考研考博-英語-南昌理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南昌理工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Theoldladyhasdevelopeda（）coughwhichcannotbecuredcompletelyinashorttime.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.permanent

C.chronic

D.sustained

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。perpetual“永久的，不斷的”；permanent“固定的，永恒的，不變的”；chronic“慢性的，長期的”；sustained“持續(xù)的，持久的”。句意：這位老婦人患了慢性咳嗽，不能在短時間內(nèi)完全治好。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

2.單選題

Thetownplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancialoutlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectedincreasedtax（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.efficiency

B.revenues

C.privileges

D.validity

【答案】B

【解析】efficiency效率;revenue收入,稅收;privilege特權(quán),特免;validity有效性,合法性。句意：城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃局表示,下一年的財(cái)政前景是樂觀的,他們期望能夠增加稅收收入。

3.翻譯題

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

【答案】盡管我們對“學(xué)習(xí)”的理解不盡完善，然而我們對此已有不少了解?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”可以呈現(xiàn)不同的形式，也可以在許多情況下進(jìn)行。一般來說，“學(xué)習(xí)”必然會引起行為的變化?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”導(dǎo)致人們行為發(fā)生變化時，這種變化常能持久?！皩W(xué)習(xí)”也許意味著對一系列細(xì)小而不相關(guān)的行為按新的順序重新排列。就好比你在鋼琴上學(xué)習(xí)彈奏一首新的曲子。

4.單選題

The___atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.confinement

B.convention

C.discipline

D.principle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)confinement“限制；監(jiān)禁；分娩”；B選項(xiàng)convention“大會；[法]慣例；[計(jì)]約定；[法]協(xié)定；習(xí)俗”；C選項(xiàng)discipline“學(xué)科；紀(jì)律；訓(xùn)練；懲罰”；D選項(xiàng)principle“原理；原則；主義；道義；本質(zhì)；本義；根源；源泉”。句意：這所軍事學(xué)校的___太嚴(yán)格了，學(xué)生們幾乎無法忍受。本句表達(dá)“軍事學(xué)校的紀(jì)律”，因此選項(xiàng)C正確。

5.單選題

SuchalarmsreflectedtheAlsop’stendencytocloaktheiranalysesinportentoustermsofdreadanddismay.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ominous

B.foppish

C.gregarious

D.remunerative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)ominous“預(yù)兆的；不吉利的”；B選項(xiàng)foppish“浮華的；矯飾的；有紈绔習(xí)氣的”；C選項(xiàng)gregarious“社交的；群居的”；D選項(xiàng)remunerative“有利可圖的；有報(bào)酬的；合算的”。句意：這樣的警告反映了阿爾索普家族傾向于用可怕的恐懼和沮喪來掩蓋他們的分析。portentous“不祥的；預(yù)兆的；令人驚訝的”。A選項(xiàng)與該詞意思最相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.

Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,FlA.dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.

“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.

Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.

Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInC.paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.

LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.

LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.

AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.

Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1,50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized"content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.

Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.

SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,FlA.leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.

Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.

MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks―payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.

AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.

Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInC.forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.

KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,LA.discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.

Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.

Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.

“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”

1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere（）.

3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?

4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?

5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto（）.

6.WhatdoesTurkerNationdo?

7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?

8.Whatisprobablythetitleforthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.

B.Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.

C.AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.

D.Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreely

B.professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfree

C.peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpert

D.clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.

B.BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.

C.BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.

D.BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.$3to$3.5.

B.$10.

C.$6.5to$7.

D.$5.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph

B.serveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed

C.helpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase

D.findsomeone’semailaddress

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

B.Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.

C.Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.

D.Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.

B.Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

C.TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.

