考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京化工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京化工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Careshouldbetakentodecreasethelengthoftimethatoneis（）loudcontinuousnoise.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.attachedto

B.subjectedto

C.filledwith

D.associatedwith

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)(be)attachedto“附屬于；系于”；B選項(xiàng)(be)subjectedto“遭受；承受”；C選項(xiàng)(be)filledwith“充滿”；D選項(xiàng)(be)associatedwith“與……有關(guān)”。句意：應(yīng)注意縮短人們……連續(xù)噪音的時(shí)間。從句中的主語(yǔ)是one“人”，賓語(yǔ)是loudcontinuousnoise“響亮不間斷的噪音”。人對(duì)噪音是難以忍受的，所以需要縮短人們承受噪音的時(shí)間。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludingsimplifyingjobsandretrainingemployeestoworksmarter,notharder——doproduceresults.Butthetoolsquicklyreachthelimitsofwhattheycancontribute.

Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.

EverycompanyIknowthathasfreeditselffromtheparadoxhasdoneso,inpart,bydevelopingandimplementingamanufacturingstrategy.Suchastrategyfocusesonthemanufactureandonequipmentandprocesstechnology.Inonecompanyamanufacturingstrategythatalloweddifferentareasofthefactorytospecializeindifferentmarketsreplacedtheconventionalcost-cuttingapproach,withinthreeyearsthecompanyregaineditscompetitiveadvantage.Togetherwithsuchstrategies,successfulcompaniesarealsoencouragingmanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectivesbesidescuttingcost.Thereishopeformanufacturing,butitclearlyrestsonadifferentwayofmanaging.

1.Theauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthemanufacturersmentionedinPara1expectedthatthemeasurestheyimplementedwould（

）.

3.TheprimaryfunctionoftheFirstParagraphisto（

）.

4.TheauthorreferstoAbernathy’sstudymostprobablyinorderto（

）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardthecultureinmostfactoriesisbestdescribedas（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.summarizingathesis

B.recommendingadifferentapproach

C.comparingpointsofview

D.makingaseriesofpredictions

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.encourageinnovation

B.keeplaboroutputconstant

C.increasetheircompetitiveadvantage

D.causemanagerstofocusonawidersetofobjectives

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.outlineinbrieftheauthor’sargument

B.anticipatechallengestotheprescriptionsthatfollow

C.clarifysomedisputeddefinitionsofeconomicterms

D.presentahistoricalcontextfortheauthor’sobservations

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.qualifyanobservationaboutonemethodrulegoverningmanufacturing

B.supportanearlierassertionaboutonemethodofincreasingproductivity

C.suggestthecentralityintheUnitedStateseconomyofaparticularmanufacturingindustry

D.giveanexampleofresearchthathasquestionedthewisdomofrevisingamanufacturingstrategy

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Critical

B.Disinterested

C.Respectful

D.Adulatory

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題干詢問(wèn)‘這篇文章的作者主要關(guān)心的是…’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；根據(jù)這樣的文章結(jié)構(gòu)確定B選項(xiàng)“推薦一種不同的方法”正確。A選項(xiàng)“總結(jié)一個(gè)論點(diǎn)”，C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行比較”和D選項(xiàng)“做出一系列的預(yù)測(cè)”都不能準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)作者寫作意圖。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，第1段中提到的制造商期望他們所采取的措施將會(huì)…’從文章推斷第一段中提到的生產(chǎn)商期望他們實(shí)施的策略能夠怎樣？根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity——andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitiveness——throughcost-cuttingprograms.美國(guó)的制造商一直試圖通過(guò)削減成本來(lái)提高生產(chǎn)率，從而增強(qiáng)其國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“增加他們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)”正確可知生產(chǎn)商們是想要增強(qiáng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的，故答案選項(xiàng)為C。

