考研考博-英語-廈門大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-廈門大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Heavyrainswerecausinginundationandmuchdamagethroughoutthecountry.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.muchinconvenience

B.seriousconcern

C.overflowofwater

D.humanmisery

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。inundation“洪水”；A選項(xiàng)muchinconvenience“很多不便”；B選項(xiàng)seriousconcern“高度關(guān)注”；C選項(xiàng)overflowofwater“水的泛濫”；D選項(xiàng)humanmisery“人類的苦難”。句意：暴雨在整個(gè)國(guó)家造成洪水和很多損毀。由題干中的“Heavyrains暴雨”可推知inundation在這里有“洪水”的意思，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thefootballclubwill

newmembersthefirstweeknextmonth.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.subscribe

B.absorb

C.register

D.recruit

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。Subscribe“簽署”；absorb“吸收；吸引”；register“登記”；recruit“征募”。句意：下個(gè)月第一周這個(gè)足球俱樂部會(huì)招募新成員。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Whereassuddengreatdisastersareinstantaneous,others,suchasdroughts,are（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.cumulative

B.formidable

C.eternal

D.prospective

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative累積的，漸增的；formidable可怕的，強(qiáng)大的；eternal永恒的，不朽的；prospective預(yù)期的，未來的。句意：盡管突發(fā)的大災(zāi)難是瞬間的，然而其他災(zāi)難，比如干旱卻是___。由whereas表示對(duì)比關(guān)系可知此空應(yīng)選與“instantaneous即刻的，即時(shí)的”意思相反的詞，故A項(xiàng)“累積的”符合題意，答案A

4.單選題

Cultural______indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)translation“翻譯”；B選項(xiàng)transition“轉(zhuǎn)變，變遷”；C選項(xiàng)transmission“傳播，傳遞”；D選項(xiàng)transaction“交易，業(yè)務(wù)”。根據(jù)handtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother可知C選項(xiàng)符合語義。句意：文化傳播意味著人類將他們的語言代代相傳。

5.單選題

Itisnotcompatiblewiththeequalitarianidealthatthereshouldbesharpdifferencesinthescaleofmonetaryrewardforservicesperformed.InNewZealand,careoftheunderdoghaslongsincebeenamoreimportantconsiderationthanisthecaseinmanyothercountries.Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement.Thecountry’scitizenshavecometoregardsocialsecurityastheirinalienableright,butbytakingtooreadilyforgrantedtheState’sobligationtowardsthemselvestheyareapttolosesightoftheconversepropositionthattheythemselveshaveobligationstotheState.

Thereluctancetorewardskilledlaboratratescalculatedtoprovideanincentiveforacquiringskillhasitscounterpartinthereluctancetoremuneratethenations’bestscholarsandscientistsonascalesufficienttokeepafairproportionofthemathome.

Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree.Underanycircumstances,regardlessofmonetaryreward,theintellectualelitewouldbetemptedtogoabroadinsearchofawiderfieldofendeavorthancanbefoundinsosmallacountryasNewZealand.

Inasocietywheregreatwealthisregardedasantisocial,itisnaturalthatostentationshouldbelookedataskance.Marksofdistinctionareliabletobehandicap.Forinstance,thepoliticianwhoacceptsatitledoesnotusuallyimprovehischancesofgainingorretainingofficebydoingso.RichardSeddon,itwillberemembered,consistentlyanddoubtlesswisely,refusedtoacceptaknighthood.Wealthcarrieswithitaminimumofprestige;itisapositivedisadvantagetotheaspiranttoapoliticalcareer.StronglymarkedindividualityoreccentricityareseldominevidenceamongNewZealanders,andevenwheretheydoexist,thequalitiesaretoleratedratherthanappreciated.Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.“Infaceandfeature,inmindandtaste,”writesGreenbie,“themodernNewZealandersaresomuchalikethatitishardtorememberthenamesofpersonsyoumeetcasuallyforlackofdistinguishingcharacteristicstowhichtheeyecancling.”

