考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-南開大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

SheisoneofthefewpeoplehereIcanunderstandproperly,shepronouncesallherwordsso_______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.exactly

B.distinctly

C.distinctively

D.distinguishably

【答案】B

【解析】exactly精確地；distinctly明顯地，清晰地；distinctively特殊地；distinguishably可區(qū)別地，辨認(rèn)得出。句意：她是我能聽懂的為數(shù)不多的幾個人之一，她把所有的字都讀得很清楚。

由題意可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)此人發(fā)音清晰，故選B。

2.單選題

AsmoreandmoreAfricanAmericansmovedawayfromsegregatedhousing,theyhadlessconnectiontothevernacularandmoreoccasiontospeakstandardAmericanEnglish.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restricted

B.isolated

C.outdated

D.exhausted

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.restricted限制，限定（數(shù)量、范圍等）B.isolated（使）隔離，孤立

C.outdated（新東西）使過時D.exhausted使筋疲力盡

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】segregated的意思為“隔離并區(qū)別對待（不同種族、宗教或性別的人）”，這里指的是這些房屋和其他地方是隔離開的，非裔美國人就住在這片區(qū)域，isolated與之詞義相近，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】隨著越來越多的非裔美國人搬離被隔開的住房，他們與當(dāng)?shù)胤窖缘穆?lián)系越來越少，在更多場合中說標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的美式英語。

3.問答題

Amongtheprincipalchallengestosustainedgrowthofinternationaleconomicrelationsisthe

A

risenprotectionism,especiallyinnewandvirulentformsthatthreatenthealwaysfragilegrowth

B

C

D

oftradebetweencountriesatalllevelsofdevelopment.

【答案】試題答案：B;rising

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。risen意為“升起的”，rising意為“上升的”，此處表示指上升的保護(hù)主義。

4.單選題

Theskierswouldrather（

）throughthemountainsthangobybus.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.totravelbytrain

B.traveledbytrain

C.travelbytrain

D.travelingbytrain

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這些滑雪者寧可坐火車穿越群山而不愿意坐公交。

考查固定搭配。wouldratherdosth.寧愿、寧可、最好…。

5.單選題

ClintondeniedthemoreseriousallegationsthathehadliedunderoathabouttherelationshipandhadentreatedLewinskytodothesame.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.pleaded

B.flattered

C.deceived

D.scared

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.pleaded乞求，懇求B.flattered奉承，討好

C.deceived欺騙，蒙騙D.scared驚嚇，使害怕

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】動詞辨析。

【解題思路】entreated的意思為“懇求，乞求”，指的是克林頓懇求萊溫斯基同他一起在兩人的關(guān)系上撒謊，pleaded與之詞義相近，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)詞義與之不符。

【句意】克林頓否認(rèn)了更嚴(yán)重的指控，即他在宣誓后就兩人的關(guān)系撒了謊，并懇求萊溫斯基也這樣做。

6.填空題

MrAmescan’tcometothephone.He’stalkingtoaclientatthe（1）.

Couldyoucall（2）

（3）twentyminutes?

【答案】1.moment

2.back

3.in

【解析】1.固定搭配。Atthemoment現(xiàn)在。

2.固定搭配。Callback回電話。

3.語義題。此處表示二十分鐘后。

7.單選題

He（）spendshisholidaysinthemountainsthoughoccasionallyhegoestotheseasideinstead.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.usually

B.constantly

C.invariably

D.always

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)usually“通常，經(jīng)?！保硎绢l率高，允許有例外；B選項(xiàng)constantly“不斷地；時常地”，表示一個動作不斷發(fā)生，一成不變；C選項(xiàng)invariably“總是，不變地，一如既往的”，表示一成不變的持續(xù)動作；D選項(xiàng)always“總是，常常”，頻度為100%，表示動作重復(fù)、狀態(tài)繼續(xù)、中間沒有間斷。句意：他通常在山里度假，但偶爾去海邊。由選項(xiàng)意思和句意可知，A選項(xiàng)符合句意。

8.單選題

PeoplewhovisitmyofficeatChryslerareoftensurprisedthatIdon’thaveacomputerterminalonmydesk.Maybetheyforgetthateverythingthatcomesoutofa（1）,somebodyhastoputin.Thebiggest（2）facingAmericanbusinesstodayisthatmostmanagershavetoo（3）information.Itdazzlesthem,andtheydon’tknowwhattodo（4）itall.