3.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘第一段的主要作用是…’文章第一段主要描述了20世紀(jì)70年代美國(guó)企業(yè)中的削減成本策略后出現(xiàn)的情況，所以D選項(xiàng)“介紹作者觀察結(jié)果出現(xiàn)的歷史背景”正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問(wèn)‘作者引用艾伯納西的研究最有可能是為了…’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句‘AsAbernathy’sstudyofautomobilemanufacturershasshown,anindustrycaneasilybecomeprisonerofitsowninvestmentsincost-cuttingtechniques,reducingitsabilitytodevelopnewproducts.正如Abernathy對(duì)汽車制造商的研究表明，一個(gè)行業(yè)很容易成為自己在削減成本技術(shù)上投資的囚徒，從而降低了開(kāi)發(fā)新產(chǎn)品的能力?！梢源_定艾伯納西的研究是為了證明前一句話‘Anotherproblemisthatthecost-cuttingapproachhindersinnovationanddiscouragescreativepeople.另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，削減成本的做法阻礙了創(chuàng)新，阻礙了有創(chuàng)造力的人?！訠選項(xiàng)“支持前期有關(guān)一個(gè)提高生產(chǎn)率的方法的論斷”正確。

5.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。題干詢問(wèn)‘作者對(duì)大多數(shù)工廠文化的態(tài)度可以用哪個(gè)詞來(lái)描述？’文章一開(kāi)始作者提出隨著市場(chǎng)份額丟失，很多企業(yè)開(kāi)始采用削減成本的策略；隨后從幾個(gè)方面指出這種策略的缺陷處；最后，作者提出了一種新的策略并證明它是行之有效的；所以B選項(xiàng)“無(wú)私的，公正的”正確。

3.單選題

Thespaceprojectrequiresmoremoneythan______becauseitneedsthemostmodernandadvancedequipmentwhichisextremelyexpensive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tobeputin

B.tohavebeenputin

C.puttingin

D.havingputit

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.tobeputin被投入B.tohavebeenputin被投入

C.puttingin投入D.havingputit把它

【考查點(diǎn)】比較級(jí)的用法。

【解題思路】空格處為被比較部分，前面提到“太空計(jì)劃需要的資金比……更多”，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，可知是“比投入的更多”，需要用到完成時(shí)；而money和putin之間為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)表示將來(lái)，不符合句子意思；

C、D選項(xiàng)表示主動(dòng)，排除。

【句意】太空計(jì)劃需要的資金比投入的要多，因?yàn)樗枰瞵F(xiàn)代和最先進(jìn)的設(shè)備，這是極其昂貴的。

4.單選題

Theyadvisedtheirclientsto（）withanothercompany.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.merge

B.engage

C.emerge

D.submerge

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。mergewith合并，與...聯(lián)合；engagewith交戰(zhàn)，與...接洽；emerge浮現(xiàn)，暴露；submerge淹沒(méi)。句意：他們建議客戶與另一家公司合作。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Salesofmushroomshavehitanall-timehighasBritonsincreasinglyturntothecheapand（

）foodstufffortheircooking.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.versatile

B.multiple

C.manifold

D.diverse

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。versatile“多才多藝的，多用途的”；multiple“多重的，復(fù)合的”；manifold“多方面的，各式各樣的”；diverse“不同的，各種各樣的”。句意：蘑菇的銷量創(chuàng)下歷史新高，因?yàn)橛?guó)人越來(lái)越多致力于尋找便宜的、多用途的食材做飯。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Povertyandinadequatehealthcaretaketheirtollonthequalityofacommunity’shealth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.destruction

B.contribution

C.charge

D.origin

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。toll表示“代價(jià)”；A項(xiàng)destruction“損害，破壞”，B項(xiàng)contribution“貢獻(xiàn)”，C項(xiàng)charge“費(fèi)用”，D項(xiàng)origin“起源，出身”。句意：貧窮和衛(wèi)生保健不足損害了社區(qū)的健康質(zhì)量。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Parksandopenspacesareessentialtothequalityoflifeindense（

）areassuchasNewYorkCity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agricultural

B.rural

C.suburban

D.urban

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞辨析題。agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的；rural鄉(xiāng)村的；suburban郊區(qū)的；.urban城市的。

句意：公園和空地對(duì)于像紐約這樣人口密集的城市地區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

8.單選題

They（

）hisclaimofinnocencewitheye-witnesstestimony

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.objected

B.opposed

C.contradicted

D.refuted

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。object“反對(duì)（一般與介詞to搭配使用）”；oppose“反對(duì)；對(duì)抗，抗?fàn)帯?；contradict“反駁；否定；與······矛盾”；refute“駁斥”。句意：他們用目擊者的證詞來(lái)駁斥他聲稱自己無(wú)辜。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Apainstakingprocessofreinventingledtonewcorecoursesdesignedtohelpstudentsdevelopglobalawarenessandstrengthentheiranalyticalandreasoningabilities,criticalreadingskills,andwriting（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.profession

