考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川水利職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川水利職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Writeacompositioninthetitle“OnAgingSociety”basedonthefollowinggivenoutline.Yourcompositionshouldbeabout150Englishwords.PleasewriteyourcompositionontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】ThereisaclassicquestioninChinawhichmayseembizarreintheeyesofforeigners:shouldwehelptheoldpeoplewhofelldownonthestreet?Thetopiciscontroversialbecauseithappenedthatpeoplewhohelpedtheoldpeoplegotthemselvesintrouble.Ibelieveweshouldalwaysofferassistancetoseniorpeoplewhofelldown,becauseifwedon’t,citizenshipwillneverprevail.

Thisdilemmashowsthelackoftrustamongusandithasbeentranslatedintotheindifferencetoothers,consideringthatwehaveenteredintoa“societyofstrangers”.Andthesituationhasbeenworsenedbytheunpleasantcasesthathavehappened.Butifwewanttoseechanges,weneedtodotherightthing,andifweallchoosetodoso,therewillbenoroomfordeceptionandblackmail.Inthatcase,justicewillgaintheupperhand.

Itismoreimportantforthegovernmentandpublicmediatoformanagreeableenvironmentthatencouragespeopletodotherightthing.Ontheonehand,Thegovernmentshoulduseitshardpowertoestablishlawstoprotectpeoplewhoofferhelpandpunishthosetakingadvantageofpeople’skindness.Ontheotherhand,publicmediashouldmakefulluseofitssoftpowertoraisepeople’sawarenessofcitizenship.Ithastotellpeoplewhatisrightandwhatiswrong,andshouldnothypethebadexamplesinwhichkindheartedpeoplegetextorted.

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Nocompanylikestobetolditiscontributingtothemoraldeclineofanation.“Isthiswhatyouintendedtoaccomplishwithyourcareers?”SenatorRobertDoleaskedTimeWarnerexecutiveslastweek.“Youhavesoldyoursouls,butmustyoucorruptournationandthreatenourchildrenaswell?”AtTimeWarner,however,suchquestionsaresimplythelatestmanifestationofthesoul-searchingthathasinvolvedthecompanyeversincethecompanywasbornin1990.It’saself-examinationthathas,atvarioustimes,involvedissuesofresponsibility,creativefreedomandthecorporatebottomline.

AtthecoreofthisdebateisthechairmanGeraldLevin,56,whotookoverforthelateSteveRossin1992.Onthefinancialfront,Levinisunderpressuretoraisethestockpriceandreducethecompany’smountainousdebt,whichwillincreasetoS17.3billionaftertwonewcabledealsclose.Hehaspromisedtoselloffsomeofthepropertyandrestructurethecompany,butinvestorsarewaitingimpatiently.

Theflapoverrapisnotmakinglikeanyeasierforhim.Levinhasconsistentlydefendedthecompany’srapmusiconthegroundsofexpression.In1992,whenTimeWarnerwasunderfireforreleasingIce-T’sviolentrapsongCopKiller,Levindescribedrapasalawfulexpressionofstreetculture,whichdeservesanoutlet.“Thetestofanydemocraticsociety,”hewroteinaWallStreetJournalcolumn,“l(fā)iesnotinhowwellitcancontrolexpressionbutinwhetheritgivesfreedomofthoughtandexpressionthewidestpossiblelatitude,howeverdisputableorirritatingtheresultsmaysometimesbe.Wewon’tretreatinthefaceofanythreats.”

Levinwouldnotcommentonthedebatelastweek,butthereweresignsthatthechairmanwasbackingoffhishard-linestand,atleasttosomeextent.Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholder’meeting,Levinassertedthat“musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills”andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe“balancedstruggle”betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.

The15memberTimeWarnerboardisgenerallysupportiveofLevinandhiscorporatestrategy.Butinsiderssayseveralofthemhaveshowntheirconcernsinthismatter.“Someofushaveknownformany,manyyearsthatthefreedomsundertheFirstAmendmentarenottotallyunlimited,”saysLuce,“Ithinkitisperhapsthecasethatsomepeopleassociatedwiththecompanyhaveonlyrecentlycometorealizethis.”

1.SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor______.

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.Levin,accordingtothetext,isprobably______.

4.Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,thechairman______.

5.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.itsself-examinationofsoul

B.itsemphasisoncreativefreedom

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibility

D.itsraisingofthecorporatestockprice

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.SteveRossisnolongeralive.

B.GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.

C.LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.