Thekey（5）successisnotinformation.It’s（6）.AndthekindofpeopleI（7）fortofilltopmanagementspotsaretheeagerbeavers.Thesearetheguyswhotrytodo（8）thantheyarcexpected（9）.They’realwaysreaching.Andreachingouttothepeopletheywork（10）tryingtohelpthem（11）theirjobsbetter.That’sthe（12）theyarebuilt.

Thentherearetheotherguys,thenine-to-fivegang.Theyjustwanttogetalongandbetold（13）todo.Theysay:“1don’twanttobe（14）theratrace.Itmight（15）myheartbeat.”

Justbecauseyou（16）involvedandexcitedandreallytearintothingsdoesn’tmeanyou'll（17）ofhypertensionnextweek!

SoItrytolookforpeople（18）thatdrive.Youdon’tneed（19）.Withtwenty-fiveoftheseguys,Icould（20）thegovernmentoftheUnitedStates.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.television

B.telephone

C.computer

D.cellphone

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.problem

B.matter

C.accident

D.incident

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.many

B.few

C.little

D.much

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.with

C.of

D.for

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.to

C.for

D.with

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.myself

B.people

C.themselves

D.itself

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.look

B.like

C.hope

D.wait

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.many

B.much

C.more

D.less

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.about

C.of

D.to

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.for

C.to

D.near

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.did

B.have

C.do

D.had

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.transaction

B.relationship

C.business

D.way

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.what

B.how

C.next

D.it

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.of

B.for

C.in

D.into

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.make

B.affect

C.let

D.cause

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.have

B.had

C.got

D.get

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.catch

B.infect

C.fall

D.die

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.with

B.without

C.inside

D.outside

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.them

B.him

C.many

D.much

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.drive

B.run

C.walk

D.fight

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:B

第6題:B

第7題:A

第8題:C

第9題:D

第10題:A

第11題:C

第12題:D

第13題:A

第14題:C

第15題:B

第16題:D

第17題:D

第18題:A

第19題:C

第20題:B

【解析】1.考查名詞辨析。television“電視”;telephone“電話”；computer“電腦”；cellphone“手機(jī)”。由上文提示“Ihadn'thaveacomputerterminalonmydesk可知C項(xiàng)正確。

2.考查名詞辨析。problem“難題”；matter“事情：問題”；accident“事故”；incident“事件”。由“Itdazzlesthem它（即信息）讓他們眼花繚亂”可知此空表明美國商業(yè)如今遇到的難題，故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.考查形容詞辨析。由下文的“Itdazzlesthem”“信息使他們眼花繚亂”可知信息應(yīng)該是非常多，information為不可數(shù)名詞，故選擇much修飾，故D項(xiàng)正確。

4.考查固定搭配。dowith處理；句意：這些信息使他們眼花繚亂，他們不知道如何處理。

5.考查固定搭配。keyto…“…的關(guān)鍵”。

6.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由下文的“AndthekindofpeopleI…可知，成功的關(guān)鍵不在信息，而在于人，故B項(xiàng)正確。

7.考查固定搭配。lookfor“尋找”；hopefor“希望，期待”；waitfor“等待”。由下文“tofilltopmanagementspotsaretheeagerbeavers填補(bǔ)高層管理職位”知這里應(yīng)該是尋找這類人才，故A項(xiàng)正確。

8.考查形容詞辨析。many修飾可數(shù)名詞；much修飾不可數(shù)名詞；more和less用于比較級。由上文“eagerbeavers工作勤奮認(rèn)真的人”可知，他們應(yīng)該做比預(yù)期更多的事情，故C項(xiàng)正確。

9.考查介詞辨析。expecttodosth，期待做某事。

10.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)空前的“thepeoplethey...”知，應(yīng)該是和他們一起工作的人，即workwith，故A項(xiàng)正確。

11.考查固定搭配。helpsb.dosth.“幫助某人做某事”。

12.考查名詞辨析。transaction“交易”；relationship“關(guān)系”;business“生意”；way“方式”。上文講述的是這些人工作的方式，故D項(xiàng)正確。