D.Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.ExpertsonLine

B.SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCash

C.SuccessinRecessionTime

D.PromisingOnlineEconomy

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:C

第6題:D

第7題:C

第8題:A

【解析】1.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的是各領(lǐng)域的收費(fèi)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站興起，使得越來越多的專業(yè)人士通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)賺錢。故B項(xiàng)“越來越多的人利用他們的專業(yè)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上賺錢”比較符合文章大意。

2.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出：Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.（埃斯特斯申請成為LivePersonInc.的一名“專家”，這是一家客戶付費(fèi)與各領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)人士和顧問在線聊天的網(wǎng)站）。因此D項(xiàng)“客戶為與專業(yè)人士的在線交流時間而付費(fèi)”正確。

3.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出：Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.（隨著人們不斷轉(zhuǎn)向網(wǎng)絡(luò)找工作，鍵盤勞動力網(wǎng)站越來越受歡迎）。因此B項(xiàng)“因?yàn)楦嗟娜嗽诰W(wǎng)上找工作”正確。

4.【試題解析】判斷推理題。第七段指出：Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%（網(wǎng)站收取30%到35%的傭金）。由此可算出，如果客戶支付10美元，網(wǎng)站抽取傭金3—3.5美元，專家將獲得6.5—7美元，故選C。

5.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第十五段指出：Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.（亞馬遜土耳其機(jī)器人的副總裁SharonChiarella說：這個網(wǎng)站——為一個18世紀(jì)的噱頭命名，涉及一個包著頭巾的會下國際象棋的“機(jī)器”，里而隱藏著一個真正的國際象棋大師——一開始是作為一種幫助亞馬遜管理其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫的方法）。因此C項(xiàng)“幫助亞馬遜管理其產(chǎn)品數(shù)據(jù)庫”正確。

6.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第四段指出：MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.（MechanicalTurk用戶有一個獨(dú)立的網(wǎng)站叫土耳其國家（），該網(wǎng)站評估索求的公司和支付任務(wù)，這樣員工可以在接受任務(wù)之前檢查公司的記錄）。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

7.【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。倒數(shù)第二段指出：Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.（克努森女士現(xiàn)在花大部分的時間為客戶轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)音頻和視頻，一周工作30個小時賺取約250美元）。因此，C項(xiàng)“為客戶轉(zhuǎn)錄網(wǎng)絡(luò)音頻和視頻”正確。

8.【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章主要講的是各領(lǐng)域的收費(fèi)服務(wù)網(wǎng)站興起，使得越來越多的專業(yè)人士通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)賺錢。因此，A項(xiàng)“在線專家”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

7.單選題

Fortune-tellersaregoodatmaking___statementssuchas“Yoursorrowswillchange”.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.philosophical

B.ambiguous

C.literal

D.invalid

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)philosophical“哲學(xué)的（等于philosophic）；冷靜的”；B選項(xiàng)ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱兩可的；不明確的，不明朗的；引起歧義的”；C選項(xiàng)literal“文字的；逐字的；無夸張的”；D選項(xiàng)invalid“無效的；有病的；殘疾的”。句意：算命的人擅長說一些模棱兩可的話，比如“你的悲傷會變的”。根據(jù)句意，B選項(xiàng)正確。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandliveitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,blitzeverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.

2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.