D.TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.adefendantofrapmusic

B.apioneerofstreetculture

C.anadvocateofmusicreform

D.anopponentofmusicinnovation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.changedhisattitudeandyieldedtoobjection

B.softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicy

C.receivedmoresupportfromthe15-memberboard

D.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpression

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ADebateonMoralDecline

B.AFormofCreativeFreedom

C.ALawfulOutletofStreetCulture

D.ACompanyunderFire

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

1.SenatorRobertDolecriticizedTimeWarnerfor______.1.參議員羅伯特?多爾指責(zé)時(shí)代華納公司______。

A.itsself-examinationofsoulA.對(duì)靈魂的反省

B.itsemphasisoncreativefreedomB.對(duì)創(chuàng)作自由的強(qiáng)調(diào)

C.itsneglectofsocialresponsibilityC.對(duì)社會(huì)責(zé)任的忽視

D.itsraisingofthecorporatestockpriceD.對(duì)抬高公司股價(jià)的行為

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干定位至第一段的內(nèi)容“沒(méi)有一家公司樂(lè)意聽(tīng)到別人說(shuō)自己引起了社會(huì)的道德敗壞。參議員羅伯特?多爾上星期質(zhì)問(wèn)時(shí)代華納公司高級(jí)人員時(shí)說(shuō)：‘難道這就是你們要成就的事業(yè)嗎？你們已經(jīng)出賣(mài)了自己的靈魂，難道你們還非要腐化我們的國(guó)家，威脅我們的孩子不成？’”可知，多爾指責(zé)的是該公司帶來(lái)的社會(huì)影響；然后根據(jù)第三段最后一句中公司董事長(zhǎng)萊文的話“任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的檢驗(yàn)不在于它能多有效地控制各種情感的表達(dá)，而在于是否給予了人們思考和表達(dá)的最廣泛的自由”，也就是說(shuō)強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)作自由，而后第四段萊文改變態(tài)度，倒數(shù)第二句提到“但他也談到了創(chuàng)作自由和社會(huì)責(zé)任之間要保持平衡的問(wèn)題”，可見(jiàn)，多爾參議員所指責(zé)的正是公司的音樂(lè)作品所帶來(lái)的不良社會(huì)影響，即忽視了社會(huì)責(zé)任，故該題選擇C項(xiàng)“對(duì)社會(huì)責(zé)任的忽視”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“對(duì)靈魂的反省”，第一段倒數(shù)第二句指出“對(duì)時(shí)代沃納公司來(lái)說(shuō)，多爾所質(zhì)疑的問(wèn)題只不過(guò)是公司自1990年創(chuàng)立以來(lái)一直所進(jìn)行的自我反?。╯oul-searching）的最新表述”可知，多爾質(zhì)疑的這些問(wèn)題是該公司對(duì)自身的反省，但并不是多爾真正指責(zé)的地方，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

B項(xiàng)“對(duì)創(chuàng)作自由的強(qiáng)調(diào)”根據(jù)解題思路來(lái)看，多爾并沒(méi)有關(guān)心該公司的創(chuàng)作自由，而是該公司董事長(zhǎng)萊文關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)，該項(xiàng)張冠李戴；

D項(xiàng)“對(duì)抬高公司股價(jià)的行為”根據(jù)解題思路來(lái)看，多爾關(guān)心的并不是該公司的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，該項(xiàng)出處錯(cuò)位。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

2.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingisTRUE?2.根據(jù)文章，下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是正確的？

A.SteveRossisnolongeralive.A.斯蒂夫?羅斯已經(jīng)去世了。

B.GeraldLevinisliabletocompromise.B.杰拉爾德?萊文很容易妥協(xié)。

C.LuceisaspokesmanofTimeWarner.C.盧斯是時(shí)代華納的發(fā)言人。

D.TimeWarnerisunitedasoneinthefaceofthedebate.D.面對(duì)這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論，時(shí)代華納團(tuán)結(jié)一致。

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第二段第一句“于1992年接替已故董事長(zhǎng)斯蒂夫?羅斯（thelateSteveRoss）的56歲的現(xiàn)任董事長(zhǎng)杰拉德?萊文是爭(zhēng)論的焦點(diǎn)人物”可知，前董事長(zhǎng)斯蒂夫?羅斯已經(jīng)去世了，其中l(wèi)ate表示“遲到的，已故的”，一般來(lái)講，該詞加在人名或稱呼前時(shí)譯作“已故的”，所以該題選擇A項(xiàng)“斯蒂夫?羅斯已經(jīng)去世了”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B項(xiàng)“杰拉爾德?萊文很容易妥協(xié)”根據(jù)第三段最后一句萊文所說(shuō)的話“任何一個(gè)民主社會(huì)的檢驗(yàn)不在于它能多有效地控制各種情感的表達(dá)，而在于是否給予了人們思考和表達(dá)的最廣泛的自由，盡管有時(shí)這種結(jié)果會(huì)引起爭(zhēng)論和憤怒。我們不會(huì)在任何威脅面前退卻?！笨梢钥闯?，萊文并非是個(gè)易于妥協(xié)的人，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“盧斯是時(shí)代華納的發(fā)言人”，根據(jù)最后一段第二三句“但內(nèi)部人士（insiders）表示，他們中的一些人已經(jīng)表達(dá)了對(duì)此事的擔(dān)憂。魯斯說(shuō)，我們中的一些人多年來(lái)早就知道憲法第一修正案所說(shuō)的自由并非毫無(wú)限制，我想與公司有關(guān)系的一些人可能是最近才意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)?！笨芍脑捳f(shuō)明了公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)內(nèi)部對(duì)處理創(chuàng)作自由和社會(huì)影響這一對(duì)矛盾上的不同看法、也暗含著對(duì)公司一貫政策（過(guò)于強(qiáng)調(diào)創(chuàng)作自由）的批評(píng)；可見(jiàn)，他并非公司指派的發(fā)言人，而僅代表自己，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“面對(duì)這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論，時(shí)代華納團(tuán)結(jié)一致”根據(jù)C項(xiàng)的解題思路可知，時(shí)代華納公司內(nèi)部并非團(tuán)結(jié)一致的，該項(xiàng)曲解原文。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

