù)和管理人員的身上。所以A選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)和管理人員”正確。

4.主旨大意題。題目提問‘這篇文章主題是什么？’文章主要談?wù)撊绻?jìng)爭(zhēng)的優(yōu)勢(shì)取決于工人的技術(shù)，那么美國的公司就遇到麻煩了。美國公司不正確的人才管理戰(zhàn)略，使它們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)能力受到了挑戰(zhàn)。所以A選項(xiàng)“美國公司的人力資源管理策略影響了它的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力”正確。

4.單選題

Sheactuallypreferredamoregregariousurbanlifestyleandtheculturalattractionsinawarmerclime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tranquil

B.sociable

C.inactive

D.undisturbed

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析。句意:實(shí)際上她很喜歡交際較多的城市生活和氣候宜人的文化勝地。

tranquil:安靜的。sociable:好交際的。inactive:不活動(dòng)的。undisturbed:安寧的，未受干擾的。gregarious:社交的，群居的。故B項(xiàng)與題意一致。

5.單選題

Nowomancanbetoorichortoothin.ThissayingoftenattributedtothelateDuchessofWindsorembodiesmuchoftheoddspiritofourtimes.Beingthinisdeemedassuchvirtue.

Theproblemwithsuchaviewisthatsomepeopleactuallyattempttolivebyit.Imyselfhavefantasiesofslippingintonarrowdesignerclothes.Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter一orworse—partofmylife.Beingrichwouldn’tbebadeither,butthatwon’thappenunlessanunknownrelativediessuddenlyinsomedistantlandleavingmemillionsofdollars.

Wheredidwegooffthetrack?Whendideatingbutterbecomeasin,andalittlebitofextrafleshunappealing,ifnotrepellent?AllreligionshavecertaindayswhenPeoplerefrainfromeating,andexcessiveeatingisoneofChristianity’ssevendeadlysins.Howeveruntilquiterecently,mostPeoplehadaproblemgettingenoughtoeat.Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.

Todaytheoppositeistrue.Wehaveshiftedtothinnessasournewmarkofvirtue.Theresultisthatbeingfat—orevenonlysomewhatoverweight—isbadbecauseitimpliesalackofmoralstrength.

Ourobsessionwiththinnessisalsofueledbyhealthconcerns.Itistruethatinthiscountrywehavemoreoverweightpeoplethaneverbefore,andthat,inmanycases,beingoverweightcorrelateswithanincreasedriskofheartandbloodvesseldiseases.Thesediseases,however,mayhaveasmuchtodowithourwayoflifeandourhigh-fatdietsaswithexcessweight.Andtheassociatedriskofcancerinthedigestivesystemmaybemoreofadietaryproblem—toomuchfatandalackoffiber—thanaweightproblem.

Therealconcern,then,isnotthatweweightoomuch,butthatweneitherexerciseenoughnoreatwell.Exerciseisnecessaryforstrongbonesandbothheartandlunghealth.Abalanceddietwithoutalotoffatcanalsohelpthebodyavoidmanydiseases.Weshouldsurelystoppayingsomuchattentiontoweight.Simplybeingthinisnotenough.Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllifestyle.Thinnesscanbepurevainglory.

1.Sweptbytheprevailingtrend,theauthor（）.

2.Intheeyesoftheauthor,anoddphenomenonnowadaysisthat（）.

3.Inhumanhistorypeople’sviewsonbodyweight（）.

4.What’stheauthor’sadvicetowomenwhoareabsorbedintheideaofthinness?

5.Theauthorcriticizeswomen’sobsessionwiththinness（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hastogoonadiet

B.couldstillpreventherselffromgoingoffthetrack

C.hastoseekhelpfromrichdistantrelatives

D.hastowearhighlyfashionableclothes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theDuchessofWindsorisregardedasawomanofvirtue.

B.lookingslimisasymbolofhavingalargefortune

C.beingthinisviewedasamuchdesiredquality

D.religiouspeoplearenotnecessarilyvirtuous

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.werecloselyrelatedtotheirreligiousbeliefs

B.changedfromtimetotime

C.variedbetweenthepoorandtherich

D.ledtodifferentmoralstandards

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theyshouldbemoreconcernedwiththeiroveralllifestyle.

B.Theyshouldbemorewatchfulforfataldiseases.