13.考查引導(dǎo)詞。由上文的“thenine-to-fivegang按時上下班的一些人和getalong混日子”可推知這些人應(yīng)該是別人說什么就做什么。what表內(nèi)容，故A項(xiàng)正確。

14.考查介詞辨析。intheratrace在激烈的競爭里

15.考查動詞辨析。make“制作;使得”；affect“影響”；let“讓”;cause“造成”。根據(jù)上文“我不想處于這場激烈競爭中”可推知激烈競爭會影響我的心跳。故B項(xiàng)正確。

16.考查時態(tài)。本文全篇都用的一般現(xiàn)在時，getinvolved投入工作中。故D項(xiàng)正確。

17.考查固定搭配。dieof“死于，句意：并不意味著你下周會死于高血壓。

18.考查介詞辨析。根據(jù)上文的描述知，作者尋找的是擁有那種干勁的人，故A項(xiàng)正確。

19.考查邏輯關(guān)系。由下文“Withtwenty-fiveoftheseguys可知這里指代“你不需要那么多（人）”，故C項(xiàng)正確。

20.考查動詞辨析。drive“開車”；run“管理；經(jīng)營;運(yùn)行”；walk“走”;fight“斗爭；反對”。此句句意應(yīng)為25個人就能使美國政府運(yùn)行。

9.單選題

DrMeekwrote:“Asistruewithmostanimals,thewolfisanopportunistwhilstthedeerisoneoftheshyest（）animalsinexistence.”

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.savage

B.tame

C.wild

D.strange

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。選項(xiàng)A：savage“野蠻的，殘酷的，狂怒的；荒涼的”;選項(xiàng)B:tame“馴服的，順從的”；選項(xiàng)C:wild“野生的，野蠻的”；選項(xiàng)D：strange意為“奇怪的，陌生的”。根據(jù)題干意思，選項(xiàng)C更切合題意，正確。句意：Meek博士寫道:“就像大多數(shù)動物一樣，狼是機(jī)會主義者，而鹿是世界上最害羞的野生動物之一。”

10.單選題

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣聞軼事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狹窄的）spacethatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一個低職位員工違抗高級別領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，是為了履行其工作職貴),由此可知答案選C“因?yàn)樗且粋€有責(zé)任心的員工”。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亞特蘭大一個被隔離且沉悶的動物園內(nèi)生活27年的大猩猩),可知D項(xiàng)“隔離的”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(無論新環(huán)境多么有吸引力，都得花時間，且需要勇氣離開舒適安全的地方)。由此可知選A項(xiàng)“面對與適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是花時間且需要勇氣的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人都懂得充分利用軼事)推斷A項(xiàng)“許多有魅力的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會充分利用各類奇聞軼事與故事”正確。根據(jù)文章最后一句話Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(盡量排除那些被廣泛引用的軼事，因?yàn)樗鼈儠屄牨姼械椒ξ?推斷B“收集被廣泛運(yùn)用的軼事是一個很不錯的主意”與原文不符。根據(jù)文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(這項(xiàng)技能是非常值得學(xué)習(xí)的，因?yàn)樗軒椭蛟靷€人魅力和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能)推斷C項(xiàng)“通過閱讀書籍、雜志和時事新聞，可以打造個人魅力”與原文不符。文章并沒有說要想成為一個高效的講故事者，只需制作一個有用的奇聞軼事記錄冊。故D項(xiàng)沒有根據(jù)。因此選A。

5.判斷推理題。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在離會時很多人可能都了解了接下來的改變對員工來說意味著多大的困難),因此C項(xiàng)“能夠幫助與會人員更好理解即將到來的變化”正確。而A項(xiàng)“是個高效率的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，且習(xí)慣于向員工講故事”和B項(xiàng)“是個經(jīng)常喜歡引經(jīng)據(jù)典影響他人的人”在原文中并沒有體現(xiàn)。D項(xiàng)“習(xí)慣于引經(jīng)據(jù)典幫助員工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根據(jù)。

11.單選題

Architectsarehopelesswhenitcomestodecidingwhetherthepublicwillviewtheirdesignsasmarvelsormonstrosities,accordingtoastudybyCanadianpsychologists.Theysaydesignersshouldgobacktoschooltolearnaboutordinarypeople’stastes.