3.Levin,accordingtothetext,isprobably______.3.根據(jù)文章，萊文可能是______。

A.adefendantofrapmusicA.說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)的被告人

B.apioneerofstreetcultureB.街頭文化的先驅(qū)

C.anadvocateofmusicreformC.音樂(lè)改革的倡導(dǎo)者

D.anopponentofmusicinnovationD.音樂(lè)創(chuàng)新的反對(duì)者

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第三段第二句“萊文一向以它（說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)）是一種富于表現(xiàn)力的演唱方式為理由來(lái)捍衛(wèi)公司的說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)”和第三句“1992年公司因出品Ice-T樂(lè)隊(duì)狂暴的說(shuō)唱歌曲《警察殺手》后備受譴責(zé)時(shí)，萊文說(shuō)這是街頭文化的合法表達(dá)方式，它應(yīng)該有自己的宣泄途徑”可知，萊文對(duì)于說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)是非常擁護(hù)的，并且他認(rèn)為這是街頭文化的一種合法表達(dá)方式，綜合理解可以推斷，萊文可能是街頭文化的先驅(qū)者，所以B項(xiàng)“街頭文化的先驅(qū)”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)的被告人”根據(jù)解題思路可知，萊文是支持說(shuō)唱音樂(lè)的，不可能成為其被告人，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C項(xiàng)“音樂(lè)改革的倡導(dǎo)者”，原文沒(méi)有提及音樂(lè)改革，該項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有；

D項(xiàng)“音樂(lè)創(chuàng)新的反對(duì)者”根據(jù)第四段最后一句“萊文還宣布公司將致力于為一些人們可能會(huì)反感的音樂(lè)制定發(fā)行和標(biāo)識(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”可知，萊文并不反對(duì)，反而很支持，該項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

4.Infaceoftherecentattacksonthecompany,thechairman______.4.面對(duì)最近對(duì)公司的攻擊，董事長(zhǎng)______。

A.changedhisattitudeandyieldedtoobjectionA.改變了態(tài)度，不再反對(duì)

B.softenedhistoneandadoptedsomenewpolicyB.語(yǔ)氣變軟，并采取了一些新政策

C.receivedmoresupportfromthe15-memberboardC.從15名董事會(huì)成員那里得到了更多支持

D.stucktoastrongstandtodefendfreedomofexpressionD.堅(jiān)持捍衛(wèi)言論自由的強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】第四段第一句指出“萊文不愿對(duì)上周的辯論做出評(píng)論，但有跡象表明這位董事長(zhǎng)的強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)起碼在一定程度上有所緩和”可知，萊文強(qiáng)硬的語(yǔ)氣有所緩和，然后他舉了他兒子的例子強(qiáng)調(diào)音樂(lè)并不會(huì)引起社會(huì)丑惡現(xiàn)象，接著最后兩句指出“但他也談到了創(chuàng)作自由和社會(huì)責(zé)任之間要保持平衡的問(wèn)題。他還宣布公司將致力于為一些人們可能會(huì)反感的音樂(lè)制定發(fā)行和標(biāo)識(shí)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！笨梢?jiàn)，萊文在做出妥協(xié)姿態(tài)的同時(shí)，也采取了實(shí)際的行動(dòng)，所以B項(xiàng)“語(yǔ)氣變軟，并采取了一些新政策”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“改變了態(tài)度，不再反對(duì)”根據(jù)解題思路可知，萊文只是在一定程度上進(jìn)行了讓步，并不是完全不反對(duì)，該項(xiàng)曲解原文；