C.Theyshouldgainweighttolookhealthy.

D.Theyshouldridthemselvesoffantasiesaboutdesignerclothes.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.fromaneconomicandeducationalperspective

B.fromsociologicalandmedicalpointsofview

C.fromahistoricalandreligiousstandpoint

D.inthelightofmoralprinciples

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段的第二句“Consequently,Ihavebeenonadietforthebetter—orworse—partofmylife.”選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Beingthinisdeemedassuchvirtue.”因此，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)今社會(huì)一個(gè)奇怪的現(xiàn)象是,瘦被認(rèn)為是一種美德。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段的最后一句話“Insomereligiousgroups,wealthwasasymbolofprobablesalvationandhighmorals,andfatnessasignofwealthandwell-being.”由此推斷，人類歷史上關(guān)于體重的觀點(diǎn)與宗教信仰息息相關(guān)。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Itisactuallyhazardousifthosewhoget(oralreadyare)thinthinktheyareautomaticallyhealthyandthusfreefrompayingattentiontotheiroveralllifestyle.”說明作者認(rèn)為大家應(yīng)該關(guān)注的是自己整體的生活方式。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.結(jié)合全文進(jìn)行分析,作者結(jié)合自身的經(jīng)歷與一些宗教關(guān)于體重的看法，從社會(huì)的角度對(duì)癡迷于瘦的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行批判，文章的最后則從醫(yī)學(xué)的角度講述了健康的生活方式的重要性，以此來告誡那些癡迷于瘦的人們。所以，選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingfromChineseintoEnglish.

在人際關(guān)系上我們不要太浪漫主義，人是很有趣的，往往在接觸一個(gè)人吋首先看到的都是他或她的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，這一點(diǎn)頗像是在贊館里用衩的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。開始吃頭盤或冷碟的吋候，印象很好。吃頭兩個(gè)主菜吋，也是贊不絕口。愈吃愈趨于冷靜。吃完了這頓宴席，缺點(diǎn)就都找出來了。于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒，轉(zhuǎn)贊美為貴備挑剔，轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。這是因?yàn)椋旱谝?，開始吃的時(shí)候你正處于饑餓狀態(tài)，而餓了吃糖甜如蜜，飽了吃蜜也不甜。第二，你初到一個(gè)餐館，開始舉筷吋有新鮮感，新蓋的茅房三天香，這也可以叫做“陌生化效應(yīng)”吧。

【答案】Weshouldnotbetooromanticininterpersonalrelations.Peopleareveryinteresting.Whenwefirstmeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,weonlynoticehisorhermerits.Thisisquiteliketheexperienceofdininginarestaurant.Atthebeginning,whenwetakethefirstcourseorcolddishes,wearefullofpraise.Wealsopraisethefirsttwomaincourses.Themorewetake,thecalmerwebecome.Afterwefinishthedinner,allkindsoffaultsarefoundout.Thendelightturnsintoangry,praiseintocomplaint,anoddingheadintoasharkingone.Thisisbecause：first,youareinastateofhungrywhenyoustarttoeat.Whenoneishungry,huskwilltasteassweetashoney;butwhenoneisfull,evenhoneywillnottastesweet.Second,whenyoubegintoeatinanewrestaurant,everythingisfreshtoyou.Anewlatrinesmellsfragrant.Thiscanalsobecalleddefamiliarizationeffect.

7.單選題

Shetriedtogetacopyofthe（

）,sothatshecouldcookthedishherself.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.menu

B.prescription

C.recipe

D.instruction

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。menu意為“菜單”；prescription意為“處方，藥方”；recipe意為“食譜”；instruction意為“操作指南，指示，命令”。由后半句shecouldcookthedishherself（她可以自己做飯）可知選C。

句意：她試著要一份食譜，這樣她就可以自己做飯了。

8.單選題

Duringourfirstteachertrainingyear,weoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe（）

oflessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】句意：教師培訓(xùn)的第一年，為了（）課程,我們經(jīng)常參觀當(dāng)?shù)氐膶W(xué)校。A選項(xiàng)observation觀察；B選項(xiàng)investigation調(diào)查，研究；C選項(xiàng)inspection檢查；D選項(xiàng)examination檢查，考試。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

9.單選題

Therehavebeensomespeculationsattimesastowhowilltakeoverthecompany.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.onoccasion

