考研考博-英語-天津外國語大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解2

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-天津外國語大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Duringtheirfirstteachertrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolsforthe___oflessons.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.observation觀察；監(jiān)視B.investigation調(diào)查；調(diào)查研究

C.inspection視察；檢查D.examination考試；檢查

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意，教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生經(jīng)常去學(xué)校參加培訓(xùn)，培訓(xùn)的內(nèi)容是forthe____oflessons，由此可以推斷出進(jìn)行教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生是去本地的學(xué)校觀察上課。observation指一段時(shí)間內(nèi)仔細(xì)觀察某人/某事物的行為，尤指為了學(xué)習(xí)某事物。因此A.observation“觀察”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)investigation指對(duì)某一情況、犯罪等事實(shí)的官方審查，或者是對(duì)某一主題或問題的事實(shí)進(jìn)行的科學(xué)或?qū)W術(shù)檢查，而本句重點(diǎn)在于去觀察當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校的課程，不屬于犯罪等事實(shí)，也不屬于科學(xué)或?qū)W術(shù)檢查；

C選項(xiàng)inspection指對(duì)學(xué)校、工廠等的正式訪問，以檢查規(guī)章是否被遵守，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是否可接受，教師實(shí)習(xí)的學(xué)生并不是正式訪問，排除；

D選項(xiàng)examination指仔細(xì)檢查（某事物/某人），尤指檢查是否有問題或找出問題的原因，不符合句子語境。

【句意】在他們的第一個(gè)教師培訓(xùn)年，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常去當(dāng)?shù)貙W(xué)校觀察課程。

2.單選題

4.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Hepreferstotakepillstogetantioxid.

B.Hepreferstogetantioxidantsfromfood.

C.Hedoesn’tmindeatingaloteveryday.

D.Heisovercautioussometimes.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Weneedanti-oxidantstopreventourselvesfromdevelopingcancer,butIdon’tliketakingpillstogetit.

M:Butyouneedtoeatamountainoffoodeverydaytogetalloftheanti-oxidantsyouneed.

W:Idrinkalotofgreentea;Ieatonion,garlicandcitrousfood.Ialsogetninedifferentcolorsofvegetableseveryday.

M:Allthosehaveanti-oxidants,butIwanttobeonthesafeside.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

【解析】固定詞組。beonthesafeside意為“安全可靠，穩(wěn)妥”。

3.單選題

ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.linthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease“becausewedon’twalkanywhereanymore,”saidDr.H.RichardWeinerman,professorofmedicineandpublichealth.Dr.Weinerman’ssharpcriticismofautomobilecameinadiscussionofhumanenvironmentonYaleReports,aradioprogrambroadcastbyStationWTICinHartford.Connecticut.Theprogramopenedathree-partserieson“StayingAlive”.“Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,theproblemofman’ssurvivalhastodowithhiscontrolofman-madedangers,”Dr.Weinermansaid.“Beforethis，theproblemhadbeenthecontrolofnaturaldangers.”

Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“l(fā)essensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar-everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”

ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue，underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore，ethicallyjustified”.ProfessorSearsalsocalledthecountry’sdependenceonitsmodernautomobile“l(fā)ousyeconomics”becauseofthelargehorsepowerusedsimply“movingonepersontowork”.ButheagreedthatAmericanshavepaintedthemselvesintoacomerbyallowingthenationaleconomytobecomesoreliantontheautomobileindustry.

AccordingtoDr.Weinerman,automobiles,notthefactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmericancities,andthesmogpresentsthepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.“Withinanotherfivetotenyears,it’spossibletohaveanepidemicoflungcancerinacitylikeLosAngeles.Thisisanewphenomenoninhealthconcern,”hesaid.

Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel，butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.

1.Themainideaofthisarticleisthat___.

2.InParagraph2,ProfessorGalstonimpliesthat___.

3.Inparagraph3,ProfessorSearsimpliesthat___.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5that___.

5.Dr.Weinermanwouldprobablyagreethat___,ifpublictransportationwereimproved.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Americansaretooattachedtotheircars

B.Americancarsruntoofastandconsumetoomuchfuel

C.Theautomobileindustryhascausedallthistohappen

D.automobilesendangerboththeenvironmentandpeople

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearemoreinterestedinfastautomobilesthanintheirhealth.