Underconditionssuchasthosedescribedabove,itisnotsurprisingthatnoprivilegedclassshouldhavecomeintoexistencethroughlongpossessionoflandedestateorotherpermanentsourceofincome.Nevertheless,theclaimthatNewZealandershavedevelopedaclasslesssocietycanscarcelybesubstantiated.Snobbery,whendiscouragedinonequarter,.ispronetoappearinsomenewformelsewhere.RecentinvestigationsbyA.A.CongaltonandR.J.Havighurstshowthatthereisafairlywelldefinedanduniversalappreciationofthegraduatedsocialstatusattachingtovarioussocialoccupations.Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.Incidentally,theinvestigationalsobroughttolightthefactthatanyattempttoinquireintotheexistenceofsocialdistinctionswithinthecommunityinvariablyrousedresentment.

Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbeliefthatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.Inpioneerdays,whenhandswerefewandsubsistencehardtowin,itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.Atthebeginningofthegreatslump,whenForbesthePrimeMinister,shockedatwhatthehadseenofthe“dole”duringavisittoEngland,declaredthatsolongasheretainedofficetherewouldbenopaymentwithoutwork,hiswordsappealedtoamoralpreceptdeeplyinculcatednotonlyinthemindsofreactionariesbutofmanyradicalsaswell.

1.OneresultofNewZealand’sefforttoabolishpovertyis______.

2.Somehighabilitypeoplepreferacareeroverseasbecauseof______.

3.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribestheNewZealandsociety?

4.NewZealandisnotaclasslesssocietyinthat______.

5.Ifpeoplebelievethatworkhasavirtueinitsownright,theywilldoallthefollowingEXCEPT______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sharpdifferencesbetweentherichandthepoor

B.theegalitarianidealbecomesincompatible

C.careoftheunderdogbecomesmoreimportant

D.skilllearningandself-improvementarenotdesired

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.fiercecompetitionathome

B.highersocialstatusoverseas

C.moreopportunitiesabroad

D.monetaryrewardathome

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Ostentation

B.Eccentricity

C.Individuality

D.Conformity

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.snobberyisdiscouragedeverywhereinNewZealand

B.peoplewithmorewealthseemtoenjoyahighsocialstatus

C.thedifferencebetweentherichandthepoorisgreat

D.NewZealandersdon’thaveapermanentsourceofincome

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.seeidlenessasavice

B.trytheirbestnottobeidle

C.notacceptaprivilegedclass

D.inquireintosocialdistinctions

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第一段第三句Successivegovernmentsmayclaimwithsomejusticetohaveabolishedpoverty,butthishasnotbeendonewithouttheretakingplaceanarrowingofmarginsbetweentherewardsforskilledandunskilledlabor,withitsconsequentdenialofincentivetoacquireskill,tostriveforself-improvement（歷屆政府可能會(huì)不無道理地宣稱已經(jīng)消除了貧困，但這一切都發(fā)生在對(duì)熟練工人和非熟練工人的報(bào)酬差距縮小的情況下，這就剝奪了人們獲得技能、追求自我提高的動(dòng)力）。D選項(xiàng)“技能學(xué)習(xí)和自我提高都不受歡迎”，文章第一段提到，消除貧困的結(jié)果就是剝奪了人們獲得技能，追求自我提高的動(dòng)力，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“貧富之間的巨大差異”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。C選項(xiàng)“照顧弱者變得更加重要”，文章所說，照顧弱者早已成為比其他許多國(guó)家更重要的考慮因素，而不是消除貧困所帶來的結(jié)果，可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