B.performance

C.proficiency

D.progress

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。profession“職業(yè)，專業(yè)”；performance“性能，績(jī)效”；proficiency“精通，熟練”；progress“進(jìn)步，發(fā)展”。句意：一個(gè)艱苦的改造過(guò)程帶來(lái)了新的核心課程，旨在幫助學(xué)生發(fā)展全球意識(shí)，提升他們的分析和推理能力，提高批判性閱讀和寫作的熟練程度。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

10.單選題

ThecollapseoftheEarth’smagneticfield—whichguardstheplanetandguidesmanyofitscreatures—appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout150yearsago,theNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.

Thefield’sstrengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthishasincreasedthedebateoverwhetheritsignalsareversaloftheplanet’slinesofmagneticforce.

Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,almostvanishes,andreappearswithoppositepolarity（極）.Thetransitionwouldtakethousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedlesthathadpointednorthwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothmanandanimals.Astronautsandsatelliteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,fishandanimalsthatrelyonthemagneticfieldfornavigationwouldfindmigrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbeabigdisaster,despiteclaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceoflinksbetweenpastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.

Althoughatotaltransitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,therapiddeclineinmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsatellites.Lastmonth,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld’slargesteffortattrackingthefield’sshifts.Agroupofnewsatellites,calledSwarm,istomonitorthecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision.“Wewanttogetsomeideaofhowthiswouldevolveinthenearfuture,justlikepeopletryingtopredicttheweather，”saidGauthierHulot,aFrenchgeophysicistworkingonthesatelliteplan.“I’mpersonallyquiteconvincedweshouldbeabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheendofthemission.’’

Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepublichasnoreasontopanic.Evenifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2,000yearstomature.Thelastonetookplace780,000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswerelearninghowtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhotcurrentsofmeltediron.Thismechanicalenergycreateselectromagnetism.Thisprocessisknownasthegeophysicalgenerator.Inacar’sgenerator,thesameprincipleturnsmechanicalenergyintoelectricity.

Nooneknowspreciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreverses.Butscientistssaytheresponsibilityprobablylieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthecloudsofJupiter.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theEarth’smagneticfieldhas（

）.

2.DuringthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield（

）.

3.Theauthorsaysthepublichasnoreasontopanic”because（

）.

4.ThecauseofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfieldcomesfrom（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.misguidedmanyamanandanimal

B.beguntochangeintheoppositedirection

C.causedthechangesonthepolarities

D.beenweakeninginstrengthforalongtime

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thecompasswillbecomeuseless

B.manandanimalswillbeconfusedindirections

C.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwilldisappear

D.themagneticstrengthoftheEarthwillbestronger

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thetransitionisstillthousandsofyearsfromnow

B.thetransitioncanbepreciselypredictedbyscientists

C.theprocessofthetransitionwilltakeaverylongtimetofinish

D.thenewtransitionwillcome780,000yearsfromnow

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.themovementdeepinsidetheEarth

B.theperiodicalreversesoftheEarth

C.theforcecoiningfromouterspace

D.themechanicalmovementoftheEarth

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。文章前兩段指出地球磁場(chǎng)開(kāi)始發(fā)生變化，后來(lái)指出正在向相反的方向發(fā)生變化。故選B。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞transition定位至第三段。由此推測(cè)B項(xiàng)“人和動(dòng)物在方向上會(huì)混淆”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞publichasnoreasontopanic定位至第五段。由此推測(cè)B項(xiàng)“人和動(dòng)物在方向上會(huì)混淆”正確。關(guān)鍵詞publichasnoreasontopanic后面就講了原因:itmighttake2,000yearstomature(可能要2000年才能成熟)。故選C。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞causeofthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield定位至最后一段:changesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,即原因是地球內(nèi)部深處流動(dòng)著液體鐵，這種機(jī)械能會(huì)產(chǎn)生電磁。

11.單選題

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Doingenjoyablework.

B.Earningacompetitivesalary.

C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.

D.Workingforsupportivebosses.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.20%.

B.25%.

C.31%.

D.73%.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.

B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.

C.Thoserunbywomen.

D.Thoseofasmallsize.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.

C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.

D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.

M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.

W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?