B.kerosene-burningcarswouldpollutetheenvironmentmoreseriouslythangasoline-burningenginesdo

C.Americansfeelmorecloselyconnectedtotheircarsthantotheenvironment

D.Itisnotrightforeveryfamilytohaveatleasttwocars

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.technologyisalwaysgoodforpeople

B.technologyisnotalwaysgoodforpeople

C.financialprofitismoreimportantthantechnologicaladvancement

D.technologicaladvancementwillimprovefinancialprofit

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.afuellessdangerousthangasolinemustbefound

B.peopleshouldgetridoftheircarsandtakethebustowork

C.publictransportationshouldbeimprovedsothatpeoplecanbecomelessdependentupontheircarsforinner-citytransportation

D.theonlysolutiontothisproblemistobuildmorehighwaysandmoresubways

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theinnercitymightimprove

B.themiddleclasswouldmovetothesuburbs

C.publicroadswouldgetworse

D.therewouldstillbeanurgentneedtobuildmorehighways

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.主旨大意題。定位到原文第一段中心句ThreeYaleUniversityprofessorsagreedinapaneldiscussiontonightthattheautomobilewaswhatoneofthemcalled“PublicHealthEnemyNo.1inthiscountry”.Besidespollutingtheairandcongestingthecities,carsareinvolvedinmorethanhalfthedisablingaccidents,andtheycauseheartdisease…（三位耶魯大學(xué)教授在今晚的小組討論中一致認(rèn)為汽車是他們中的一位所說的“這個(gè)國家的頭號(hào)公共衛(wèi)生敵人”除了污染空氣和堵塞城市，汽車還與一半以上的致殘事故有關(guān)，它們還會(huì)引發(fā)心臟病……），第一段第一句點(diǎn)名文章主題：汽車對(duì)人類和環(huán)境造成了傷害。接下來幾段圍繞這一中心展開，則選D選項(xiàng)“汽車危害環(huán)境和人”；A選項(xiàng)“美國人太依賴他們的汽車了”，B選項(xiàng)“美國汽車跑得太快，消耗太多燃料”以及C選項(xiàng)“汽車工業(yè)導(dǎo)致了這一切的發(fā)生”都是片面內(nèi)容，不足以概括全文。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段Relatingmanyofthesedangersoftheautomobile,ArthurW.Galston,aprofessorofbiology,saiditwaspossibletomakeakerosene-burningcarthatwould“l(fā)essensmogbyaverylargefactor”.ButheexpresseddoubtthatAmericanswerewillingtogiveupmovingaboutthecountrysideat90milesanhourinalargevehicle.“Americaseemsweddedtothemotorcar—everyfamilyhastohaveatleasttwo,andonehastobeaconvertiblewith300horsepower,”ProfessorGalstoncontinued.“Isthisthewayoflifethatwechoosebecausewecherishthesevalues?”（生物學(xué)教授ArthurW.Galston在談到汽車的許多這些危險(xiǎn)時(shí)表示，制造一種燃燒煤油的汽車，“在很大程度上減少煙霧”是可能的。但他對(duì)美國人是否愿意放棄開著時(shí)速90英里的大型汽車在鄉(xiāng)間穿梭表示懷疑。高爾斯頓教授繼續(xù)說：“美國似乎已經(jīng)和汽車密不可分——每個(gè)家庭至少得有兩輛，其中一輛必須是一輛300馬力的敞篷車?！薄斑@是我們選擇的生活方式嗎，因?yàn)槲覀冋湎н@些價(jià)值?”）可知制造一種燃燒煤油的汽車，“在很大程度上減少煙霧”是可能的，但是從教授后面所說的話可以看到美國人可能不愿意這樣做，不愿意為了環(huán)境減少用車或者改變一些用車習(xí)慣，則選C選項(xiàng)“美國人感覺與汽車的關(guān)系比與環(huán)境的關(guān)系更密切”；A選項(xiàng)“人們對(duì)高速汽車比他們的健康更感興趣”，B選項(xiàng)“燃燒煤油的汽車比燃燒汽油的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)污染環(huán)境更嚴(yán)重”在原文未提及；D選項(xiàng)“每個(gè)家庭至少有兩輛車是不對(duì)的”，教授只是舉每個(gè)家庭有兩輛車的例子來證明自己所暗示的內(nèi)容：美國人感覺與汽車的關(guān)系更密切。