2.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文中第三段第一句Thefactisoftendeploredthatsomanyyoungmenofthehighestabilityprefertotakeupacareeroverseas,butitisdoubtfulwhetherhighersalarieswouldstemtheirexodusinmorethanaminordegree（事實(shí)往往令人遺憾的是，如此多的最有能力的年輕人寧愿在海外工作，但更高的薪水是否能阻止他們離開，而不僅僅是一個(gè)次要學(xué)位，這是值得懷疑的）。C選項(xiàng)“更多的機(jī)會(huì)在國(guó)外”，從文章來看，文章提到無論金錢的高低，知識(shí)精英們都會(huì)被誘惑到國(guó)外去尋找比新西蘭這樣一個(gè)小國(guó)更廣闊的領(lǐng)域，也就可以推測(cè)，海外有更多的機(jī)會(huì)，C選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容符合文章所說。A選項(xiàng)“國(guó)內(nèi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，可排除。B選項(xiàng)“海外較高的社會(huì)地位”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“國(guó)內(nèi)的金錢回報(bào)”，文章所說，無論經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)的高低，知識(shí)精英們都會(huì)被誘惑到國(guó)外去，D選項(xiàng)可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第四段倒數(shù)第三句Theruleofconformityprevails,andiftheAmericanwriter,SydneyGreenbie,istobebelieved,ithasalreadyproducedaconsiderablemeasureofstandardizationamongtheinhabitantsoftheDominion.（順從的原則占上風(fēng)，如果美國(guó)作家西德尼?格林比的話可信的話，它已經(jīng)在自治領(lǐng)居民中產(chǎn)生了相當(dāng)程度的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化）。D選項(xiàng)“遵守；符合”，從文章來看，新西蘭社會(huì)中順從原則會(huì)占上風(fēng)，可推測(cè)，遵守最能描述新西蘭社會(huì)，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“賣弄；虛飾”，文章沒有提到這一點(diǎn)，A選項(xiàng)可排除。B選項(xiàng)“古怪；怪癖”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除B選項(xiàng)。C選項(xiàng)“個(gè)性；個(gè)人”，文章所說強(qiáng)烈的個(gè)性或怪癖在新西蘭人身上很少有明顯的表現(xiàn)，即使有，這些品質(zhì)也得到容忍而不是贊賞，可排除C選項(xiàng)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干可以定位到文章第五段倒數(shù)第二句Resultsofasurveyinwhichacrosssectionofthepublicwasaskedtoansweraseriesofappositequestionsshowed,forexample,thatdoctors,lawyers,andbigbusinessmenweregradedaboveheadsofGovernmentDepartments,clergymen,anduniversityprofessors;thatofficeworkersratedhigherthanshopassistants,minersthanwharflaborers,andsoon.（醫(yī)生、律師、大商人等級(jí)高于政府部門負(fù)責(zé)人、神職人員、大學(xué)教授”等一系列相關(guān)問題的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，“醫(yī)生、律師、大商人等級(jí)高于政府部門負(fù)責(zé)人、神職人員、大學(xué)教授等級(jí)”；辦公室工作人員比店員得分高，礦工比碼頭工人得分高，等等）。也就可以推測(cè)，新西蘭社會(huì)是存在著階級(jí)關(guān)系，并且造成階級(jí)關(guān)系明顯的就是貧富差距。C選項(xiàng)“富人和窮人之間的差別很大”，符合文章內(nèi)容，貧富差距造成的階級(jí)關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“在新西蘭，勢(shì)利是不受歡迎的”，文章所說，勢(shì)力如果被禁止，那么它就會(huì)在別的地方新出現(xiàn)，可排除A選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)“富有的人似乎享有較高的社會(huì)地位”，文章沒有提到富人會(huì)享受更高的社會(huì)地位，B選項(xiàng)可排除。D選項(xiàng)“新西蘭人沒有固定的收入來源”，文章沒有提到此內(nèi)容，可排除。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到文章最后一段。D選項(xiàng)“探究社會(huì)差異”，文章沒有提到這個(gè)內(nèi)容，人們不會(huì)去探究社會(huì)的差異，D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“把懶惰看成一種惡習(xí)”，可以定位到文章第六段第二句Itwasindeedacrimetoremainidle,andthehabitofseeingidlenessasavicehasendured.（整天無所事事確實(shí)是一種罪過，把無所事事視為惡習(xí)的習(xí)慣一直存在著），也就是把懶惰看成一種惡習(xí)，A選項(xiàng)正確。B選項(xiàng)“盡量不閑著”，文章第六段第一句workhasavirtueinitsownright,withoutregardtoitsusefulness.（工作本身有一種優(yōu)點(diǎn)，不管它有沒有用處），當(dāng)人們把工作視為一種美德的時(shí)候，那么可推測(cè)，人們會(huì)自愿出去工作，B選項(xiàng)可排除。C選項(xiàng)“不接受特權(quán)階級(jí)”，文章第六段第一句Aprivilegedclassbeingalsoaleisuredclass,itsrejectionisinkeepingwithadeep-seatedbelief.（特權(quán)階級(jí)也是一個(gè)悠閑的階級(jí)，對(duì)它的排斥與一種根深蒂固的信念是一致的），可推測(cè)如果人們?nèi)スぷ?，便不?huì)接受特權(quán)，C選項(xiàng)可排除。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