B.atpresent

C.bynow

D.forsure

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。attimes表示“有時(shí)，偶爾”；A項(xiàng)onoccasion“有時(shí)，偶爾”，B項(xiàng)atpresent“目前，現(xiàn)在”，C項(xiàng)bynow“到目前為止”，D項(xiàng)forsure“確實(shí)，毫無疑問”。句意：關(guān)于誰將接管公司，不時(shí)有一些猜測(cè)。根據(jù)句意可知，選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Ifyoudon’tmind,I______listentopopsongsthantojazz.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldrather

B.wouldprefer

C.wouldlike

D.feellike

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。A項(xiàng)wouldrather“寧愿”，B項(xiàng)wouldprefer“寧愿，更喜歡”，C項(xiàng)wouldlike“愿意，想要”，D項(xiàng)feellike“想做某事”。根據(jù)句子可知，wouldratherdothando固定搭配，表示“寧愿干……而不愿……”。句意：如果你不介意的話，我寧愿聽流行歌曲而不愿聽爵士樂。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Ifaschoolpostsastudent’snameandtestscorewithoutobtainingstudent（orparental）consent,itcan（）FERPA,afederallawthatprotectstheprivacyofstudenteducationrecords.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.verify

B.vilify

C.violate

D.vibrate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)verify表示“核實(shí)，查證”；B選項(xiàng)vilify表示“誹謗，中傷，輕視”；C選項(xiàng)violate表示“違反，侵犯”；D選項(xiàng)vibrate表示“振動(dòng)，顫動(dòng)，搖擺”。由句意可知，如果學(xué)校在沒有得到學(xué)生（或家長(zhǎng)）同意的情況下公布學(xué)生的姓名和考試成績(jī)，它就違反了聯(lián)邦法律。因此，violate的詞義最符合句意，故本題正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

TheFordFoundationisoneoftheworld'swealthiestphilanthropicorganizations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.profligate

B.governmental

C.humanitarian

D.multinational

【答案】C

【解析】福特基金會(huì)是世界上最富有的慈善組織之一。philanthropic意為“博愛的，仁慈的”。profligate放蕩的；governmental政府的，政治的；humanitarian人道主義的，博愛的；multinational多國的。選項(xiàng)C與之意思相近。

13.填空題

“Dida”is（1）peopleusuallycallthisuniversity.（

2）itisacomprehensiveuniversity,theearthsciencesarestillitsmainresearchfocus.Thereis（3）universityassociatedwithit,inWuhan.

【答案】1.what

2.Although

3.another

【解析】1.語法題。what在此處引導(dǎo)表語從句,在從句中充當(dāng)賓語。

2.邏輯分析。由后句的still(仍然)推測(cè)前后句為讓步關(guān)系。

3.語義題。句意:武漢還有一所與之相關(guān)的大學(xué)。

14.單選題

Somedaysoftwarewilltranslatebothwrittenandspokenlanguagesowellthattheneedforanycommonsecondlanguagecould（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.descend

B.decline

C.deteriorate

D.depress

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)descend“下降”，多指從高處落向低處；B選項(xiàng)decline“衰退”，多指數(shù)量，質(zhì)量或價(jià)值的下降；C選項(xiàng)deteriorate“惡化，變壞”；D選項(xiàng)depress“壓抑，使沮喪”。根據(jù)句意：總有一天，軟件可以很好地翻譯書面語和口語，以至于對(duì)通用第二語言的需求可能會(huì)減少。這里是指需求減少，所以選項(xiàng)B最恰當(dāng)。

15.單選題

Oftenthedifficultiesofgrowingupinthepubliceyecausechildprodigiesto（）theworldofachievementbeforereachingadulthood;happily,theysometimeslaterreturntocompetitionandsucceedbrilliantly.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ridicule

B.retirefrom

C.examine

D.conquer

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ridicule“嘲笑，奚落”；B選項(xiàng)retirefrom“退休；退出；從……退休”；C選項(xiàng)examine“檢查；調(diào)查；檢測(cè)；考試”；D選項(xiàng)conquer“戰(zhàn)勝，征服；攻克，攻取”。句意：在公眾的目光下成長(zhǎng)的困難往往導(dǎo)致神童在成年之前就從成就的世界中退休；令人高興的是，他們有時(shí)會(huì)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲勝。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy,accordingtoanewreportfromtheHudsonInstitute,apublicpolicyresearchorganization.Currently,manyolderexperiencedworkersretireatanearlyage.Accordingtotherecentlyissuedstatistics,79percentofqualifiedworkersbegincollectingretirementbenefitsatage62;ifthattrendcontinues,therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury.