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第一句ForPaulB.Sears,professorofconservation,partoftheblamelieswith“asocietythatregardsprofitasasupremevalue,underthefalseideathatanythingthat’stechnicallypossibleis,therefore,ethicallyjustified”.（對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)學(xué)教授PaulB.Sears來說，部分原因在于“一個(gè)將利潤視為最高價(jià)值的社會(huì)，存在著一種錯(cuò)誤的想法，即任何技術(shù)上可能的事情都因此在倫理上是正當(dāng)?shù)摹保┛芍xB選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)并不總是對(duì)人有好處”，PaulB.Sears教授認(rèn)為并不是技術(shù)上能實(shí)現(xiàn)的東西對(duì)人就是好的，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤“科技總是對(duì)人有好處”，和原文相悖；C選項(xiàng)“財(cái)務(wù)利潤比技術(shù)進(jìn)步更重要”，D選項(xiàng)“技術(shù)進(jìn)步將提高財(cái)政利潤”未在文章內(nèi)提及。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段Thesolution,hecontinued,is“nottofindalessdangerousfuel,butadifferentsystemofinner-citytransportation.Becauseoftheincreasinguseofcars,publictransportationhasbeenallowedtowitheranddegenerate,sothatifyoucan’twalktowhereyouwanttogo,youhavetohaveacarinmostcities,”heasserted.This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.（他接著說，解決辦法“不是找到一種危險(xiǎn)性較小的燃料，而是一種不同的市內(nèi)交通系統(tǒng)。由于汽車的使用越來越多，公共交通已經(jīng)被允許萎縮和退化，因此，如果你不能步行到你想去的地方，你必須在大多數(shù)城市有一輛車，”他斷言。Dr.Weinerman認(rèn)為，這反過來又是造成公共道路“動(dòng)脈硬化”的原因，也是造成市中心衰敗和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)向郊區(qū)遷移的原因）可知Dr.Weinerman認(rèn)為目前的市內(nèi)交通系統(tǒng)不合適，會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們更偏向于選擇汽車，而這又會(huì)造成公共道路“動(dòng)脈硬化”，解決方法不是找到一種危險(xiǎn)性較小的燃料，而是改善目前的公共交通，選C選項(xiàng)“公共交通應(yīng)該得到改善，這樣人們就可以減少在市內(nèi)交通中對(duì)汽車的依賴”，同時(shí)可知A選項(xiàng)“必須找到一種比汽油危險(xiǎn)小的燃料”錯(cuò)誤，B選項(xiàng)“人們應(yīng)該擺脫他們的汽車，乘公共汽車去上班”邏輯關(guān)系錯(cuò)誤，根據(jù)Dr.Weinerman的話，我們可知目前情況，公共交通不改善的話人們并不愿意擺脫汽車；D選項(xiàng)“解決這個(gè)問題的唯一辦法是修建更多的高速公路和地鐵”屬于過度推斷。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段This,inturn,Dr.Weinermancontended,isresponsibleforthe“arteriosclerosis”ofpublicroads,fortheblightoftheinnercityandforthemiddle-classmovementtothesuburbs.（Dr.Weinerman認(rèn)為，這反過來又是造成公共道路“動(dòng)脈硬化”的原因，也是造成市中心衰敗和中產(chǎn)階級(jí)向郊區(qū)遷移的原因）可知Dr.Weinerman認(rèn)為如果公共交通得到改善，市中心的情況會(huì)改善，中產(chǎn)階級(jí)可能不會(huì)一致向郊區(qū)遷移，選A選項(xiàng)“市中心可能會(huì)改善”，同時(shí)可知B選項(xiàng)“中產(chǎn)階級(jí)將搬到郊區(qū)”不符合原文；C選項(xiàng)“公共道路會(huì)變得更糟”未在原文中提及；D選項(xiàng)“仍然迫切需要建造更多的高速公路”過度推斷，排除。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Thebook（）wasnotintheschoollibrary.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.towhichtheprofessorreferredus