C項(xiàng)“從15名董事會(huì)成員那里得到了更多支持”，根據(jù)最后一段第二三句“但內(nèi)部人士表示，他們中的一些人已經(jīng)表達(dá)了對(duì)此事的擔(dān)憂。魯斯說(shuō)，我們中的一些人多年來(lái)早就知道憲法第一修正案所說(shuō)的自由并非毫無(wú)限制，我想與公司有關(guān)系的一些人可能是最近才意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)?！笨芍?，公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)內(nèi)部對(duì)處理創(chuàng)作自由和社會(huì)影響這一對(duì)矛盾上有不同看法，換言之董事會(huì)意見(jiàn)出現(xiàn)了分歧，該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文；

D項(xiàng)“堅(jiān)持捍衛(wèi)言論自由的強(qiáng)硬立場(chǎng)”根據(jù)解題思路可知，萊文在一定程度上進(jìn)行了讓步，所以該項(xiàng)屬于曲解原文。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

5.Thebesttitleforthistextcouldbe______.5.這篇文章最好的標(biāo)題是______。

A.ADebateonMoralDeclineA.關(guān)于道德淪喪的爭(zhēng)論

B.AFormofCreativeFreedomB.一種創(chuàng)造自由的形式

C.ALawfulOutletofStreetCultureC.街頭文化的合法輸出

D.ACompanyunderFireD.遭到責(zé)難的公司

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題。

【解題思路】通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，該文講述的內(nèi)容主要是時(shí)代華納公司因?yàn)楹鲆暽鐣?huì)責(zé)任而被受到指責(zé)，然后第二至四段講述該公司董事長(zhǎng)對(duì)這一指責(zé)的立場(chǎng)，以及為之采取的實(shí)際行動(dòng)，最后一段則暗示公司內(nèi)部對(duì)處理創(chuàng)作自由和社會(huì)影響這一對(duì)矛盾上由不同的分歧；綜合理解可知，本文主要是評(píng)述了時(shí)代華納公司因發(fā)行新音樂(lè)專輯而受到的責(zé)難及其反應(yīng)，所以D項(xiàng)“遭到責(zé)難的公司”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A項(xiàng)“關(guān)于道德淪喪的爭(zhēng)論”，時(shí)代華納公司所被指責(zé)的主要是它對(duì)社會(huì)責(zé)任的忽視，而并非它所發(fā)行的作品所帶來(lái)的實(shí)際道德上的影響，該項(xiàng)過(guò)度推斷；

B項(xiàng)“一種創(chuàng)造自由的形式”和C項(xiàng)“街頭文化的合法輸出”只有部分提及，并不能概括全文，屬于以偏概全。

3.單選題

AthighnoonlastOctober1st,thecitizensofEcuador（厄瓜多爾）didsomethingthey’dneverdreamedpossible:theysynchronized（同步）theirwatches.Indoingso,theyembarkedonanationalcampaignagainstlateness.Aspecialgrouporganizedthiscampaign.ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.Anyway,thePresidentagreedtovowtoparticipate.Hisspokesman,goingontelevisiontoannouncethisvow,arrivedatthestudio,needlesstosay,severalminuteslate.

Suchacampaignmaybescornedorlaughedat,becauseitseemsnotseriousandevennonsense,withoutanypracticalmeaning,butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear―hardlysmallchangeinacountrywithagrossdomesticproductofjusttwenty-fourbilliondollars.Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.It’saloteasiertodothiswhenpeoplearewherethey’resupposedtobewhenthey’resupposedtobethere.Thisisespeciallytrueinlightofrecentinnovationssuchasjust-in-timemanufacturing.

Dellcomputer’ssuppliershavetobeabletodeliverpartstoDell’sfactorieswithinninetyminutes.Underthoseconditions,“I’llgettoitlater”won’tdo.

InsomepunctualcountrieslikeJapan,pedestrianswalkfast,businesstransactionstakeplacequickly,andbankclocksarealwaysaccurate.Inlesspunctualplaces,suchasIndonesia,pedestriansamble,workersidle,andbankclocksareusuallywrong.Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.

Cantheydoit?Thereareobviousobstacles.Tardinesscanbequitepleasant,especiallywhenit’swhatyou’veaccustomedto.Thereisalsothetrickyquestionofclass.Latenesscanbeawayfortherichandpowerfultoassertthemselves,toshowhowmuchmorevaluabletheirtimeis.InEcuador,membersofthemilitaryandthegovernmentarethemostnotoriousoffenders,andbusinessmenarefarmorelikelytoshowuplatethanblue-collarworkersare.There’snopointingettingtoameetingontimeifnooneisgoingtobethere.Tardinessfeedsonitself,creatingaviciouscycle.

1.ItisimpliedinthefirstparagraphthatthepresidentofEcuador（

）.

2.Theword“pay”hasthesamemeaningin“punctualitypays”asin

（

）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutEcuadorpeopleiscorrect?

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.agreedtogoontelevisiontoannouncehisvowtoparticipate

B.waswell-knownforhispunctuality

C.hadahabitofbeinglateinhislifeandwork

D.wastryingtorevolutionizethewatchesinhiscountry

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.“Itpaystogetsomeprofessionaladvicebeforeyoumakeadecision”

B.“Hedidn’tpayanyattentiontowhatIsaid”

C.“Mymotherpaysformydrivinglessons”

D.“Idecidedtopaymyfriendsavisit”

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Theyusedtobepunctualwhentheyaregoingtowork.

B.Theylovetheirpresidentforhisbeingunpunctual.

C.Theystartedtorealizethevitalityoftime.

D.Theyhavebeenunaccustomedtothetardinessoftheirbank.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ecuadoriansaretryingtomakeanadvertisementfortheirwatchesbyanationalcampaignagainstlateness

B.bankclocksinlesspunctualplacesareusuallywrongbecausetheirclocksarebackward

C.moderneconomytriestocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeopletopromoteefficiency

D.Ecuadorianswillremaintheirwayoflife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ThegroupinvitedthePresidenttojoininthem,butactuallythePresidentwasinfamouslyunpunctual.（該團(tuán)體邀請(qǐng)總統(tǒng)加入，但實(shí)際上，總統(tǒng)的不守時(shí)是臭名昭著的）可知C選項(xiàng)“在他的生活和工作中有遲到的習(xí)慣”符合題意。

2.詞義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞pay定位到文章第二段的butitcomesoutofabasiceconomicfact:punctualitypays.Accordingtoonestudy,chroniclatenesscostsEcuador$2.5billionayear（但它來(lái)自一個(gè)基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)事實(shí)：守時(shí)支付。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，長(zhǎng)期遲到給厄瓜多爾每年造成25億美元的損失）可知punctualitypays中的pay表示“支付，付費(fèi)”。A選項(xiàng)中的pay表示“值得”；B選項(xiàng)中的payattentionto表示“注意”；C選項(xiàng)中的payfor表示“為……支付”；D選項(xiàng)中的payavisit表示“探望，拜訪，參觀”。因此本題的正確答案為C。

3.推理判斷題。由文章第四段中的Inotherwords,Ecuadoriansaretryingtorevolutionizethewaytheyliveandwork.（換句話說(shuō)，厄瓜多爾人正試圖徹底改變他們的生活和工作方式）可知C選項(xiàng)“他們開(kāi)始意識(shí)到時(shí)間的重要性”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Thefundamentalchallengeforamoderneconomyistocoordinatetheactionsofmillionsofindependentpeoplesothatgoodsmaybeproducedandservicesdeliveredasefficientlyaspossible.（現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的根本挑戰(zhàn)是協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)百萬(wàn)獨(dú)立人民的行動(dòng)，以便盡可能有效地生產(chǎn)商品和提供服務(wù)）可知C選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)努力協(xié)調(diào)數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的獨(dú)立者的行動(dòng)，以提高效率”符合題意。

4.單選題

Itisnowbelievedthatthedramaticchangesinfamilystructure,thoughregrettable,areimpossibletoreverse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.sensational

B.emotional

C.horrible

D.striking

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)sensational“轟動(dòng)的；聳人聽(tīng)聞的；非常好的；使人感動(dòng)的”；B選項(xiàng)emotional“情緒的；易激動(dòng)的；感動(dòng)人的”；C選項(xiàng)horrible“可怕的；極討厭的”；D選項(xiàng)striking“顯著的，突出的，驚人的；打擊的；罷工的”。句意：人們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)的顯著變化雖然令人遺憾，但是不可能逆轉(zhuǎn)的。本句關(guān)鍵詞dramatic表示“巨大的；急劇的；引人注目的；令人激動(dòng)的；戲劇的”，在句中可和striking（顯著的）做同義替換；因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Protozoanlocomotionsharessomeofthebasicmechanismsofmolecularcontractionencounteredinthefunctioningoftheflagellaandciliaofhigheranimals.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reproduction

B.digestion

C.movement

D.compartment

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)reproduction“繁殖”；B選項(xiàng)digestion“消化”；C選項(xiàng)movement“運(yùn)動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)compartment“區(qū)劃”。句意：原生動(dòng)物的運(yùn)動(dòng)與高等動(dòng)物的鞭毛和纖毛的功能有一些相同的分子收縮的基本機(jī)制。劃線部分locomotion是運(yùn)動(dòng)的意思。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Allparent-childrelationshipsdemandexcellentcommunicationskills,（）bothparentsandchildrenwillexperiencetremendousfrustrationsinfamilylife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.andthus

B.withoutthem

C.sothat

D.withoutwhich

【答案】D

【解析】定語(yǔ)從句。句意：所有的親子關(guān)系都需要優(yōu)秀的溝通技巧，（）父母和孩子將在家庭生活中經(jīng)歷巨大的挫折。前半句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是優(yōu)秀溝通技巧的重要性，后半句表明了一個(gè)結(jié)果，由該結(jié)果“tremendousfrustrations巨大的挫折”可知應(yīng)該是在沒(méi)有優(yōu)秀的溝通技巧的條件下才會(huì)出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。故先排除AC項(xiàng)。此句為定語(yǔ)從句，which指代上文提到的excellentcommunicationskills,故本題答案為D。