OlderAmericansconstituteanincreasingproportionofthepopulation,accordingtotheU.S.CensusBureau,andthepopulationofthoseoverage65willgrowby60%between2001and2020.Duringthesameperiod,thegroupaged18to44willincreasebyonly4%.Keepingolderskilledworkersemployed,evenparttime,wouldincreaseU.S.economicoutputandstrengthenthetaxbase;butwithoutsignificantpolicyreforms,massiveearlyretirementamongbabyboomersseemsmorelikely.

Retirementatage62isaneconomicallyrationaldecisiontoday.SocialSecurityandMedicaidearningslimitsandtaxpenaltiessubjectourmostexperiencedworkerstomarginaltaxratesashighas67%.SocialSecurityformulasencourageearlyretirement.Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits.

HudsonInstituteresearchersbelievethatfederaltaxandbenefitpoliciesareatfaultandreformsareurgentlyneeded,buttheydisagreewiththepopularproposalthatmucholderAmericanswillhavetoworkbecauseSocialSecuritywillnotsupportthemandthatbabyboomersarenotsavingenoughforretirement.Accordingtotheincreasein401(k)andKeoghretirementplans,theongoingstockmarketonWallStreet,andthelikelihoodoflargeinheritance,thereisevidencethatbabyboomerswillreach65withgreaterfinancialassetsthanpreviousgenerations.

TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings,especiallyforolderworker.Amongthereport'srecommendations:TaxhalfofallSocialSecuritybenefits,regardlessofotherincome,provide8%largerbenefitsforeachyearbeyond65;andpermitworkersnearingretirementtonegotiatecompensationpackagesthatmayincludealowersalarybutwithgreaterhealthcarebenefits.However,it,maytakerealandfruitfulplanningtofindtherightsolutiontotheearlyretirementofolderexperiencedworkers;anymeasurestakenmustbeallowedtoprolongtheserviceabilityofolderexperiencedworkers.

1.AccordingtoHudsonInstituteresearcher,theeffectoftheearlyretirementofqualifiedworkersintheUSeconomyis（

）.

2.TheolderexperiencedworkersinAmericatendtoretireearlybecausetheirprolongedservicemay（

）.

3.Thesecondparagraphiswrittenchieflytoshowthat（

）.

4.Theword"hinder”inthelastsentenceofParagraph1refersto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.constructive

B.significant

C.inconclusive

D.detrimental

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.doharmtoyoungergenerations

B.endupwithfewornobenefits

C.give-playtotheirpotentials

D.shedlightonsocialtrends

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.therewillbeanacutelaborshortageinthenearfuture

B.baby-boomerscontributemuchtotheUSeconomicoutput

C.governmentpoliciesconcerningolderpeopleareoutdated

D.olderworkersareenthusiasticaboutcollectingsocialbenefits

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.help

B.prevent

C.promote

D.drag

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Somegovernmentpoliciesatpresentdiscourageworkandsavings

B.Seniorcitizensoccupythelargestpercentageofthepopulationnow.

C.Incomeseldomriseswithadditionalyearsofwork.

D.TheHudsonInstitutebelongstotheGovernmentAdministrations

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“根據(jù)哈德遜研究所研究報(bào)道，在美國經(jīng)濟(jì)中有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的合格工作人員提前退休的影響是什么？”文章第一段第一句話提到“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工作人員提前退休嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展”(TheearlyretirementofexperiencedworkersisseriouslyharmingtheU.S.economy)。因此，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。constructive“建設(shè)性的”；significant“重大的，有效的”；inconclusive“不確定的”；detrimental“有害的”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目所問的是“年齡大的經(jīng)驗(yàn)工人往往會(huì)提前退休是因?yàn)樗麄兊拈L(zhǎng)期服務(wù)可以會(huì)怎么樣？”文章第三段最后一句提到“盡管隨工作年限增長(zhǎng)工資會(huì)增加，但是他們所繳納的稅也會(huì)增加，所獲得的利潤(rùn)變少”（Althoughincomesusuallyrisewithadditionalyearsofwork,anypayincreasesafterthe35-yearmarkresultinhighersocialSecuritytaxesbutonlysmallincreasesinbenefits）。因此，選項(xiàng)B“獲得很少甚至沒有好處”符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“第二段主要是為了表明什么？”第二段作者通過對(duì)比老年人（65歲）和青壯年（11-44歲）的人口增長(zhǎng)率，分別是60%和4%，說明美國社會(huì)勞動(dòng)力的短缺。選項(xiàng)A“在不久的將來勞動(dòng)力將會(huì)急劇短缺”符合題意。