Manybuildingsthatappealtoarchitectsgetthethumbsdownfromthepublic.RobertGiffordoftheUniversityofVictoriainBritishColumbiadecidedtofindoutwhetherarchitectsunderstandpublicpreferencesandsimplydisagreewiththem,orfailtounderstandthelayperson’sview.

WithhiscolleagueGrahamBrown,heasked25experiencedarchitectstolookatphotosof42largebuildingintheUS,Canada,EuropeandHongKong.Thearchitectspredictedhowthepublicwouldratethebuildingonascaleof1to10,where1represented“terrible”and10“excellent”.Afurther27peoplewhowerenotarchitectsalsoscoredthebuildingsoutof10.Inaddition,eightarchitectsgavetheirownpersonalratingsofthebuildings.

Thethreegroupstendedtoagreeamongthemselvesonabuilding’smerits.Andarchitectscorrectlypredictedthatlaypeoplewouldonaverageratebuildingshigherthantheydidthemselves.Butforindividualbuildings,thearchitects’perceptionsofwhatthelaypeoplewouldthinkwereoftenwayoffthemark.“Somearchitectsarequitegoodatpredictinglaypreferences,butothersarenotonlypooratit,theygetitbackwards.”SaysGifford.

Forinstance,architectsgavetheStockleyParkBuildingB-3officesinLondonamoderateratingof5.2.Theythoughtthepublicwouldlikeitmuchbetter,predictingaratingof6.3.Butthepublicactuallydislikedtheoffices,andgaveit4.7.Giffordthinksthatlaypeoplerespondtospecificfeaturesofbuildings,suchasdurabilityandoriginality,andhopestopindownwhattheyare.

“Architectsinarchitectureschoolneedtobetaughthowlaypeoplethinkaboutbuildings,”Giffordconcludes.Hedoesn’tthinkdesignersshouldpandertothelowestcommondenominator,butsuggeststheyshouldaspiretowardsbuildingsthatappealtothepublicandarchitectsalike,suchastheBankofChinabuildinginHongKong.

MarcoGoldschmidtoftheRichardRogersPartnership,designersoftheMillenniumDomeinLondon,thinksthestudyisflawed.“Theauthorshaveassumed,wrongly,thatbuildingscanbemeaningfullyjudgedfromphotographsratherthanactualvisits,”hesays.Goldschmidtthinkitwouldbemoresignificantandinterestingtolookatthedivergenceofpublictastebetweengenerations.

1.Whatdosethefirstparagraphofthispassageimply?

2.Throughhisstudy,RobertGiffordfoundthat（

）.

3.FromthepassagewecanlearnthattheBankofChinabuildinginHongKong（

）.

4.MarcoGoldschmidtthinksthatGifford’sstudyisflawedbecause（

）.

5.Whatdosethepassagemainlydealwith?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Architectshaveadarkfutureindesigningmarvelousbuildings.

B.Architectsdon'tcareabouthowordinarypeopleviewtheirdesigns.

C.Itisverydifficultforarchitectstopleasethegeneralpublic.

D.Architectsdon'tknowmuchaboutthepublictastesforbuildings.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thethreegroupshadsimilarresponsestothephotosof42largebuildings

B.thearchitectsgenerallyratedbuildingslowerthanlaypeople

C.thearchitectspredictedpreciselythepreferencesoflaypeople

D.noarchitectcouldpredictthepublictastestowardsbuildingsaccurately

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.panderstothelowestcommondenominator

B.getsalowratefromthearchitects

C.appealstothepublicaswellasthearchitects

D.givesthearchitectsalotofaspiration

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.itusesphotosinsteadofactualvisits

B.itignoresthepublictastesbetweengenerations.

C.itlacksthenecessarysignificanceandinterests

D.itdoesn'ttakeintoaccountthedifferenceswithinthepublic

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Howtodesignattractivebuildings.

B.Architectsneedtounderstandpublictastes.

C.Howlaypeopleviewbuildings.