5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ratherbleak

B.veryimpressive

C.fairlybright

D.quiteencouraging

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.upset

B.alarmed

C.uncertain

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段第二句“…27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatsufficienttosurviveinoursociety.2700萬美國人根本不能進(jìn)行閱讀，還有3500萬美國人的閱讀水平足以在我們的社會中生存?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“相當(dāng)凄涼的”與原文相符。B項(xiàng)“令人印象深刻”；C項(xiàng)“非常有希望的”；D項(xiàng)“非常令人鼓舞”。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句“Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence…但是，今天我自己所擔(dān)心的，與其說是基本識字這一壓倒一切的問題，還不如說是一個稍微奢侈一點(diǎn)的問題：甚至是中產(chǎn)階級讀者的閱讀技能在下降，他們不愿給自己留出沉默的空間……”可知D項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級的閱讀能力和閱讀行為”與原文相符。A項(xiàng)“小學(xué)生對閱讀經(jīng)典名著不感興趣”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；B項(xiàng)“美國社會讀寫能力出奇的低”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；C項(xiàng)“美國讀者需要閱讀的音樂背景”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第二段第四句“Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration...這種對專注、沉默和孤獨(dú)的侵犯觸及了我們對識字概念的核心；這種在背景干擾下的部分閱讀、部分感知的新形式，使得某些基本的理解和集中行為變得不可能……”可知C項(xiàng)“他們?nèi)狈Ｗ⒑突纠斫狻迸c原文相符。A項(xiàng)“他們喜歡音樂和電視節(jié)目”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；B項(xiàng)“他們對各種形式的藝術(shù)和文學(xué)的忽視”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；D項(xiàng)“他們不能專注于相沖突的信息”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第三行中“…letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.更不用說對一首他或她真正喜歡的詩歌或散文最重要的贊頌了，那就是把它熟記在心。不是靠頭腦，而是靠記憶；這種表達(dá)方式至關(guān)重要?！笨芍狝項(xiàng)“為了能夠欣賞它并記住它”與原文相符。B項(xiàng)“分析其本質(zhì)特征”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；C項(xiàng)“認(rèn)真考慮它”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)；D項(xiàng)“對其藝術(shù)價值做出公正的評價”，原文并沒有相關(guān)表達(dá)。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.在圖書行業(yè)中，沒有人可以自信地說出我們所知曉的圖書的未來將是什么?！笨芍狢項(xiàng)“不確定的”正確。A項(xiàng)“不安的”；B項(xiàng)“擔(dān)心的”；D項(xiàng)“悲觀的”。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

9.單選題

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adverse“不利的；相反的；敵對的”；B選項(xiàng)maximum“最多的；最大極限的”；C選項(xiàng)constrained“拘泥的；被強(qiáng)迫的；不舒服的”；D選項(xiàng)serene“平靜的；晴朗的”。句意：在這場暴風(fēng)來臨之前，我們?nèi)釒Ш┒燃賱俚氐亩燃偈欠浅Ｆ届o的。結(jié)合此處語義，D選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge負(fù)責(zé)；accuse指控；rectify改正。句意：句意：他是唯一能為這個案件作證的人，因?yàn)槠渌C人都被神秘殺害了。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

11.翻譯題

Doyouseetheglassashalffullratherthanhalfempty?Doyoukeepyoureyeuponthedoughnut,notuponthehollow?Suddenlytheseclichésarescientificquestions,asresearchersscrutinizethepowerofpositivethinking.

Afast-growingbodyofresearchisprovingthatoptimismcanhelpyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful;pessimismleads,bycontrast,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedtodepression,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.“Ifyoucouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,”sayspsychologistCraig,“itwouldbelikeinoculatingthemagainstthesementalills.”

Yourabilitiescount,butthebeliefthatyoucansucceedaffectswhetherornotyouwill.Inpart,that’sbecauseoptimistsandpessimistsdealwiththesamechallengesanddisappointmentsinverydifferentways.

Take,forexample,yourjob.Inamajorstudy,psychologistSeligmanandhiscolleaguesurveyedsalesrepresentativesataLifeInsuranceCompany.Theyfoundthatthepositivethinkersamonglongtimerepresentativessold37percentmoreinsurancethandidthenegativethinkers.Ofnewlyhiredrepresentatives,optimistssold20percentmore.Howdidtheydoit?Thesecrettoanoptimist’ssuccessisinhis“explanatorystyle.”Whenthingsgowrong,thepessimisttendstoblamehimself,whiletheoptimistlooksforloopholes.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistseessuccessasafluke.

Negativeorpositive,itwasaself-fulfillingprophecy.“Ifpeoplefeelhopeless,theydon’tbothertoacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed,”saysCraig.