7.單選題

Theresultsarehardly（）;hecannotbelievetheyareaccurate.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.crucial

B.critical

C.credible

D.contrary

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)結(jié)果不可信。他不相信他們是準(zhǔn)確的。

考查形容詞辨析。crucial關(guān)鍵性的；極其重要的；critical批評(píng)的；關(guān)鍵的；愛(ài)挑剔的；credible信的；可靠的；contrary相反的。因此C項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

Accordingtothenewtaxlaw,anymoneyearnedoverthatlevelistaxedatthe（

）of59percent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ratio

B.percentage

C.proportion

D.rate

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:根據(jù)新稅法，任何賺得的收入都需要按照百分之五十九的比例收稅。

attherateof按照...的比例。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

決策過(guò)程對(duì)管理結(jié)盟的需要是基于兩個(gè)方面的原因。首先，組織的目標(biāo)往往模糊不清，而部門(mén)間的運(yùn)營(yíng)目標(biāo)則缺乏一致性。在目標(biāo)模糊又缺乏一致性的情況下，管理者對(duì)問(wèn)題的優(yōu)先順序便無(wú)法統(tǒng)一。他們必須就問(wèn)題討價(jià)還價(jià)，并圍繞著應(yīng)該解決的問(wèn)題建立起結(jié)盟。

結(jié)盟的第二個(gè)原因是盡管管理者個(gè)人傾向于理性，但卻受到人類認(rèn)知的局限和其他局限性的制約。管理者們沒(méi)有時(shí)間、資源或心智能力去識(shí)別與某一項(xiàng)決策相關(guān)的所有維度，并處理所有的信息。這些局限性便導(dǎo)致了結(jié)盟行為。管理者們通過(guò)相互交談、交流看法來(lái)收集信息，減少模糊性。擁有相關(guān)信息或?qū)δ稠?xiàng)決策的結(jié)果有相關(guān)利益的人們會(huì)被征求意見(jiàn)。建立結(jié)盟會(huì)使一項(xiàng)決策得到各相關(guān)利益方的支持。

【答案】Thereasonforalliancemanagementtobeneededbythedecision-makingprocessisbasedontwoaspects.First,thegoalsofanorganizationareoftenvagueandoperationgoalsbetweendepartmentlackconsistency.Inthecaseofvaguegoalsandlackofconsistency,managerscouldnotunifytheorderofprecedenceofproblems.Theyhavetobargainwitheachotherandestablishalliancearoundtheproblemswhichshouldberesolved.

Thesecondreasonforforminganallianceisthatindividualmanagersaresubjecttotherestrictionofhumancognitionandotherlimitationsinspiteofindividualtendencytowardrationality.Managersdon’thavethetime,resources,ormentalabilitytoidentifyalldimensionsassociatedwithadecision,anddealwithalltheinformation.Thustheselimitationsleadtothealliance.Throughtalkingtoeachother,exchangingideaswithoneanother,managersgatherinformationandreduceambiguity.Thepeoplewhohaverelevantinformationorhaveastakeintheoutcomesofcertaindecisionwillbeconsultedforadvice.Toestablishanalliancescanmakeadecisiontobesupportedbyallstakeholders.

10.單選題

MartinLutherKing（）himselfasanonviolentcivilrightsleaderwhowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recognized

B.distinguished

C.differentiated

D.separated

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)recognized“認(rèn)識(shí)；意識(shí)到”，為及物動(dòng)詞；B選項(xiàng)distinguished“辨別；使出名”，與as搭配，意為“以……而著名”；C選項(xiàng)differentiated“區(qū)分；使有差別”；D選項(xiàng)separated“分開(kāi)；隔開(kāi)”。句意：馬丁?路德金作為非暴力民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人而聞名，并且受到美國(guó)黑人的極大尊敬。根據(jù)后面的定語(yǔ)從句whowasrespectedgreatlybytheAmericanBlack“受美國(guó)黑人的尊敬”可知他是有名的，而且廣受黑人關(guān)注。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

11.單選題

EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistiC.Thencametheclose-upimagesobtainedbytheexploratoryspacecraftVoyager2,andwithindays,Europawastransformed—inourperception,atleast—intooneofthesolarsystem’smostintriguingworlds.Thebiggestinitialsurprisewasthealmosttotallackofdetail,especiallyfromfaraway.Evenatcloserange,theonlyvisiblefeaturesarethin,kinkedbrownlinesresemblingcracksinaneggshell.Andthisanalogyisnotfaroffthemark.

ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.TheinteriorofEuropahasbeenkeptwarmovertheeonsbytidalforcesgeneratedbythevaryinggravitationaltugsoftheotherbigmoonsastheywheelaroundJupiter.ThetidesonEuropapullandrelaxinanendlesscycle.Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.

SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.LifeprocessescouldhavebegunwhenJupiterwasreleasingavaststoreofinternalheat.Jupiter'searlyheatwasproducedbythecompressionofthematerialformingthegiantplanet.JustastheSunisfarlessradianttodaythantheprimalSun,sotheinternalheatgeneratedbyJupiterisminorcomparedtoitsformerintensity.Duringthiswarmphase,some4.6billionyearsago,Europa’soceanmayhavebeenliquidrighttothesurface,makingitacrucibleforlife.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatastronomytextbookspriorto1979_____.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatEuropaandAntarcticahaveincommonwhichofthefollowing?

4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheeffectofJupiter'sotherlargemoonsonEuropa?

5.Accordingtothepassage,Voyager2’simagesledresearcherstodevelopwhichofthefollowingtheories?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.TheeffectofthetidesonEuropa’sinterior

B.TemperaturevariationsonJupiter’smoons

C.DiscoveriesleadingtoatheoryaboutoneofJupiter’smoons

D.TechniquesusedbyVoyager2toobtainclose-upimages

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.providedmanycontradictorystatisticsaboutEuropa

B.consideredEuropathemostimportantofJupiter'smoons

C.didnotemphasizeEuropabecauselittleinformationofinterestwasavailable

D.didnotmentionEuropabecauseithadnotyetbeendiscovered

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Bothmayhavewaterbeneathathin,hardsurface

B.Bothappeartohaveasurfacewithmanycraters

C.Bothhaveanicecapthatismeltingrapidly

D.Bothhaveareasencasedbyarockyexterior

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheypreventtidesthatcoulddamageEuropa’ssurface

B.TheypreventEuropa’ssubsurfacewatersfromfreezing

C.TheyproducetheveryhardlayeroficethatcharacterizesEuropa

D.TheyassurethatthegravitationalpullonEuropaismaintainedatasteadylevel

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Jupitermaybehottertodaythanitoncewas

B.Europaisfarolderthanscientistsoriginallythought

C.Europa’stemperatureismaintainedbyJupiter’svaststoreofinternalheat

D.TheoceanwatersofEuropacouldcontainsomeformsoflife

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。本文主要說(shuō)明了一些關(guān)于木衛(wèi)二的理論，因此C選項(xiàng)“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致了關(guān)于木星一顆衛(wèi)星的理論”正確。A選項(xiàng)“潮汐對(duì)木衛(wèi)二內(nèi)部的影響”，B選項(xiàng)“木星衛(wèi)星上的溫度變化”，D選項(xiàng)“旅行者2號(hào)用來(lái)獲得特寫(xiě)圖像的技術(shù)”對(duì)應(yīng)的都是文章中的一段，不全面。

2.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章第一段中“EuropaisthesmallestofplanetJupiter’sfourlargestmoonsandthesecondmoonoutfromJupiter.Until1979,itwasjustanotherastronomytextbookstatistic.”，中文翻譯為：木衛(wèi)二是木星四個(gè)最大的衛(wèi)星中最小的，也是木星的第二個(gè)衛(wèi)星。直到1979年，這只是天文學(xué)教科書(shū)上的數(shù)據(jù)。知C選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有強(qiáng)調(diào)木衛(wèi)二是因?yàn)闆](méi)有什么有趣的信息”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第二段“ThesurfaceofEuropaisalmostpurewaterice,butanearlycompleteabsenceofcratersindicatesthatEuropa’ssurfaceiceresemblesEarth’sAntarcticicecap.Theeggshellanalogymaybequiteaccuratesincetheicecouldbeaslittleasafewkilometersthick—atrueshellaroundwhatislikelyasubsurfaceliquidoceanthat,inturn,encasesarockycore.”，中文翻譯為：木衛(wèi)二的表面幾乎是純凈的水冰，但幾乎完全沒(méi)有隕石坑，這表明木衛(wèi)二的表面冰類似于地球的南極冰蓋。蛋殼的類比可能相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確，因?yàn)楸鶎涌赡苤挥袔坠锖瘛粋€(gè)真正的外殼，圍繞著一個(gè)可能是地下液態(tài)海洋的地方，而這個(gè)海洋反過(guò)來(lái)又包裹著一個(gè)巖石核心。因此，A選項(xiàng)“兩者在薄而堅(jiān)硬的表面下都可能有水”正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到原文第二段“Theresultinginternalheatkeepswhatwouldotherwisebeicemeltedalmosttothesurface.ThecracklikemarksonEuropa’sicyfaceappearstobefractureswherewaterorslushoozesfrombelow.”，中文翻譯為：由此產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)部熱量使原本可能是冰的東西幾乎融化到表面。在木衛(wèi)二冰冷的表面上有類似裂縫的痕跡，似乎是水或泥漿從下面滲出的裂縫。故B選項(xiàng)“它們可以防止木衛(wèi)二的地下水結(jié)冰?！弊罘项}意。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干可以定位尾段“SoonafterVoyager2’sencounterwithJupiterin1979,whenthebestimagesofEuropawereobtained,researchersadvancedthestartlingideathatEuropa’ssubsurfaceoceanmightharborlife.”，中文翻譯為：1979年，“旅行者2號(hào)”與木星相遇，獲得了木衛(wèi)二的最佳圖像，之后不久，研究人員提出了一個(gè)令人吃驚的想法，即木衛(wèi)二的地下海洋可能孕育著生命?？梢缘弥狣選項(xiàng)“木衛(wèi)二的海水可能含有某種生命形式?！闭_。