4.詞義題。題目所問的是“‘hinder’的意思是什么？”hinder出現(xiàn)的句子是therewillbealaborshortagethatwillhindertheeconomicgrowthinthetwenty-firstcentury，在該句中，hinder的主語是alaborshortage，賓語是economicgrowth，根據(jù)前文可知這里提到的是年老工人的提前退休對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有害，因此hinder在這里是否定意義，hindertheeconomicgrowth“阻礙經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展”。因此，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。題目所問的是“下列說法哪個(gè)是正確的？”根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句提到“哈德遜研究所提倡改革政府那些不鼓勵(lì)工作和存儲(chǔ)的政策”（TheHudsonInstituteadvocatesreforminggovernmentpoliciesthatnowdiscourageworkandsavings）可知美國政府目前所存在的問題就是“目前一些政策阻礙了工作和存儲(chǔ)”，因此選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

17.單選題

Hesettheengineofthecar（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.going

B.go

C.togoing

D.ongoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。setsth.doing表示“使……開始”；settodo表示“動(dòng)手干（認(rèn)真開始干，爭(zhēng)論，拳賽，毆斗）”。此處表示使車的引擎發(fā)動(dòng)，因此選A。句意：他發(fā)動(dòng)了汽車的引擎。

18.單選題

Abroadcastingstationwillsometimes（）toitslistenersaprogrammewhichithasreceivedfromanotherstation.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rely

B.relay

C.relate

D.reside

【答案】B

【解析】考察動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。rely“依靠”；relay“轉(zhuǎn)播”；relate“聯(lián)系”；reside“居住，留守”。句意:有時(shí)候一個(gè)廣播電臺(tái)會(huì)將其所收到的其他電臺(tái)的節(jié)目轉(zhuǎn)播給聽眾。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

19.單選題

Theirviewthatwomenarethenatural（）ofmoralityisnotmyview.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.guardians

B.guards

C.guides

D.soldiers

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為，女人是道德的天然，但我不認(rèn)同。guardians守護(hù)者、保護(hù)人；guards守衛(wèi)、后衛(wèi)、護(hù)衛(wèi)隊(duì)、禁衛(wèi)軍；guides引導(dǎo)、向?qū)В籹oldiers軍人。故選A。

20.單選題

Informerrevolutionarybaseareas,thepoverty-strickenpeoplecannotaffordtolivein______conditions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.gracious

B.decent

C.honorable

D.positive

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)gracious“寬厚的；仁慈的”；B選項(xiàng)decent“像樣的；相當(dāng)好的”；C選項(xiàng)honorable“可敬的；保護(hù)聲譽(yù)的；體面的”；D選項(xiàng)positive“積極的”。句意：在舊的革命根據(jù)地，貧困群眾不能擁有______的生活條件。根據(jù)語境，B選項(xiàng)decent“像樣的；相當(dāng)好的”搭配conditions“條件”比較合理，意思指生活條件優(yōu)越。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

21.單選題

Andersonheldouthisarmsto（）theattack,butthesharkgrabbedhisrightforearmanddived.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.turnoff

B.wardoff

C.triggeroff

D.calloff

【答案】B

【解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)turnoff“關(guān)掉”；B選項(xiàng)wardoff“避開、擋住”；C選項(xiàng)triggeroff“引起、激起”；D選項(xiàng)calloff“取消、放棄”，句意為：安德森伸出雙臂擋住鯊魚的攻擊，但鯊魚咬住他的右前臂，潛入水中。wardoff“避開、擋住”符合題意，因此選B。