Asenseofcontrolisthelitmustestforsuccess.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Thepessimistfeelslikefate’splaythingandmovesslowly.Hedoesn’tseeadvice,sinceheassumesnothingcanbedone.Optimistsmaythinktheyarebetterthanthefactswouldjustifyandsometimesthat’swhatkeepsthemalive.Dr.SandraLeveyofPittsburgCancerInstitutestudiedwomenwithadvancedbreastcancer.Forthewomenwhoweregenerallyoptimistic,therewasalongerdisease-freeinterval,thebestpredictorofsurvival.Inapilotstudyofwomenintheearlystagesofbreastcancer,Dr.Leveyfoundthediseaserecurredsooneramongthepessimists.

【答案】【參考譯文】你看到的玻璃杯是半滿的還是半空的？你的眼睛是盯著炸面圈還是中間的那個洞？當(dāng)研究者們仔細(xì)觀察積極思維的力量時，這些陳詞濫調(diào)突然間都成了科學(xué)問題。

迅速增多的大量研究工作證明樂觀的態(tài)度可以使你更快樂、更健康、更成功。與此相反，悲觀則導(dǎo)致無望、疾病以及失敗，它與沮喪、孤獨(dú)、令人苦惱的靦腆密切相關(guān)。心理學(xué)家克雷格說：“如果你能夠教會人們更積極地思考，那就如同為他們注射了預(yù)防這些心理疾病的疫苗?！?/p>

你的能力固然重要，但你能成功的信念影響到你是否真能成功。在某種程度上，這是由于樂觀者和悲觀者以截然不同的方式對待同樣的挑戰(zhàn)和失望。

以你的工作為例。心理學(xué)家塞利格曼和他的同事對一家人壽保險(xiǎn)公司的推銷員進(jìn)行了廣泛調(diào)查。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在工齡較長的推銷員中，積極思考者比消極思考者要多推銷37%的保險(xiǎn)額。在新雇傭的推銷員中，樂觀主義者則多銷了20%。他們是如何做的呢？樂觀主義者成功的秘訣就在于他的“歸因方式”。出了問題之后，悲觀主義者傾向于自責(zé)，樂觀主義者則尋找漏洞。當(dāng)一切順利時，樂觀主義者看成是自己的功勞，而悲觀主義者只把成功視為僥幸。

無論是消極還是積極，都是一種本身會成為事實(shí)的預(yù)言?？死赘裾f：“如果人們感到?jīng)]有希望，他們就不會費(fèi)事去獲得成功所需的技能?！?/p>

控制感是成功的試金石。樂觀者能夠掌握自己的命運(yùn)。悲觀者則感到自己只能任由命運(yùn)擺布，行動拖拉。既然認(rèn)為毫無辦法，他便不去尋求指點(diǎn)。樂觀主義者也許認(rèn)為自己比事實(shí)能夠證明的要強(qiáng)——有時正是這一點(diǎn)使他們充滿生機(jī)。匹茲堡腫瘤研究所的桑德拉?利維博士對患晚期乳腺癌的婦女進(jìn)行了研究。對那些通常持樂觀態(tài)度的婦女來說，兩次發(fā)病間隔的時間較長，而這是生存下去的最好預(yù)兆。在一次對早期乳腺癌婦女的小規(guī)模試驗(yàn)性研究中，利維博士發(fā)現(xiàn)這一疾病在悲觀主義者身上復(fù)發(fā)更早。

12.單選題

Hopehelps.Itkeepsusgoinginbleaktimesandamid（）news.Buthopehasmorecredibilitywhenwecanpointtothereasonforit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disheartened

B.disheartening

C.enlightening

D.enlightened

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。disheartening“使沮喪”；disheartened“沮喪的”；enlightening“使人領(lǐng)悟的”；enlightened“被啟發(fā)的”。根據(jù)題意，空格中的形容詞用來形容news，形容物體用-ing形式的形容詞，選項(xiàng)A，D可排除。句意：希望是有幫助的。在暗淡的時光和令人沮喪的消息中，能夠保持繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。但是希望更讓人信服，當(dāng)我們有理由去相信的時候。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