（

）thatmanyanimalsseemtobehighlysensitivetovarioussignalsassociatedwithearthquakes,thebasicquestionremainsofhowthisbehaviorcanbeputtouseinearthquakeprediction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Considering

B.Provided

C.Granted

D.Assuming

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞詞義辨析題。A選項(xiàng)的consideringthat“鑒于……，就……而論，考慮到”;B選項(xiàng)的providedthat“如果，條件是，倘若”；C選項(xiàng)的grantedthat“即使，假定”;D選項(xiàng)的assumingthat“假定”。根據(jù)句意‘即使許多動(dòng)物似乎對(duì)于地震有關(guān)的各種信號(hào)具有高度的敏感性，根本問題仍然是如何能將此習(xí)性在預(yù)報(bào)地震中加以運(yùn)用’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Hesaiditwasimportanttoputinthehours,butitwasnotjustthehoursthat（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.affected

B.counted

C.focused

D.faltered

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。affect“影響，感染，感動(dòng)”；count“計(jì)算，認(rèn)為，起作用，值得考慮”；focus“使集中，使聚焦”；falter“支吾地說，畏縮，蹣跚”。根據(jù)句意‘他說，投入時(shí)間是重要的，但是（

）不只是時(shí)間?！_定B選項(xiàng)count“起作用”正確。

8.單選題

Itistimethatsomeonemadehim（

）oftheeffectsofhisactions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unconscious

B.aware

C.assured

D.thoughtful

【答案】B

【解析】考察形容詞詞義辨析。unconscious“無意識(shí)的；失去知覺的”；aware“意識(shí)到的;知道的”；assured“確定的；自信的”；thoughtful“體貼的”。句意：應(yīng)該有人使他意識(shí)到他的行為的影響了。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Thiscountry'sdevelopmentofsciencewasgreatlyunderminedforlargenumbersofscientific（）wereejectedfromtheirmotherlandsincethedictatorcameintopower.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.galaxy

B.elite

C.personnel

D.swarm

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:galaxy“銀河”；B:elite“精英”；C:personnel“全體人員”；D:swarm“一大群”。句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的科學(xué)發(fā)展受到嚴(yán)重破壞，因?yàn)樽詮莫?dú)裁者掌握政權(quán)，大量的科學(xué)精英就離開了故鄉(xiāng)。由句意可知B為正確答案。

10.單選題

Alanisagoodfootballplayerandneverbreaks______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.legal

B.regulations

C.limitation

D.agreement

【答案】B

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)legal“法律的；合法的”；B選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)則，法規(guī)”；C選項(xiàng)limitation“起限制作用的規(guī)則（limitationsonimports進(jìn)口限制）”；D選項(xiàng)agreement“協(xié)定，協(xié)議”。句意：艾倫是一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，從不違反______。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是艾倫從不違反足球比賽的規(guī)則，B選項(xiàng)regulations“規(guī)則”符合題意。C選項(xiàng)limitation強(qiáng)調(diào)的是限制，不符合語境。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