B.towhichtheprofessorreferredtous

C.whichtheprofessorreferredus

D.whichtheprofessorreferredtous

【答案】A

【解析】考查定語從句。當(dāng)從句謂語動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，定語從句用介詞+連接詞引導(dǎo)，refer表示“參考，查閱”的意思時(shí)為不及物動(dòng)詞，用法是refersb.tosth.。句意：教授讓我們查閱的那本書不在學(xué)校圖書館。因此，本題的正確選項(xiàng)是A選項(xiàng)。

5.單選題

Thegeocentricideawasabandonedintheseventeenthcentury,partlyasaresultofthewritingsofCopernicus（）observationsmadebyotherastronomers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.andalsowere

B.notonlybecauseof

C.alsobecausewere

D.andalsobecauseof

【答案】D

【解析】語法題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞partly可知，空格后面表示另一部分原因，因此兩個(gè)原因應(yīng)該用并列連詞and連接，排除B和C。前面由asaresultof引導(dǎo)第一個(gè)原因，后面可用becauseof與其并列。故選D項(xiàng)。句意：地心說在17世紀(jì)被拋棄，部分原因是哥白尼的著作，也因?yàn)槠渌煳膶W(xué)家的觀測(cè)結(jié)果。

6.單選題

Thegreatuseofschooleducationisnotsomuchtoteachyouthings（

）toteachyoutheartoflearning.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.than

B.ratherthan

C.nor

D.as

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定用法。Notsomuch…as表示“不是······而是······”。句意：學(xué)校教育的重大作用不是教給你什么而是教給你學(xué)習(xí)的方法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

7.單選題

Ihopethatwecanagreetotakeanunifiedapproachtodealingwiththeoppositiontoourprojectproposal.Weneedtocoordinateourefforts.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hopethatwecanagree

B.takeanunified

C.todealing

D.efforts

E.沒有錯(cuò)誤

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。B項(xiàng)去掉冠詞an。takeunifiedapproach采取一致的手段。

8.單選題

Idon'tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）tothattypeofwork.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。compatible意為“兼容的，相容的”；convenient意為“方便的”；consistent意為“與……一致的，相符的”；competent意為“有能力的，能勝任的”。

句意：我認(rèn)為Johnson在他的新工作上不會(huì)成功的，因?yàn)樗荒軇偃文欠N類型的工作。

9.單選題

The150millionpeoplewholiveoutsidethecountryoftheirbirthmakeuplessthan2.5percentofworldpopulation,buttheyhaveanimportancefarbeyondtheirnumbers.Someinternationalmigrantsarerefugeesorstudents,butthosewiththemostimpactareeconomicmigrants,drawntoplacessuchasLosAngeles,wherethewagesmaybethreetimesgreaterthanthoseinBombay.Thesemigrantstendtobeyoungandwillingtoworkforlowwages.Thoughtraditionallyunskilled,agrowingnumberarehighlyeducated.

Immigrationisnowthemajorcontributortodemographicchangeinmanydevelopedcountries.IntheU.S.,accordingtothelatestU.S.CensusBureauprojection,thepopulationwillgrowby129millionintheperiodfrom2000to2050,butifimmigrationstopsitwouldgoupbyjust54million.WesternEurope’spopulationis42percentgreaterthanthatoftheU.S.,butitsprojectedimmigrationisonlyabouthalfthatoftheU.S.;asaconsequence,theregionexpectedtolose28millionpeopleoverthenext50years.Japan,whichhasclosetozeronetmigration,isprojectedtolose26millionby2050.(DeathswillstartoutrunningbirthsinwestEuropeandJapanaroundthemiddleofthisdecade).

Duringthepastsixyears,theU.S.received27percentoftheworldinternationalmigrants,comparedwith9percentbyGermany,thesecondmostpopulardestination.OnefourthofallmigrantstotheU.S.wenttoCalifornia;favoritecities,inorderofthenumberofforeign-bom,areLosAngeles,NewYorkCity,SanFrancisco,MiamiandChicago.