D.Differenttastesbetweenarchitectsandthepublic.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Theysaydesignersshouldgobacktoschooltolearnaboutordinarypeople'stastes.”公眾認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)該回到學(xué)校去了解普通人的品味，由此說明，設(shè)計(jì)師很難取悅大眾。選項(xiàng)C符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第四段的第一句“Thethreegroupstendedtoagreeamongthemselvesonabuilding'smerits.”可知選項(xiàng)A正確；根據(jù)第四段的第三句“Butforindividualbuildings,thearchitects’perceptionsofwhatthelaypeoplewouldthinkwereoftenwayoffthemark.”可知選項(xiàng)B和C錯誤；根據(jù)第四段的最后一句“Somearchitectsarequitegoodatpredictinglaypreferences,butothersarenotonlypooratit,theygetitbackwards.”可知選項(xiàng)D錯誤。

3.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“BankofChinabuildinginHongKong”定位到倒數(shù)第二段，Gifford認(rèn)為建筑學(xué)校的建筑師需要學(xué)習(xí)外行人如何看待建筑。他不認(rèn)為設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)該迎合最低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，但建議他們應(yīng)該追求吸引公眾和建筑師的建筑，比如香港的中國銀行大廈。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句“Goldschmidtthinkitwouldbemoresignificantandinterestingtolookatthedivergenceofpublictastebetweengenerations.”選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

5.結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要是講建筑師和公眾對建筑不同的看法。選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

TheradicaltransformationofSovietsocietyhadaprofoundimpactonwomen’slives.Marxistshadtraditionallybelievedthatbothcapitalismandthemiddleclasshusbandexploitedwomen.TheRussianRevolutionof1917immediatelyproclaimedcompleteequalityofrightsforwomen.Inthe1920sdivorceandabortionweremadeeasilyavailable,andwomenwereurgedtoworkoutsidethehomeandliberatethemselvessexually.AfterStalincametopower,sexualandfamilialliberationwasplayeddown,andthemostlastingchangesforwomeninvolvedworkandeducation.

Thesechangesweretrulyrevolutionary.Youngwomenwereconstantlytoldthattheyhadtobeequaltomen,thattheycouldandshoulddoeverythingmencoulddo.PeasantwomeninRussiahadlongexperiencedtheequalityofbackbreakingphysicallaborinthecountryside,andtheycontinuedtoenjoythatequalityoncollectivefarms.Withtheadventofthefive-year-plans,millionsofwomenalsobegantotoilinfactoriesandinheavyconstruction,buildingdams,roadsandsteelmillsinsummerheatandwinterfrost.Mostoftheopportunitiesopentomenthrougheducationwerealsoopentowomen.Determinedwomenpursuedtheirstudiesandenteredtheranksofthebetter-paidspecialistsinindustryandscience.Medicinepracticallybecameawoman’sprofession.By1950,75percentofdoctorsontheSovietUnionwerewomen.

ThusStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.Thevastmajorityofwomensimplyhadtoworkoutsidethehome.Wagesweresolowthatitwasalmostimpossibleforafamilyorcoupletoliveonlyonthehusband’searning.Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksinheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.Finally,rapidchangeandeconomichardshipledtomanybrokenfamilies,creatingfurtherphysical,emotional,andmentalstrainsforwomen.Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasruthlesslymobilizedinStalinistsociety.This,too,wasanaspectoftheSoviettotalitarianstate.

1.ThemainideaofthispassageisthatwomeninStalinistsociety（）.

2.Inthispassage,tomonopolizemeansto（）.

3.Inthispassage,mobilizedmeans（）.

4.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassageisto（）.

5.Theoverallorganizationalpatternofthispassageis（）.

6.Howaretheideaswithinthefollowingsentencerelated?“Moreover,thefull-timeworkingwomanhadaheavyburdenofhouseholdtasksheroffhours,formostSovietmeninthe1930sstillconsideredthehomeandthechildrenthewoman’sresponsibility.”

7.Theauthor’stoneinthispassagecanbestbedescribedas（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadeconomicopportunitiesthathadneverbeenavailablebefore

B.haddifficultybalancingtheirworkandfamilyresponsibilities

C.hadnewopportunitiesbutalsomanyhardships.