ItwaswithgreatdelightthatIreadinyourFebruary（）thelettertotheeditorwrittenbyProf.Johnson.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issue

B.printing

C.magazine

D.copy

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A:issue“（報(bào)刊或雜志）期刊”；B:printing“印刷;印刷術(shù)”；C:magazine“雜志”；D:copy“一份；復(fù)制品”。句意：非常高興拜讀了貴刊二月的一期中所登載有關(guān)約翰遜教授致編輯的信。結(jié)合此處語義，A為正確答案。

12.單選題

Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess（）whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.incaseof

C.infavorof

D.inviewof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。intermsof依據(jù)，在…方面；incaseof以免；infavorof有利于，支持；inviewof鑒于，考慮到。句意：從談判的過程中，你期待能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情的方面，了解潛在合作伙伴的談判條件的靈活性為談判過程提供了重要的視角。空格后的內(nèi)容是談判的一方面，故A項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Eventhoughtheinvestigationhasbeengoingonfortwomonths,thepolicehave（）nofurtherdetailsabouttheaccident.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comprised

B.formulated

C.released

D.incorporated

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。comprised包含，由...組成；formulated構(gòu)想出，規(guī)劃；released發(fā)布，發(fā)行；incorporated包含，把...合并。根據(jù)句意可知警方是沒有“發(fā)布”消息。故選C。

14.單選題

Readthefollowingtwolettersofajournal’seditorialhouse.

LetterOneTo:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

Re:ManuscriptNumber…

Title...

Authors…

DearDr.Brown,

Thepaperdescribes…Thisisatopicwhichwouldbenefitfromadditionalworksuchasthatdescribedinthemanuscript.However,amajorconcernwiththepaperistheinterpretationandreferencingoftheliteratureintheIntroductionandDiscussion.RelatedtothisisalackofintegrationwithpreviousworktoexplainaspectsoftheMethods.Thepaperneedsre-interpretationafterathoroughinvestigationoftheliterature.Irecommendthatthepaperinitscurrentformberejectedbutbelievethatitmaybesuitableforyourjournalaftermajorrevision.

Introduction

TheIntroductionhasincorrectlycited[Brownetal.(1981.)]whoactuallyshowedthat…

Methods

FactorsrelevanttothechoiceofMethodsare:1)howoldweretheculturesthatwereused?2)Doestheageoftheculturematerialaffecttheresults?

Results

ThemainclaimbytheauthorsthattheirResultsshowedthat…isnotcorrect.Theirstatementthattheresultsshow...needscorrection.

Discussion

RelevantreferencesseemtohavebeenoverlookedinboththeIntroductionandDiscussionsections,including…

Otherqueriesandsuggestionsarepenciledonthemanuscript.

Yourssincerely,CDSmith

LetterTwoFrom:Dr.ABBrown,

Editor,Journalof...

DearDr.Zhu,

Ienclosethereferees’reportsonyourpaperentitled...Therefereesagreethatthepapercontainsmuchgoodmaterial.However,theyhaverecommendedthatitneedsconsiderablerevisionbeforeitcanbepublished.Inparticular,Idrawtoyourattentionthefollowingcommentsbythereferees.

Referee1:

TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation,particularlyaboutthesamplingmethodsused.

TheresultsinTables1and2arecloselyrelatedandcanbecombinedintoasingletable.

Theconclusionthatthereisastrongpositivecorrelationbetweenthenumberoforganismsandsoilsalinityneedsastrongerstatisticalbasis.

TheresultsinFigure3areverypreliminary—thisreallyrequiresanothersurvey.Ifthisisnotpossible,theFigureshouldbedeleted.

Referee2:

ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection,asindicatedonthetypescript

TheDiscussionisnotwellfocusedanddoesnotincludesomeimportantrelevantpublications,e.g.Jonesetal.(2000).‘...’intheJournalof...