Internationalmigrantsprimarilycomefromdevelopingcountries,withChinaat14percentandMexicoat8percentbeingthelatestsources.Afewdevelopingcountries,suchasAfghanistan,Bosnia,LiberiaandRwanda,havehadsignificantinfluxesinrecentyears,butthesereflectmainlythemovementofrefugees.Mostdevelopingcountrieshadnegativenetmigration.

Inthepastfewyears,Europeancountrywithconsiderableimmigrationhashadareactionagainstforeignwork,accordingtosocialscientistChristopherJencksofHarvardUniversity.SomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990striedtorepatriatemigrantworkers.ThusfartheU.S.showsnosignsofreinstitutingtheextremelyrestrictiveImmigration,lawsofthepast,amajorreasonbeingthedependenceofmanyindustriesonasupplyofforeignlabor.Indeed,theAFL-CIO,onceanopponentofhighimmigrationquotashasreversepositionandisnowattemptingtoorganizeimmigrant.ThischangeinattitudeamongotherreasonsleadsJenckstoconcludethatasubstantialreversalofthecurrentliberalpoliciesisunlikely.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsdoesNOTexactlydescribetheeconomicmigrants?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theU.S.immigrantsintheperiodfrom2000to2050willgrowby（

）.

3.Manyrefugeesmovefromtheirnationstosuchdevelopingcountriesas

（

）.

4.WhathappenedtosomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990s?

5.TheAFL-CIOlikestoorganizeimmigrantsnowbecause（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theytendtobeyoung

B.Manyofthemarehighlyeducated

C.Theyarewillingtoworkforlowwages

D.Theyconstitute2.5%oftheworldpopulation.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.129million

B.54million

C.75million

D.28million

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Afghanistan

B.China

C.Mexico

D.Pakistan

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theytriedtoattractmiremigrantworkers.

B.Theywantedtodependmoreonforeignworkers.

C.Theymanagedtoorganizeimmigrants.

D.Theyattemptedtosendbackforeignworkers

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itisanopponentofhighimmigrantquotas

B.itsdevelopmentisdependentonforeignlabor

C.ithasareactionagainstforeignworkers

D.itshowsnosignofreinstitutingimmigrationlaws

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.文章第一段The150millionpeoplewholiveoutsidethecountryoftheirbirthmakeuplessthan2.5percentofworldpopulation,buttheyhaveanimportancefarbeyondtheirnumbers提到移民的人數(shù)占世界人口不到2.5%，所以選項(xiàng)D的描述是不準(zhǔn)確的，符合題意。

2.thepopulationwillgrowby129millionintheperiodfrom2000to2050,butifimmigrationstopsitwouldgoupbyjust54million提到美國人口2000到2050年，將增長(zhǎng)129million,除去移民的話增長(zhǎng)54million，所以移民人數(shù)是75million。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

3.文章倒數(shù)第二段Afewdevelopingcountries,suchasAfghanistan,Bosnia,LiberiaandRwanda,havehadsignificantinfluxesinrecentyears,butthesereflectmainlythemovementofrefugees提到阿富汗、波斯尼亞、利比里亞和盧旺達(dá)的移民主要是難民，選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章最后一段SomeAsiancountrieshithardbyrecessioninthelate1990striedtorepatriatemigrantworkers提到在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條期很多亞洲國家的人被遣返，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一段amajorreasonbeingthedependenceofmanyindustriesonasupplyofforeignlabor提到美國沒有制定嚴(yán)格地移民法律，是因?yàn)樾枰鈬膭趧?dòng)力。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

Atfirst,the（

）ofcolorpicturesoveralongdistanceseemedimpossiblebutwithpainstakingeffortsandatgreatexpense,itbecameareality.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.transmission

C.transformation

D.transition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)transaction“辦理，處理；業(yè)務(wù)，交易”；B選項(xiàng)transmission“播送，發(fā)射，傳送”；C選項(xiàng)transformation“變化，轉(zhuǎn)化”；D選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)換”。句意：起初，遠(yuǎn)距離傳輸彩色圖片似乎是不可能的，但隨著人們的艱苦努力和花費(fèi)的巨大的代價(jià)，它終于變成了現(xiàn)實(shí)。結(jié)合句意，表示傳輸彩色圖片，故B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