13.單選題

Robertsaysheboughtthesebooksina.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposal

B.bargain

C.reduction

D.sale

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)disposaln.處理，支配；B選項(xiàng)bargainn.交易，便宜貨，契約；C選項(xiàng)reductionn.減少，下降；D選項(xiàng)salen.銷售，出售，拍賣，廉價出售。根據(jù)句意可知，Robert說這些書都是打折時候買的。因此，D項(xiàng)是正確答案。

14.單選題

Manyleadersofthechurchesarenowsayingthatpreparationfordemolishinganentirehumancityisinherentlyimmoral.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.developing

B.deserting

C.designing

D.destroying

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.developing發(fā)展B.deserting拋棄

C.designing設(shè)計(jì)D.destroying破壞

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接

【解題思路】劃線部分語義為“準(zhǔn)備____整個人類城市”，后文提到“（這）本來就是不道德的”，原詞demolish“破壞；摧毀”。因此，D選項(xiàng)destroying“破壞”最符合原文。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)developing“發(fā)展”，不符合語義銜接；

B選項(xiàng)deserting“拋棄”，不符合原文語義；

C選項(xiàng)designing“設(shè)計(jì)”，不符合語義銜接。

【句意】現(xiàn)在許多教會領(lǐng)袖說，準(zhǔn)備摧毀整個人類城市本來就是不道德的。

15.單選題

DuringtheWorldWarII,theshabbylittlebarsuccessfullyharboredmanyJewswhowouldotherwisehavebeenslaughteredbyHitler.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.shivered

B.shoveled

C.sheltered

D.shuttled

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。harbor“庇護(hù)；懷有”；A選項(xiàng)shiver“顫抖；打碎”；B選項(xiàng)shovel“鏟除；用鏟挖”；C選項(xiàng)shelter“保護(hù)；使掩蔽；庇護(hù)”；D選項(xiàng)shuttle“使穿梭般來回移動；短程穿梭般運(yùn)送”。句意：第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，這家破舊的小酒吧成功地收留了許多猶太人，否則他們可能會被希特勒屠殺。文中提到“slaughteredbyHitler被希特勒屠殺”，可推知harbored在這里有“庇護(hù)”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

1.Theideawasapowerfulvariableinexplainingwhysomecountriesfaredfarbetterthanothers:topromoteincomegrowthovermanyyears,heavyinvestmentinschoolingwasnecessary.Andithelpedexplaintheshrinkageoffamiliesinwealthycountries:ifincreasingvalueisplacedonhumancapital,parentsmustinvestmoreineachchild,makinglargefamiliescostly.ManycriticsbristledatBecker’smarket-drivenlogic,whichseemedtoreducepeopletocold,calculatingmachine.

2.Whichisit?Thehomeoffreespeech,theruleoflawandtherichworld’smostdynamiceconomy?Oralandofsocialdecay,septicpoliticsandtherichworld’sworstroadsandschools?Americadividesforeignobserves.Itdividesforeignfirms,too.Somebossesfallheadoverheelsforitsinsatiableconsumersanddazzlingtechnology.Otherexecutivesareputoffbyitsinsufferablelawyersandhypocriticalprotectionism.DonaldTrumppromisestogiveforeignfirmsarudeawakeningwhenhereachestheWhiteHouse:lastmonthhebeatupToyotaformakingcarsinMexicoandsellingthemnorthoftheborder.ButintruthmanyforeignfirmsfelloutoflovewithAmericayearsago.