22.單選題

Historyhasdemonstratedthatcountrieswithdifferentsocialsystemsandideologiescanjoinhandsinmeetingthecommonchallengestohuman（

）anddevelopment.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.evolution

B.survival

C.rivalry

D.dignity

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。evolution進(jìn)化，演變；survival生存，幸存；rivalry競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，對(duì)抗；dignity尊嚴(yán)。句意：歷史已經(jīng)表明，不同社會(huì)制度、不同意識(shí)形態(tài)的國家可以攜手應(yīng)對(duì)人類生存與發(fā)展的共同挑戰(zhàn)。由anddevelopment可知該空與development是并列關(guān)系，故B項(xiàng)符合句意，答案B。

23.單選題

Thedrugstoreatthecornerofourstreetsellsaspirinsand（）penicillinprescriptions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dispenses

B.disposes

C.disperses

D.dispatches

【答案】A

【解析】考查同形詞義辨析。dispenses“分配；分發(fā)”；disposes“處理；安排”；disperses“分散；使散開”；dispatches“派遣；分派”，此句中and一詞連接了兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，所以此處要填的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與sells是對(duì)應(yīng)的，按照常識(shí)，藥店除了會(huì)賣藥之外，也會(huì)分發(fā)一些藥品，所以此處應(yīng)該選擇一個(gè)表示“分發(fā)”的動(dòng)詞。句意：在我們這條街街角處有一個(gè)藥店售賣阿司匹林并且……青霉素的處方。因此可知A選項(xiàng)正確。

24.單選題

Sincethetwopartiescouldn't（

）theirdifferences,theydecidedtostoptheirnegotiations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rectify

B.reconcile

C.oblige

D.obscure

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。rectify意為“改正，校正”；reconcile意為“使和好，使和解，妥協(xié)”；oblige意為“強(qiáng)制，強(qiáng)迫”；obscure意為“費(fèi)解的，難以理解的”。

句意：因?yàn)閮牲h不能就分歧達(dá)成一致，他們決定停止談判。

25.單選題

TheGovernmenthasthereforeagreedtopayauthoritiesextrasumsto（）fortheirfinanciallosses.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.makeup

B.turnup

C.fillin

D.leanon

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)makeup“組成，編造，彌補(bǔ)”；B選項(xiàng)turnup“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；C選項(xiàng)fillin“填寫”；D選項(xiàng)leanon“依賴，靠在……上”。句意：政府因此同意向當(dāng)局支付額外的金額，以彌補(bǔ)他們的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。makeupfor意為“補(bǔ)償，彌補(bǔ)”，選項(xiàng)A正確。

26.單選題

Whichissafer-stayingathome,travelingtoworkonpublictransport,orworkingintheoffice?Surprisingly,eachofthesecarriesthesamerisk,whichisverylow.However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!Infact,theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome.

Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.Fortunately,theyareextremelyrare.ThemostfamousoneshappenedatTexasCity(1947),Flixborough(1974),Seveso(1976),Pemex(1984)andBhopal(1984).

Someofthesearealwaysinthemindsofthepeopleeventhoughthelossoflifewassmall.NoonediedatSeveso,andonly28workersatFlixborough.TheworstaccidentofallwasBhopal,whereupto3,000werekilled.TheTexasCityexplosionoffertilizerkilled552.ThePemexfireatastorageplantfornaturalgasinthesuburbsofMexicoCitytook542lives,justamonthbeforetheunfortunateeventatBhopal.

Someexpertshavediscussedtheseaccidentsandusedeachaccidenttoillustrateaparticulardanger.ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate(硝酸銨),whichissafeunlessstoredingreatquantity.TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.TheSevesoaccidentshowswhathappensifthelocalauthoritieslackknowledgeofthedangerontheirdoorstep.Whenthepoisonousgasdriftedoverthetown,localleaderswereincapableoftakingeffectiveaction.ThePemexfirewasmadeworsebyanoverloadedsiteinanovercrowdedsuburb.Thefiresetoffachainreactiononexplodingstoragetanks.Yet,byamiracle,thetwolargesttanksdidnotexplode.Hadthesecaughtfire,then3,000strongrescueteamandfirefighterswouldallhavedied.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

2.Chemicalaccidentsareusuallyimportantenoughtobereportedasnewsbecause（）.