Theconclusionisinterestingbutcanbegreatlystrengthened.Inparticular,thefindingsaredifferentfromthoseofWalteretal.(1997)intheJournalof…,astudydoneintheUSA.TheworkinyourpaperisinfactthefirststudyofitskindoutsideEuropeandNorthAmericaandthisshouldbehighlighted.

Thereareothercommentsintheenclosedreports,andsomecorrectionshavebeenmadetotheEnglishonthetypescripts.Ifyoucanrevisethepaperalongthelinessuggestedandresubmitby...thenIwillconsideritsacceptabilityforpublicationintheJournalwithoutfurtherreferencetoreferees.

However,additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary.

Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.

Yourssincerely,ABBrown36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Referee1

B.Referee2

C.Editor

D.Unclear

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.No.

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.problematicwithinadequateinformation

B.well-written

C.overlydelicate

D.notwellfocused

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”

C.“Beingmorefocused”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewing

B.bedirectlyaccepted

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeing

D.notmentionedintheletter

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】36.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

36.ByintegratingLetterTwo,wecanfigureoutthatthewriterofLetterOneis______.36.結(jié)合第二封信，我們可以得出第一封信的作者是______。

A.Referee1A.審稿人1

B.Referee2B.審稿人2

C.EditorC.編輯

D.UnclearD.不清楚

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)第一封信中的discussion部分提到的“在引言和討論部分，相關(guān)的參考文獻(xiàn)似乎都被忽略了”，以及第二封信對(duì)referee2的描述“討論的重點(diǎn)不明確，也沒有包括一些重要的相關(guān)出版物（relevantpublications）”，我們可以推測(cè)出第一封信的作者是referee2，因此該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

37.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

37.AccordingtoLetterOne,willthesubmittedpaperbeaccepted?37.根據(jù)第一封信，提交的論文會(huì)被接受嗎？

A.No.A.不會(huì)。

B.Yes,withsomeminorrevision.B.是的，稍微修改了一下。

C.Yes,butinneedofconsiderablerevision.C.是的，但需要大量修改。

D.No,suggestingtheauthortosubmittoanotherjournal.D.不會(huì)，建議作者向其他雜志投稿。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】LetterOne中第一段最后一句提到“以目前的形式，我建議拒絕這篇論文（rejected），但相信經(jīng)過大量修改后，它可能適合您的期刊”，可知，提交的論文會(huì)被拒絕，而且需要大量修改。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B、C選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)中“建議作者向其他雜志投稿”沒提到，屬于無中生有。

38.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

38.TworefereesbothagreethattheMethodsSectionofthepaperis______.38.兩位審稿人都同意論文的方法部分是______。

A.problematicwithinadequateinformationA.信息不足的問題

B.well-writtenB.寫的很好

C.overlydelicateC.過于精細(xì)

D.notwellfocusedD.不是很關(guān)注

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo中兩位referee對(duì)方法部分的描述，referee1認(rèn)為“方法部分沒有提供足夠的信息（TheMethodssectiondoesnotgivesufficientinformation）”，referee2認(rèn)為“方法部分有不足之處（ThereareinadequaciesintheMethodssection）”；綜合理解可知，兩位審稿人都認(rèn)為論文方法部分信息不足，A項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

C、D選項(xiàng)沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

39.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

39.DifferentfromReferee1,Referee2alsoaddressedsomepointstobehighlightedintheConclusionSectionlike______.39.與審稿人1不同的是，審稿人2也在結(jié)論部分強(qiáng)調(diào)了一些要點(diǎn)，如______。

A.“Inneedofstatisticalanalysestosupportthestrongpositivecorrelation”A.“需要統(tǒng)計(jì)分析來支持強(qiáng)烈的正相關(guān)”

B.“Elaboratinguponthispart”B.“闡述此部分”

C.“Beingmorefocused”C.“更關(guān)注”

D.“Stressingitspioneeringinnon-Westerncountries”D.“強(qiáng)調(diào)其在非西方國(guó)家的開拓性”