Wemustlearntomeetmisfortunegracefully.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adversity

B.famine

C.enormity

D.nuance

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.adversity逆境；不幸B.famine饑荒

C.enormity巨大；暴行D.nuance細(xì)微差別

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句意：我們必須學(xué)會(huì)優(yōu)雅地面對(duì)不幸。劃線詞misfortune意為“厄運(yùn)；不幸”。因此A選項(xiàng)與之意思相近，選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

【句意】我們必須學(xué)會(huì)優(yōu)雅地面對(duì)不幸。

12.翻譯題

Heisaformerscientistwhotransitionedtoindustrymanyyearsagoandthenontoaseniormanagementposition.

【答案】他曾是一名科學(xué)家，多年前轉(zhuǎn)行到工業(yè)界，然后擔(dān)任高級(jí)管理職位。

13.單選題

Imagineaworldinwhichtherewassuddenlynoemotion—aworldinwhichhumanbeingscouldfeelnoloveorhappiness,noterrororhate.Trytoimaginetheconsequencesofsuchatransformation.Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive:knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.Theycouldnotlearn:theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.Societywouldsoondisappear:Peoplewouldbeaslikelytoharmoneanotherastoprovidehelpandsupport.Humanrelationshipswouldnotexist:Inaworldwithoutfriendsorenemies,therecouldbenomarriage,affectionamongcompanions,orbondsamongmemberso￡groups.Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.Foraswewillsee,incentivesimplyacapacitytoenjoythem.

Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.True,weconsiderthelength,shape,size,ortexture,butanobject’sphysicalaspectsarelessimportantthanwhatithasdoneorcandotous—hurtus,surpriseus,angerusormakeusjoyful.Wealsousecategorizationscoloredbyemotionsinourfamilies,communities,andoverallsociety.Outofouremotionalexperienceswithobjectsandeventscomesasocialfeelingofagreementthatcertainthingsandactionsare“good”andothersare“bad”,andweapplythesecategoriestoeveryaspectofoursociallife—fromwhatfoodsweeatandwhatclothesweweartohowwekeeppromisesandwhichpeopleourgroupwillaccept.Infact,societyexplainsouremotionalreactionsandattitudes,suchasloyalty,morality,pride,shame,guilt,fearandgreed,inordertomaintainitself.Itgiveshighrewardstoindividualswhoperformimportanttaskssuchassurgery,makesheroesoutofindividualsforunusualordangerousachievementssuchasflyingfighterplanesinawar,andusesthelegalandpenalsystemtomakepeopleafraidtoengageinantisocialacts.

1.Thereasonwhypeoplemightnotbeabletostayaliveinaworldwithoutemotionisthat（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,people’slearningactivitiesarepossiblebecausethey（）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheeconomicfoundationofsocietyisdependenton（）.

4.Emotionsaresignificantforman’ssurvivalandadaptationbecause（）.

5.Theemotionalaspectsofanobjectaremoreimportantthanitsphysicalaspectsinthatthey（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldnotbeabletotellthetextureofobjects

B.theywouldnotknowwhatwasbeneficialandwhatwasharmfultothem

C.theywouldnotbehappywithalifewithoutlove

D.theywoulddothingsthathurteachother’sfeelings

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.enjoybeingrewardedfordoingtherightthing

B.knowwhatisvitaltotheprogressofsociety

C.believethatemotionsarefundamentalforthemtostayalive

D.benefitfromprovidinghelpandsupporttooneanother

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theabilitytomakemoney

B.thewilltoworkforpleasure

C.thecapacitytoenjoyincentives

D.thecategorizationsofouremotionalexperiences

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.theyprovidethemeansbywhichpeopleviewthesizeorshapeofobjects

B.theyarethebasisforthesocialfeelingofagreementbywhichsocietyismaintained

C.theyencouragepeopletoperformdangerousachievements

D.theygeneratemorelovethanhateamongpeople

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.helpsocietyexploititsmembersforprofit