D.movedquicklyintothehighestlevelsofgovernment

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.hold

B.earn

C.leave

D.pay

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.punished

B.paid

C.fought

D.used

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.comparedifferentsystemsofgovernment

B.tellaninterestingstory

C.amusethereader

D.provideinformation

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.definition

B.example/illustration

C.chronologicalorder

D.comparison/contrast

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.cause/effect

B.division/classification

C.summary

D.sequence/process

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.disapproving

B.emotional

C.objective

D.sympathetic

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

第7題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。原文第三段第一句為本文主旨句?！癟husStalinistsocietygavewomengreatopportunitiesbutdemandedgreatsacrificesaswell.”斯大林主義社會給了女性巨大的機(jī)會，但也要求她們做出巨大的犧牲。選項(xiàng)C符合原文主旨。

2.詞匯題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“monopolize”定位到第三段倒數(shù)第三句“Mencontinuedtomonopolizethebestjobs.”原文指男性繼續(xù)壟斷著最好的工作。選項(xiàng)A“擁有”最能替代原文中的“monopolize”，所以正確。

3.詞匯題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“monopolize”定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句“Inanyevent,theoften-neglectedhumanresourceofwomenwasruthlesslymobilizedinStalinistsociety.”無論如何，經(jīng)常被忽視的女性人力資源在斯大林社會被無情地使用。能與“humanresource”搭配使用且符合原文意思的只有選項(xiàng)D。

4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)原文可知，本文并沒有比較不同的政府體制，所以選項(xiàng)A錯誤；本文也不是在講述有趣的故事和娛樂讀者，所以選項(xiàng)B和C均錯誤；只有選項(xiàng)D提供信息正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文可知，文中出現(xiàn)了很多時間的關(guān)鍵詞，并詳細(xì)講述了當(dāng)時的情況，所以本文主要是按照時間順序來寫的。選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.推理判斷題。句意：此外，全職工作的婦女在業(yè)余時間有沉重的家務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)，因?yàn)樵?0世紀(jì)30年代，大多數(shù)蘇聯(lián)男人仍然認(rèn)為家庭和孩子是婦女的責(zé)任。這句話前后構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“for”也可知選項(xiàng)A正確。cause/effect“因果關(guān)系”；division/classification“分類”，summary“總結(jié)”，sequence/process“過程”。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

7.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度類。結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，作者是在陳述事實(shí)，并未帶有個人主義色彩的詞出現(xiàn)，所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀公正的，選項(xiàng)C正確。

13.單選題

Youcouldrefuseto_______yourSocialSecuritynumberexceptforSocialSecuritypurposes,whichisallthatthelawrequires.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.expound

B.divulge

C.apprehend

D.unriddle

【答案】B

【解析】expound詳細(xì)說明,解釋;divulge泄露,暴露;apprehend領(lǐng)會,理解;unriddle闡明。句意：你可以拒絕透露你的社會保險號，除非是出于社會保障的目的，這是法律的規(guī)定。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

14.單選題

Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,Ibelievewecanachieveourgoal（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inthelongrun

B.inthefirstplace

C.onthewhole

D.atleast

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。inthelongrun“從長遠(yuǎn)來看；最終”；inthefirstplace“首先;起初”；onthewhole“基本上；就全體而論”；atleast“至少”。句意：只要我們不失去信心，那么我相信我們最終可以達(dá)成我們的目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

15.填空題

Ihave（1）goodnewsforyou:Johnhas（2）tobuyyouroldmotorcycle.

【答案】1.some

2.decided

【解析】1.語義題。句意:告訴你一些好消息。

2.固定搭配。Decidetodo決定…。

16.單選題

Designatingthisbook(HandbookofPersonalityPsychology)a“handbook”isatonceaccurateandpossiblyunfortunate.Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.

Infact,thisbookishighlyinterestingandreadable,comprehensiveandauthoritative.Thedomainofpersonalityiscoveredalmostcompletely,andthematerialisquiteuptodate.Thisbookisnotacollectionofpreviouslypublishedoronlyslightlyreworkedpapers.Itgivesclearindicationofthecarefulthoughttheeditorsgavetoitsplanningandtheirfirmcontroloveritswriting.Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.TherearenochaptersinthisvolumetoreviewwhatFreudsaidorAdlerorRogersorBanduraoranyoneelse.TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.Instead,heeditorspresentacomprehensiveandcoherentviewofthefieldofpersonalitytoday.