3.Accordingtopassage,thechemicalaccidentthatcausedbythefaultofmanagementhappenedat（）.

4.Fromthepassageweknowthatammoniumnitrateisakindof（）.

5.Fromthediscussionamongsomeexpertswemayconcludethat（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Workingattheofficeissaferthanstayingathome.

B.Travellingtoworkonpublictransportissaferthanworkingattheoffice.

C.Stayingathomeissaferthanworkinginthechemicalindustry.

D.Workinginthechemicalindustryissaferthantravelingbyair.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.theyareveryrare

B.theyoftencauselossoflife

C.theyalwaysoccurinbigcities

D.theyarousetheinterestofallthereaders

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Texascity

B.Flixborough

C.Seveso

D.MexicoCity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.naturalgas,whichcaneasilycatchfire

B.fertilizer,whichcan’tbestoredinagreatquantity

C.poisonoussubstance,whichcan’tbeusedinovercrowdedareas

D.fuel,whichisstoredinlargetanks

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.toavoidanyaccidentsweshouldnotrepairthefacilitiesinchemicalindustry

B.thelocalauthoritiesshouldnotbeconcernedwiththeproductionofthechemicalindustry

C.alltheseaccidentscouldhavebeenavoidedorcontrolledifeffectivemeasurehadbeentaken

D.naturalgasstoredinverylargetanksisalwayssafe

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:C

【解析】1.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由D選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“chemicalindustry”可以定位到文章第一段第三、四句However,whataboutflyingcomparedtoworkinginthechemicalindustry?Unfortunately,theformeris65timesriskierthanthelatter!（然而，坐飛機(jī)和在化工行業(yè)工作相比怎么樣呢？不幸的是，前者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是后者的55倍?。?，說明在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全。因此D選項(xiàng)“在化工行業(yè)工作比坐飛機(jī)更安全?！闭_。A選項(xiàng)“在辦公室工作比待在家里更安全”，B選項(xiàng)“乘公共交通工具去上班比在辦公室工作更安全”，由原文可知待在家里、乘坐公共交通工具上班和在辦公室工作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是相同的，沒有誰比誰更安全，所以A，B錯(cuò)誤。由第一段最后一句theaccidentrateofworkersinthechemicalindustryislessthanthatofalmostanyofhumanactivity,andalmostassafeasstayingathome（化工行業(yè)工人的事故率比幾乎任何人類活動(dòng)都要低，幾乎和待在家里一樣安全），說明化工行業(yè)和待在家里一樣安全，所以C選項(xiàng)“待在家里比在化工行業(yè)工作更安全”錯(cuò)誤。

2.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“reportedasnews”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句Thetroublewiththechemicalindustryisthatwhenthingsgowrongtheyoftencausedeathtothoselivingnearby.Itisthiswhichmakeschemicalaccidentssonewsworthy.（化工行業(yè)的問題是，一旦出現(xiàn)問題，往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致附近居民死亡。這也使得化學(xué)事故具有新聞價(jià)值。），說明新聞報(bào)道化學(xué)事故是因?yàn)樗鼈儠?huì)導(dǎo)致人員死亡。因此B選項(xiàng)“它們經(jīng)常造成生命損失”正確。A選項(xiàng)“它們非常罕見”，C選項(xiàng)“它們總是發(fā)生在大城市”和D選項(xiàng)“它們引起了所有讀者的興趣”在文中均沒有提及，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

3.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“faultofmanagement”可以定位到文章第四段第三句TheFlixboroughfireballwasthefaultofmanagement,whichtookriskstokeepproductiongoingduringessentialrepairs.（弗利克斯伯勒的火災(zāi)是管理層的失誤造成的，因?yàn)樗麄兠爸L(fēng)險(xiǎn)在重要維修期間繼續(xù)生產(chǎn)。），說明由管理失誤造成的化學(xué)事故發(fā)生在弗利克斯伯勒。因此B選項(xiàng)“弗利克斯伯勒”正確。A選項(xiàng)“得克薩斯城”，C選項(xiàng)“塞維索”和D選項(xiàng)“墨西哥城”的事故不是因?yàn)楣芾硎д`造成的，所以A，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

4.客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“ammoniumnitrate”可以定位到文章第四段第二句ThustheTexasCityexplosionwascausedbytonsofammoniumnitrate,whichissafeunlessstoredi