B.encourageustoperformimportanttasks

C.helptoperfectthelegalandpenalsystem

D.helpusadaptourbehaviortotheworldsurroundingus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的第二句“Peoplemightnotbeabletostayalive：knowingneitherjoynorpleasure,neitheranxietynorfear,theywouldbeaslikelytorepeatactsthathurtthemasactsthatwerebeneficial.”如果知道沒有了歡喜也沒了快樂,沒有了焦慮也沒了恐懼,人們可能很難存活。他們有可能重復(fù)傷害自己的行為，卻認(rèn)為這是有益的。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第一段“Theycouldnotlearn：theycouldnotbenefitfromexperiencebecausethisemotionlessworldwouldlackrewardsandpunishments.”因?yàn)闆]有情感的世界里根本不存在獎(jiǎng)懲,所以人們無法學(xué)習(xí)。反之,如果因?yàn)樽隽苏_的事情而得到了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),那么人們就可能會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文內(nèi)容。

3.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Society’seconomicunderpinningswouldbedestroyed:sincetherewouldbenoincentivesofanykind.”社會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)將被摧毀:因?yàn)闆]有任何形式的激勵(lì)。所以,社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)依賴于享受激勵(lì)的能力。選項(xiàng)C正確。

4.根據(jù)第二段的第一句,“Insuchaworld,thechancesthatthehumanspecieswouldsurvivearenexttozero,becauseemotionsarethebasicinstrumentofoursurvivalandadaptation.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.根據(jù)原文的最后一段可知,“Emotionsstructuretheworldforusinimportantways.Asindividuals,wecategorizeobjectsonthebasisofouremotions.”情感在很多重要的方面構(gòu)造了世界。作為個(gè)體，我們會(huì)根據(jù)自己的情緒來分類物品。由此可見,情感可以幫助我們適應(yīng)周圍的世界，選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

14.單選題

Reading（）themindonlywithmaterialsofknowledge;itisthinkingthatmakeswhatwereadours.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rectifies

B.prolongs

C.furnishes

D.qualifies

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。rectifies改正；prolongs延長(zhǎng)；furnishes提供；qualifies準(zhǔn)予，取得資格。furnish…with提供…;句意：閱讀只為心靈提供知識(shí)素材，只有思考才能讓我們閱讀的內(nèi)容成為我們自己的知識(shí)。只有C項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

AIDSisaglobalproblemthatdemandsaunified,worldwidesolution,whichisnotonlytheresponsibilityofnationinwhichAIDSismost（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.vigorous

B.prevalent

C.relevant

D.rigorous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B選項(xiàng)prevalent“流行的；普遍的，廣傳的”；C選項(xiàng)relevant“相關(guān)的；切題的”；D選項(xiàng)rigorous“嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)厲的”。句意：艾滋病是一個(gè)全球性的問題，需要一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的、全球性的解決辦法，而不僅是艾滋病盛行的國家的責(zé)任。句意要表達(dá)的是“艾滋病盛行的國家”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

In___timeshumanbeingsdidnottravelforpleasurebuttofindamorefavorableclimate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.prime

B.primitive

C.primary

D.preliminary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)prime“主要的；最好的；基本的”；B選項(xiàng)primitive“原始的，遠(yuǎn)古的；簡(jiǎn)單的，粗糙的”；C選項(xiàng)primary“主要的；初級(jí)的；基本的”；D選項(xiàng)preliminary“初步的；開始的；預(yù)備的”。句意：在原始時(shí)代，人類旅行不是為了娛樂，而是為了尋找更適宜的氣候。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Theeliminationofinflationwouldensurethattheamountofmoneyusedinrepayingaloanwouldhave______astheamountofmoneyborrowed.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.asthesamevalue

B.thesamevalue

C.valueasthesame

D.thevalueisthesame

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。句子中的空格部分做賓語從句中的賓語成分，故可排除D選項(xiàng)；“與……相同”可用“as…as”和“thesameas”，無“asthesameas”這種表達(dá)；二者的區(qū)別為：as+adj/adv.+as；thesame(+n.)as，故可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)，根據(jù)句意：消除通貨膨脹應(yīng)確保還貸的錢應(yīng)與所貸款的價(jià)值相同。可知B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

WhenRobertShiller,aYaleeconomistandbestsellingauthor,toldacrowdoffinanceprofessorsandeconomicsstudentslastspringthatonly10percentofhismoneywasinvestedinstocks,theygasped.