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】定位LetterTwo中對(duì)referee2的描述，根據(jù)最后一句“你論文中的工作實(shí)際上是第一個(gè)在歐洲和北美以外（outsideEuropeandNorthAmerica）的同類研究，這一點(diǎn)應(yīng)該得到強(qiáng)調(diào)（shouldbehighlighted）”，可知，審稿人2認(rèn)為應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)論文中的研究實(shí)際上是除歐洲和北美之外的關(guān)于這方面的第一個(gè)研究，D項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、B、C選項(xiàng)均不符合原文，屬于曲解原文。

40.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

40.Afterfinishinguptherequiredrevisions,thesubmittedpaperwill______.40.完成要求的修改后，提交的論文將______。

A.undergoanotherroundofpeerreviewingA.接受另一輪同行評(píng)審

B.bedirectlyacceptedB.直接接受

C.stillpossiblyreceiveadditionalrefereeingC.還可能受到額外的審稿

D.notmentionedintheletterD.信中沒有提到

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)LetterTwo最后一句“但是，可能需要額外的審稿（additionalrefereeingmaybenecessary）”，可知，按照要求修改論文后可能還有其他的審稿程序，C項(xiàng)與原文表達(dá)相同。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)中的“同行評(píng)審”沒有提到，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)與原文相反，屬于反向干擾；

D選項(xiàng)也屬于反向干擾，文中提到了這一點(diǎn)。

15.單選題

Takethecaseofpubliceducationalone.Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.Inviewofthetechnologicalimprovementsinthelastfewyears,businesswillrequireinthefutureproportionatelyfewerworkersthaneverbefore.Theresultwillbestillfurtherraisingofthelegalageforgoingintoemployment,andstillfurtherdifficultyinfindingemploymentwhenthatagehasbeenattained.Ifwecannotputourchildrentowork,wemustputtheminschool.

Wemayalsobequiteconfidentthatthepresenttrendtowardashorterdayandashorterweekwillbemaintained.Wehavedevelopedandshallcontinuetohaveanewleisureclass.Alreadythepublicagenciesforadulteducationareswampedbythetidethathassweptoverthemsincethedepressionbegan.Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.

Itissurelytoomuchtohopethattheseincreasesinthecostofpubliceducationcanbebornebythelocalcommunities.Theycannotcareforthepresentrestrictedandinadequatesystem.Thelocalcommunitieshavefailedintheireffortstocopewithunemployment.Theycannotexpecttocopewithpubliceducationonthescaleonwhichwemustattemptit.TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.Ifthereisonethinginwhichthecitizensofallpartsofthecountryhaveaninterest,itisinthedecenteducationofthecitizensofallpartsofthecountry.Ourincometaxnowgoesinparttokeepourneighborsalive.Itmayhavetogoinpartaswelltomakeourneighborsintelligent.WearenowattemptingtopreservethepresentgenerationthroughFederalreliefofthedestitute（貧民）.OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.Whatisthereasonfortheincreaseinthenumberofstudents?

3.Thepublicagenciesforadulteducationwillbelittlebetteroffbecause（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationisthattheFederalgovernment

（

）.

5.Whydoestheauthorsay“OnlyapeopledeterminedtoruinthenextgenerationwillrefusesuchFederalfundsaspubliceducationmayrequire”(Lines11-13,Para.3)（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Howtopersuadelocalcommunitiestoprovidemorefunds.

B.Howtocopewiththeshortageoffundsforpubliceducation.

C.Howtoimprovethepubliceducationsystem.

D.Howtosolvetherisingunemploymentproblem.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Therequirementofeducatedworkersbybusiness.

B.Thetrendtowardashorterworkday.

C.Raisingofthelegalageforgoingtowork.