M:Apparentlynot.

W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?

M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.

W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.

M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.

W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.

W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?

M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.

1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?

【試題答案】C

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)根據(jù)這項(xiàng)調(diào)查，讓員工快樂(lè)的首要因素是什么?錄音提及，大部分受訪者認(rèn)為，要有工作幸福感，最重要的因素是與友好的、能給予幫助的同事一起共事。C選項(xiàng)“與友好的同事共事”是錄音原文復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“從事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素，與題干不符，因此排除；B選項(xiàng)“獲得有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的薪水”是調(diào)查得出的兩個(gè)最不重要的因素之一，因此也可排除；D選項(xiàng)“為能給予幫助的老板工作”，這里能給予幫助的應(yīng)該是同事而不是老板，與原文表述不符，因此不正確。

2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)在接受調(diào)查的人中，對(duì)工作感到不快樂(lè)的比例是多少?錄音中，男士提及，有25%的受訪者認(rèn)為自己在工作中“非常愉快”，而有20%的受訪者則認(rèn)為自己在工作中不愉快。因此，A選項(xiàng)“20%”正確。B選項(xiàng)“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例；C選項(xiàng)“31%”錄音中沒(méi)有提及；D選項(xiàng)“73%”的對(duì)象與題干不相關(guān)，也可排除。

3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)什么樣的公司最受員工歡迎？錄音中，男士提及調(diào)查還得出幾個(gè)有趣的結(jié)論，其中一點(diǎn)是人們更喜歡去員工在100人以下的小規(guī)模機(jī)構(gòu)或公司工作。因此D選項(xiàng)“規(guī)模小的公司”正確。A選項(xiàng)“充滿熟練工人的公司”；B選項(xiàng)“管理得當(dāng)?shù)墓尽焙虲選項(xiàng)“由女性經(jīng)營(yíng)的公司”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此可排除。

4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)簽訂兼職合同的人更快樂(lè)的可能原因是什么?錄音中男士提及，那些一天只需工作四五個(gè)小時(shí)的兼職人員，其幸福感要比那些全職員工高。研究人員得出的結(jié)論是：這可能是因?yàn)榧媛毴藛T的工作與生活有更好的平衡。B選項(xiàng)中的balanceworkandlife是錄音中work-lifebalance的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“他們可以贏得工作上的認(rèn)可”是對(duì)工作幸福感最不重要的兩個(gè)影響因素之一，與兼職人員的工作幸福感無(wú)關(guān)，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“他們可以輕松地從一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D項(xiàng)“他們從事不止一份工作”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及，因此也可排除。

12.單選題

Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.Ifthethingstobefoundareactuallynew,theyarebydefinitionunknowninadvance.Youcannotmakechoicesinthismatter.Youeitherhavescienceoryoudon'tandifyouhaveityouareobligedtoacceptthesurprisinganddisturbingpiecesofinformation,alongwiththeneatandpromptlyusefulbits.TheonlysolidpieceofscientifictruthaboutwhichIfeeltotallyconfidentisthatweareprofoundlyignorantaboutthenature.Indeed,Iregardthisasthemajordiscoveryofthepasthundredyearsofbiology.Itis,inthisway,anilluminatingpieceofnews.Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.Itisthissuddenconfrontationwithdepthandscopeofignorancethatrepresentsthemostsignificantcontributionofthe20thcenturysciencetobethehumanintellect.Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.Nowthatwehavebegunexploringinearnest,wearegettingglimpsesofhowhugethequestionsare;andhowfarfrombeinganswered.Becauseofthis,wearedepressed.Itisnotsobadbeingignorance,worstspotsandhereandtherethenot-so-badspots,butnotruelightattheendofthetunnelnorevenanytunnelsthatcanyetbetrusted.Butwearemakingabeginning,andthereoughttobesomesatisfaction.Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan’tbeanswered,soonerorlater,includingeventhematterofconsciousness.Tobesure,theremaywellbequestionswecan’tthinkup,andthereforelimitstothereachofhumanintellect,butthatisanothermatter.Withinourlimits,weshouldbeabletoworkourthroughtoallouranswers,ifwekeepatitlongenough,andpayattention.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsofthe18thcentury

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofscientistsinearliertimes?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsscience?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenment.