Managersmightsuggestanywherefrom50to90percent.But10percent?Thiswasheresy.

Howabout0percent?

That’sthesharethatinvestorsshouldplowintodomesticstocks,accordingtoBenInker,directorofassetallocationforGrantham,Mayo,andVanOtterloo&,Co.(GMO),amoney-managementfirmwithsome$85billioninassets.

Welcometoacontrarianviewoftoday'sequitymarkets.Asmallbutvocalbandofhereticsiscallingintoquestionnotonlytheprofitpotentialofstocksbutalsothefoundationforconventionalwisdomaboutinvesting.Evenforthosewhodisagreewiththem,theirargumentsserveasarealitycheckforthemarket.

Areconventionalportfoliosreallyassafeasexpertssay?

“Don’tbesurprisedthattheWallStreetbrokeragefirmsspendmostoftheirtimetellingyouthatstocksarecheap,”warnsMr.Inker.“WallStreetlikesthemarket.Itlikestrading.WallStreetmakesalotmoremoneyoffoftradingstocksthantradingbonds.”

Thetrickistodetermineyourportfolio’sexposuretorisk,analystssay.Andthatdepends——toasurprisinglylargedegreeonhowdiversifieditisandhowlongyou’repreparedtostaythecourse.Thesearekeyelementsof“modemportfoliotheory,”whichcameintobeinginthe1950sandeventuallywonitscreator,HarryMarkowitz,aNobelPrize

Essentially,portfoliotheoryholdsthatinvestorsreapthegreatestreturnwiththeleastriskwhentheyallocatetheirmoneyamongdiverseclassesofassets,holdthemforthelongterm,andrebalancetheportfoliowhenthevariousclassesofassetsstraytoofarfromtheiroriginalallocation.

Tomakeitwork,youneedtoownassetclassesthatdon'tmoveinlockstep,makeaccurateestimatesoftheirfuturereturns,anduseaverylongtimehorizon.Amiscalculationinevenoneofthesesteps,however,canseriouslyhurltheprospectsforreachingyourultimategoal.

“Thelong-termnatureisthedrivingforceoftheportfolio,”saysJerryKorabilk,vicepresidentofIbbotsonAssociates,aChicago-basedassetallocationadviser.“Allofourclientsareinstitutions,andwedevelopportfolioswith10-,20-,even30-yeartimehorizons.”

Ridingtherollercoaster

Thus,investorsshouldnevertrytogetinandoutofthemarketatspecifictimes,thetheoryholds.Instead,theyshouldridetheinevitableebbandflowofprices.Iftheyhaveallocatedtheirmoneycorrectly,someportionoftheirportfoliowillalmostalwaysbemakingmoney.Byrebalancingtheirportfoliosperiodically——sellingoffsomeofthewinningassetclassesandbuyingmoreofthelosers—theyarecontinuallybuyinglowandsellinghigh,atleastinarelativesense.

Thisbuy-and-holdstrategyhaswonoverhordesofinvestors.TheaverageFidelityretirementaccounthasnearly60percentofitsmoneyinstocks,arecentstudyfound.Theoverallaverageforretirementaccounts:61percent,accordingtotheEmployeeBenefitResearchInstitute.Evenequityallocationsforcollegeanduniversityendowmentshoveraround57.1percent,saystheNationalAssociationofCollegeandUniversityBusinessOfficers.

Theproblemisthatinvestorssometimeshavetobeextraordinarilypatientforthestrategytopayoff.In1981,forexample,theS&P500indexstoodatthesamelevelitfirstachievedin1965.Todaytheindexisabout30percentlowerthanitspeakin2000.Doinvestorsreallyhavetoputupwithsuchlongperiodsoflosses?

Profitsofimpatience

No,sayasmallcontingentofmoneymanagers.Byavoidingthestockmarketastheirprimaryengineforprofitduringthepastfiveyears,severalofthesemanagershavepostedgoodreturns.

TakethePermanentPortfolioF