【答案】1.在解釋為何一些國家比其他國家過得好得多時，這個觀點(diǎn)是一個強(qiáng)有力的變量：對教育進(jìn)行大量的投資是有必要的，為了促進(jìn)多年來的收入增長。而且該觀點(diǎn)也有助于解釋富裕國家里的家庭規(guī)模縮小的原因：如果人力資本的價值不斷増加，那么父母就必須要為在每個孩子身上投入更多，而這會使得大家庭的成本更大。許多批評者對貝克爾的市場驅(qū)動邏輯感到憤怒，該邏輯似乎讓人變得冷漠、精于計(jì)算。

2.美國屬于哪一種呢？是言論自由、法治之地、富裕世界中最具活力的經(jīng)濟(jì)體？還是社會墮落、政治腐敗、道路和學(xué)校狀況都是發(fā)達(dá)國家中最糟糕的國家？外國觀察家對美國的情況看法不一。外國公司也同樣如此。一些老板為其無法滿足的消費(fèi)者和眼花繚亂的技術(shù)而神魂顛倒。其他高管則對其令人難以忍受的律師和虛偽的保護(hù)主義而感到厭惡。唐納德?特朗普承諾當(dāng)他入主白宮后，會讓外國公司如夢初醒：上個月，他嚴(yán)厲譴責(zé)了豐田在墨西哥生產(chǎn)汽車并向美國北部銷售的行為。但事實(shí)上，許多外國公司在多年前就失去了對美國的興趣了。

17.單選題

Fromthehistory,wecansee,eventhesmallestdiplomaticincidentcan（

）amajorinternationalconflict.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.animate

B.energize

C.trigger

D.prompt

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。animate使有生氣；energize激勵；使活躍；trigger觸發(fā)；prompt鼓勵，促進(jìn)。根據(jù)題干內(nèi)容可猜測：小小的外交事故可能會誘發(fā)重大的國際沖突。句意：從歷史上我們可以看到，即使是最小的外交事件也可能誘發(fā)重大的國際沖突。

18.單選題

I'msorry（

）solong,forgottotellyouinadvancewhereIhadputmykey.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.tokeepyouwait

B.tokeepyouwaiting

C.tokeepyouwaited

D.tohavekeptyouwaiting

【答案】D

【解析】考查不定式。動詞不定式的完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)為：tohavedone（表示動作已完成），句中“wait”這個動作已完成，keepsb.doingsth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”。

句意：很抱歉讓你久等了，忘了事先告訴你我把鑰匙放在哪兒了。

19.單選題

Lovedoesnot________gazingateachother,butinlookingtogetherinthesamedirection.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.phasein

B.fadein

C.givein

D.consistin

【答案】D

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.phasein逐步采用，逐步到位B.fadein漸顯，漸強(qiáng)

C.givein讓步，投降D.consistin在于，存在于

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞詞組辨析。

【解題思路】由but可知，前后兩個分句之間存在轉(zhuǎn)折的邏輯關(guān)系，后半句說到“而在于注視著同一個方向（inthesamedirection）”，與其相對的是“注視彼此（eachother）”，本句表達(dá)的是愛情的意義和特點(diǎn)，即愛情是什么，在于什么。consistin指作為基本或主要部分和特征，因此D選項(xiàng)consistin“在于，存在于”最符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)phasein“逐步采用，逐步到位”指在一段時間內(nèi)逐漸開始使用某物或做某事，通常使用被動語態(tài)，且不符合題干的語義邏輯；

B選項(xiàng)fadein“漸顯，漸強(qiáng)”指變得更清楚或更大聲，后面不接動詞，且不符合題干的語義邏輯；

C選項(xiàng)givein“讓步，投降”指接受一直在抵制或反對的事情，后面不接動詞，且不符合題干的語義邏輯。

【句意】愛情不在于彼此凝視，而在于注視著同一個方向。

20.單選題

Thiscompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy（）payrisesarerelatedtoperformancesatwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.which

B.where

C.whether

D.what

【答案】B

【解析】考查引導(dǎo)詞辨析。從語義上分析，后半句應(yīng)是修飾policy的一個定語從句。which不可以用來引導(dǎo)該定語從句，因?yàn)閣hich總要在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。whether與what不引導(dǎo)定語從句。where相當(dāng)于inwhich。當(dāng)然，與where相比，在從句中我們更常用whereby來充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。