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thoughtthattheyknewagreatdealandcouldsolvemostproblemofscience

B.wereafraidoffacinguptotherealitiesofscientificresearch

C.knewthattheywereignorantandwantedtoknowmoreaboutnature

D.didmoreharmthangoodinpromotingman’sunderstandingofnature

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyinventedfalsetheoriestoexplainthingtheydidn'tunderstand.

B.Theyfalselyclaimedtoknowallaboutnature.

C.Theydidnotbelieveinresultsfromscientificobservation.

D.Theypaidlittleattentiontotheproblemstheydidn’tunderstand.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Heisdepressedbecauseoftheignoranceofscientists.

B.Heisdoubtfulbecauseoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

C.Heisconfidentthoughheisawareoftheenormousdifficultiesconfrontingit.

D.Heisdelightedbecauseoftheilluminatingscientificfindings.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。文章第一句“Itishardtopredicthowscienceisgoingtoturnout,andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.”指出科學(xué)是很難預(yù)測(cè)的，如果真是科學(xué)，也就不可能去預(yù)測(cè)。文中的predict對(duì)應(yīng)于選項(xiàng)B中的foreseen，所以選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章中的“Itwouldhaveamazedthatthebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnlightenmenttobetoldbyanyofushowlittleweknowandhowbewilderingseemsthewayahead.”“如果18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家們被告知我們?nèi)祟悓?duì)世界幾乎是一無(wú)所知的，那么他們將會(huì)非常震驚”可推斷出18世紀(jì)的科學(xué)家并不認(rèn)為自己對(duì)世界一無(wú)所知，所以A選項(xiàng)‘認(rèn)為他們知道很多，可以解決大多數(shù)科學(xué)問(wèn)題’正確，C選項(xiàng)與A選項(xiàng)表述相反，錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“不敢面對(duì)科學(xué)研究的事實(shí)”和D選項(xiàng)“在人類對(duì)自然界的理解方面產(chǎn)生了更多的不好的影響”沒(méi)有在文章中體現(xiàn)。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)文章中的“Inearliertimes,weeitherpretendedtounderstandhowthingsworkedorignoredtheproblem,orsimplymadeupstoriestofillthegaps.”“在早期，我們要么假裝知道事物的規(guī)律，要么對(duì)此置之不理或者用編造故事的方式來(lái)搪塞。”確定A選項(xiàng)“捏造錯(cuò)誤的理論來(lái)解釋他們不知道的事物”、B選項(xiàng)“他們假裝知道有關(guān)自然界的一切”和D選項(xiàng)“他們對(duì)不懂的事情置之不理”都是早期科學(xué)家的特點(diǎn)，只有C選項(xiàng)“他們不相信科學(xué)觀察得出的結(jié)果”沒(méi)有提及，或者用排除法，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)文章中的“Thereareprobablynoquestionswecanthinkupthatcan'tbeanswered,soonerorlater...”“盡管有困難，但人類遲早會(huì)解決這些問(wèn)題”所以C選項(xiàng)“雖然意識(shí)到困難重重但還是很有信心”符合作者對(duì)科學(xué)的態(tài)度。

13.單選題

Recentlythecarfactoryhadtocarryoutpersonnel（）becauseoffinancialtrouble.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cuts

B.demands

C.reductions

D.orders

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)cuts“切口，份額”；B選項(xiàng)demands“需求”；C選項(xiàng)reductions“減少，縮小”；D選項(xiàng)orders“順序”。句意：最近，由于財(cái)政困難，汽車廠不得不進(jìn)行人事_____。根據(jù)前句說(shuō)“財(cái)政困難”，可以推測(cè)應(yīng)該是要進(jìn)行人事減少，因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

14.單選題

Cancellationoftheflight（）manypassengerstospendthenightattheairport.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resulted

B.obliged

C.demanded

D.recommended

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)resulted“結(jié)果；導(dǎo)致”，B選項(xiàng)obliged“迫使；強(qiáng)制；賜”，C選項(xiàng)demanded“強(qiáng)烈要求；需要”，D選項(xiàng)recommended“推薦，介紹；勸告”，根據(jù)題意可知：旅客們由于航班取消不得不在機(jī)場(chǎng)過(guò)夜，B選項(xiàng)oblige有“被迫；事實(shí)逼迫人不得不……”的含義，因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

15.單選題

He（）incourtthathehadseentheprisonerrunoutofthebankafterithadbeenrobbed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.justified