Theworkispresentedineightsectionsthatdealinessencewithwhatpersonalityis,howitisstudied,howitdevelopsitsbiologicalandsocialdeterminants,howpersonalityworks,andwhatitisusefulfor.Thereare36chaptersextendingnearlyathousandpages.Theeditorschosespecificauthorsforeachofthechapters；theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingtheparticipationofauthoritativescientistswhogenerallywritequitewell.

Thehandbooklendsitselfwelltoitsfunctionasaresourcevolume.Itsonlyobviousdeficiencyisthelackofanameindex,whichinthesedaysofinformationprocessorsshouldhavebeenpossibleatmodestcost.

Manyyearsago,Igaveupteachingatheories-of-personalitycoursebecausethedominanttextbookwassothoroughandwelldonethatitleftmewithverylittletodointheclassroom.Thishandbookwould,Ithink，beasplendidtextbook,despitethethoroughnessofitscoverage,becauseitleavestheinstructorwiththechallengingbutengagingtaskofintegratingthematerial,whichwouldprovideanopeningforanyinstructorwithaparticulartheoreticalpassion,butmanyotherroutestointegrationarepossible.

1.ForTheHandbookofPersonalityPsychology,thetitleof“handbook”maybeunfortunatebecausehandbooks（

）.

2.Theauthorlikesthishandbookpartlybecauseitdoesnot

（

）.

3.ThebooktalksaboutFreudonlywhen

（

）.

4.Accordingtotheauthor,theeditorsofthebookare

（

）.

5.Aproblemwiththishandbookisthat

（

）.

6.Withrespecttobeinganaidtoteachingpersonalitytheories，theauthorthinksthatthebook（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.aredifficulttocompile

B.areoftenconsideredboring

C.canbecomeoutdatedsoon

D.canmissalotofimportantinformation

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.focusontheoriesofpersonality

B.relatetopreviouspsychologists

C.discussresearchonpersonality

D.dealwithwhatisbeyondpsychology

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.histheoriesarecomparedwithothers

B.hiscontemporariesarementioned

C.thediscussionconcernshisideas

D.majorpersonalitytheoriesareinconflict

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.particularaboutthestructureofthebook

B.reservedinpresentingtheirownviews

C.defiantoftheauthorityinpsychology

D.successfulintheirmaterialselection

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.itiscostlytoaveragereaders

B.itispoorinideadevelopment

C.ithasnonameindex

D.ithastoomanychapters

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.leavesroomfortheinstructor’screativity

B.presentsachallengetocurrenttheories

C.containsthoroughknowledgeofpersonality

D.providesanintegratedsystemoftheories

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:C

第6題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第一段，根據(jù)“Handbooksarefrequentlyratherdrearyaffairs,occasionallyusefulassourcesandforcitationbutscarcelyworthreading.（手冊常常是相當(dāng)枯燥無味的東西，偶爾也可用作資料來源和引證，但幾乎不值得一讀。）”即可得出本題答案。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段，根據(jù)“Tobeginwith,itiswhollyrefreshingtohaveacomprehensiveworkonpersonalitythatpaysnoparticularattentiontotheoriesofpersonality.（首先，它是完全令人耳目一新，有一個全面的人格工作，不特別關(guān)注人格理論。）”，結(jié)合題干中的否定詞“doesnot...”，即可得出本題答案。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第二段倒數(shù)第二句，“TheoristssuchasFreudarementionedwhentheirviewsarerelevanttotopicsunderdiscussion,but,blessedly,nosummariesofthemajortheoriesareincluded.(像弗洛伊德這樣的理論家，當(dāng)他們的觀點(diǎn)與正在討論的話題相關(guān)時，會被提及，但幸運(yùn)的是，沒有包括對主要理論的總結(jié)。)”從而得出本題答案。

4.細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干信息，可將信息點(diǎn)定位至原文第三段，根據(jù)“theychosewellandtheywereremarkablysuccessfulingettingth