12.單選題

Onlytwocountriesintheadvancedworldprovidenoguaranteeforpaidleavefromworktocareforanewbornchild.Lastspringoneofthetwo,Australia,gaveupthatdubiousdistinctionbyestablishingpaidfamilyleavestartingin2011.Iwasn’tsurprisedwhenthisdidn’tmakethenewshereintheUnitedStates—we’renowtheonlywealthycountrywithoutsuchapolicy.

TheUnitedStatesdoeshaveoneexplicitfamilypolicy,theFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct,passedin1993.Itentitlesworkerstoasmuchas12weeks’unpaidleaveforcareofanewbornordealingwithafamilymedicalproblem.Despitethemodestyofthebenefit,theChamberofCommerceandotherbusinessgroupsfoughtitbitterly,describingitas“government-runpersonnelmanagement”anda“dangerousprecedent”.Infact,everystepoftheway,as(usually)Democraticleadershavetriedtointroducework-familybalancemeasuresintothelaw,businessgroupshavebeenstronglyopposed.

AsYalelawprofessorAnneAlstottargues,justifyingparentalsupportdependsondefiningthefamilyasasocialgoodthat,insomesense,societymustpayfor.InherbookNoExit:WhatParentsOweTheirChildrenandWhatSocietyOwesParents,shearguesthatparentsareburdenedinmanywaysintheirlives:thereis“noexit”whenitcomestochildren.“Societyexpects—andneeds—parentstoprovidetheirchildrenwithcontinuityofcare,meaningtheintensive,intimatecarethathumanbeingsneedtodeveloptheirintellectual,emotionalandmoralcapabilities.Andsocietyexpects—andneeds—parentstopersistintheirrolesfor18years,orlongerifneeded.”

Whilemostparentsdothisoutoflove,therearepublicpenaltiesfornotprovidingcare.Whatparentsdo,inotherwords,isofdeepconcerntothestate,fortheobviousreasonthatcaringforchildrenisnotonlymorallyurgentbutessentialforthefutureofsociety.Thestaterecognizesthisinthelargebodyoffamilylawsthatgovernchildren’swelfare,yetparentsreceivelittlehelpinmeetingthelife-changingobligationssocietyimposes.Toclassifyparentingasapersonalchoiceforwhichthereisnocollectiveresponsibilityisnotmerelytoignorethesocialbenefitsofgoodparenting;really,itistostealthosebenefitsbecausetheyaccruetothewholeofsocietyastoday’schildrenbecometomorrow,sproductivecitizenry.Infact,bysomeestimates,thevalueofparentalinvestmentsinchildren,investmentsoftimeandmoney(includinglostwages),isequalto20-30%ofgrossdomesticproduct.Iftheseinvestmentsgeneratehugesocialbenefits—astheyclearlydo—thebenefitsofprovidingmoresocialsupportforthefamilyshouldbethatmuchclearer.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutpaidfamilyleavefromthefirstparagraph?

2.Whathaspreventedthepassingofwork-familybalancelawsintheUnitedStates?

3.WhatisProfessorAnneAlston’sargumentforparentalsupport?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofAmerica’slargebodyoffamilylawsgoverningchildren’swelfare?

5.Whydoestheauthorobjecttoclassifyingparentingasapersonalchoice?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americaisnowtheonlydevelopedcountrywithoutthepolicy.

B.IthasnowbecomeahottopicintheUnitedStates.

C.ItcameasasurprisewhenAustraliaadoptedthepolicy.

D.ItsmeaningwasclarifiedwhenitwasestablishedinAustralia.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.TheincompetenceoftheDemocrats.

B.TheexistingFamilyandMedicalLeaveAct.

C.ThelackofaprecedentinAmericanhistory.

D.Theoppositionfrombusinesscircles.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Thecosto￡raisingchildrenintheUShasbeengrowing.

B.Goodparentingbenefitssociety.

C