B.witnessed

C.testified

D.identified

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)justify“證明合法，證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹保籅選項(xiàng)witness“目擊，證明，為……作證”；C選項(xiàng)testify“作證，證明”；D選項(xiàng)identify“確定，鑒定，識(shí)別”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以表示“作證，證明”，但testifyincourt是固定用法，表示“出庭作證”，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

16.單選題

Ithinkshehurtmyfeelings（）ratherthanbyaccidentassheclaimed.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.virtually

B.literally

C.appropriately

D.deliberately

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)下半句“ratherthanbyaccident..”可推測(cè),“我認(rèn)為她是故意傷害我的感情而不是她聲稱的偶然傷害”。所以選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

17.單選題

Asoneoftheworld’shighestpaidmodels,shehadherface（）forfivemilliondollars.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deposited

B.assured

C.measured

D.insured

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。deposit“存放，使沉積”；assure“保證”；measure“測(cè)量，估量”；insure“確保，保證，給…保險(xiǎn)”。句意；作為世界上收入最高的模特之一，她給她的臉投了五百萬(wàn)的保險(xiǎn)。D項(xiàng)符合題意。

18.單選題

Hefailedtocompletelyachievetheaim（）bytheteacheratthebeginningoftheterm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.setforth

B.broughtforth

C.comeup

D.putforward

【答案】A

【解析】setforththeaim表示“提出（設(shè)立）目標(biāo)”。bringforth和putforward也是“提出”，但不能與aim搭配使用，我們可以說(shuō)：bringforthevidence，putforwardatheory(idea，plan，suggestion)。comeup意為“出現(xiàn)”“被提出”，作非及物動(dòng)詞用。本句意為：“他沒(méi)有完全達(dá)到教師在學(xué)期初提出的目標(biāo)?！?/p>

19.單選題

（

）foryourhelp,we’dneverhavebeenabletogetoverthedifficulties.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Haditnot

B.Ifitwerenot

C.Haditnotbeen

D.Ifwehadnotbeen

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣倒裝。當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞含有were、should、had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were、should、had等詞置于句首，構(gòu)成倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

句意：如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們永遠(yuǎn)也無(wú)法克服這些困難。

20.案例題

Learningshouldn'tbelimitedtoacampusoraclassroomanyone.Ifyouhavetwochildrenandajob,you'rejustnotgoingto（1）ittoacollegeclassroomthreenightsaweek.Andthenthere'stheissueofcost.Ifyoudon'thavethemoneytogotoa（2）college,doesthatmeanthatyoushouldn'treceiveaneducation?Ofcoursenot.Youshouldhaveashotatthegoodlife,justlikeanybodyelse.

TheInternethasbrought（3）toeducation.Abachelor'sdegreeoramatter'sdegreeisnowavailabletoanybody,anywhere,regardlessofaperson'spositioninlife.ThankstotheInternet,educationisaccessiblewithoutregardto（4）.Youcanworktowardabachelor'sdegreewhileservingyourcountyonasubmarine.Andifsaccessiblewithoutregardtotime：Youcantakecoursesafteryourshiftends,evenifthat'sat2A.m.

What'sthe（5）obstacletoonlinelearning?Itisn'ttechnology.Companiesarespendingbillionofdollarsgloballytobuildanonline-learninginfrastructurethatincludesunderseacables.Andcompetitionamongprovidersisdrivingpricedown.Therealbottleneckiscultural.Whatneedstobe（6）isresistancetotheideaofonlinelearning.

TheaccreditationofJonesInternationalUniversityinMarch1999wasashotheardaroundtheworldNobody（7）thatatotallyonlineuniversitycouldbecomeaccrediteD.ThatevenhasputrealpressureontraditionalinstitutionstomoveintotheThirdWave.

Innovativeinstructorsatinstitutionsworldwidearediscoveringthepotentialofthe（8）environmenttodeliverinstructionofthehighestqualitytopeoplewhowouldotherwisehavelimited（9）tohighereducation.Thisisanexcitingandchallengingtimeineducation.