D.People’sconcernforthefutureofthenextgeneration.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theunemployedaretoopoortocontinuetheireducation

B.anewleisureclasshasdeveloped

C.theyarestillsufferingfromthedepression

D.anincreaseintaxescouldbeaproblem

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.shouldallocateFederalfundsforpubliceducation

B.shoulddemandthatlocalcommunitiesprovidesupport

C.shouldraisetaxestomeettheneedsofpubliceducation

D.shouldfirstofallsolvetheproblemofunemployment

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.OnlybyappropriatinganadequateFederalfundsforeducationcanthenextgenerationhaveabrightfuture.

B.CitizensatallpartsofthecountryagreethatthebestwaytosupporteducationistouseFederalfunds.

C.Peoplealloverthecountryshouldmakecontributionstoeducationintheinterestofthenextgeneration.

D.EducatedpeoplearedeterminedtousepartoftheFederalfundstohelpthepoor.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。本文主要講的是法定就業(yè)年齡的提高以及就業(yè)難度大等問題導(dǎo)致更多的人轉(zhuǎn)而接受教育。但是由于經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條的原因，公共機(jī)構(gòu)以及社區(qū)無法為教育提供資金。作者認(rèn)為只有依靠聯(lián)邦救濟(jì)才能解決問題。選項(xiàng)A“如何說服當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)提供更多的資金”顯然不符合原文；選項(xiàng)C“如何完善公共教育體系”不正確，本文主要涉及的是資金問題而不是教育體系的問題；選項(xiàng)D“如何解決日益嚴(yán)重的失業(yè)問題”不是本文的重點(diǎn)，本文的重點(diǎn)是解決教育資金短缺的問題，所以選項(xiàng)D不正確，選項(xiàng)B“如何解決公共教育經(jīng)費(fèi)短缺的問題”正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段的二三句“Theprincipaldifficultyfacedbytheschoolshasbeenthetremendousincreaseinthenumberofpupils.Thishasbeencausedbytheadvanceofthelegalageforgoingintoindustryandtheimpossibilityoffindingajobevenwhenthelegalagehasbeenreached.”學(xué)校面臨的主要困難是學(xué)生人數(shù)的大量增加。這是由于進(jìn)入工業(yè)的法定年齡提高了，即使到了法定年齡也不可能找到工作。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“publicagenciesforadulteducation”定位到第二段的內(nèi)容“Theywillbelittlebetteroffwhenitisover.Theirsupportmustcomefromthetaxpayer.”當(dāng)一切結(jié)束時(shí)，他們（成人教育公共機(jī)構(gòu)）的境況也不會(huì)好多少。他們的支持必須來自納稅人。由此可知，他們的主要問題在于稅收，而涉及稅收的只有選項(xiàng)D。

第4題:判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TheanswertotheproblemofunemploymenthasbeenFederalrelief.Theanswertotheproblemofpubliceducationmayhavetobemuchthesame,andproperlyso.”解決失業(yè)問題的辦法是聯(lián)邦救濟(jì)。公共教育問題的答案可能必須也是一樣的，而且確實(shí)如此。由此可推斷，聯(lián)邦政府應(yīng)該為公共教育籌集聯(lián)邦資金。選項(xiàng)A正確。

第5題:判斷推理題。這句話的意思是“只有一個(gè)決心毀滅下一代的民族才會(huì)拒絕接受公共教育可能需要的聯(lián)邦資金”，也就是說只有撥出足夠的聯(lián)邦資金來扶持教育，我們的下一代才能有光明的前途。選項(xiàng)A正確；選項(xiàng)B中的“Citizensatallpartsofthecountry”表述錯(cuò)誤，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)只是作者提出的，原文也沒有提及全體公民都同意這一觀點(diǎn)；選項(xiàng)C“為了下一代的利益，全國(guó)人民應(yīng)該為教育做出貢獻(xiàn)”不符合原文，作者的觀點(diǎn)是聯(lián)邦資金扶持教育而不是全國(guó)人民作出貢獻(xiàn)；選項(xiàng)D“受過教育的人決心用聯(lián)邦基金的一部分來幫助窮人”在文中沒有信息涉及，所以不正確。

16.翻譯題

II.(本題3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.The