Simplydefined,onlineeducationreferstocourses（10）viatheInternet.Theminimumrequirementforstudentstoparticipateinanonlinecourseisaccesstoacomputer,theInternet,and（11）tosucceedinanontraditionalclassroom,Onlinelearningsystemshave（12）thewaypeoplecantakeclasses.Unliketraditionalcoursesinwhichthestudentsandinstructormeetface-to-faceonceorseveraltimesaweek,mostofthelearningactivitiesandcommunicationinanonlinecourseareasynchronous,meaningthatclassmembersparticipateinandcompletetheirassignmentat（13）timesthroughoutthedayandweek.Thisarrangementcanmakeitpossibleforyoutodoyourclassworkwhenit'smostconvenientforyou.However,withthisincreasedfreedomand（14）comesresponsibility.Withoutthestructureof（15）classmeeting,itwillbeuptoyoutopaceyourselfandkeepupwithassignments.

Directions:Chooseoneappropriatewordfromthefollowingwordbanktofillintheblanksnumberedfrom1to15inthepassagebelow,Changethewordformwherenecessary.Rememberthebankcontainssomeextrawordsthatmaynotbeusedinfillinganyoftheblanks.WritethewordsintheircorrectformswiththecorrespondingnumbersontheAnswerSheet.

democracy

imagination

different

flexibility

overcome

online

offer

traditional

modern

regular

make

possess

place

perform

big

motivate

anticipate

access

revolutionize

difficult

【答案】1.make

2.traditional

3.democracy

4.place

5.biggest

6.overcome

7.anticipated

8.online

9.access

10.offered

11.motive

12.revolutionized

13.different

14.flexibility

15.regular

【解析】1.makeitto為固定搭配，意為“趕上，到達(dá)”。句意:如果你有兩個(gè)孩子和一份工作,那么你不可能趕上每周三個(gè)晚上的大學(xué)課程。

2.填空處需填入形容詞修飾大學(xué),結(jié)合選項(xiàng)和句意可知，traditional更符合原文語(yǔ)境。

3.根據(jù)下文：現(xiàn)在，任何人、任何地方都可以獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位或某一學(xué)科的學(xué)位，無(wú)論他的人生地位如何。所以這里應(yīng)該指網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來(lái)了教育的民主性。

4.根據(jù)下文：你可以在潛艇上服役的同時(shí)攻讀學(xué)士學(xué)位。說(shuō)明不限制地點(diǎn)，這與下文的不限制時(shí)間一樣，都是列舉出例子。所以這里應(yīng)填入place。

5.這里指：網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)最大的障礙是什么呢？

6.既然是障礙，當(dāng)然需要克服它。句意:人們需要克服的是,抵制網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)這種思想。

7.根據(jù)句意:沒(méi)有人預(yù)料到一個(gè)完全在線的大學(xué)居然能夠獲得認(rèn)可。

8.既然是網(wǎng)絡(luò)學(xué)校，當(dāng)然是網(wǎng)上授課的教學(xué)環(huán)境。所以這里填入online。

9.根據(jù)句意：世界各地教育機(jī)構(gòu)的創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)師正在發(fā)現(xiàn)，在線環(huán)境有潛力為那些原本接受高等教育機(jī)會(huì)有限的人提供最高質(zhì)量的教學(xué)。accessto指接近，有權(quán)利使用。符合原文句意。

10.句意:簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，在線教育是指通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)提供的課程。課程是被提供，所以這里應(yīng)填入offered。

11.句意：學(xué)生參加在線課程的最低要求是能夠接觸電腦、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，以及在非傳統(tǒng)課堂上取得成功的。也就是說(shuō)要達(dá)到成功的目的，所以這里填入motive恰當(dāng)。

12.句意：網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)徹底改變了人們上課接受知識(shí)的方式。

13.句意：與傳統(tǒng)的每周一次或幾次面對(duì)面授課的課程不同，在線課程中的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)和交流大多是不同步的，即班級(jí)成員在一天或一周的時(shí)間上課和完成作業(yè)。既然是不同步的，當(dāng)然也是在不同的時(shí)間上課和完成作業(yè)，所以這里填入different。

14.根據(jù)句意和句中的and可知，填空處應(yīng)填入與自由意思相近的名詞，選項(xiàng)中只有flexibility最恰當(dāng)。

15.根據(jù)下文的uptoyou可推測(cè)，上一句是指沒(méi)有定期的班會(huì)了。所以這里填入regular。

21.單選題

—Doyouregretpaying500dollarsforyournecklace?

—No.Iwouldgladlypay（）forit.