考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川美術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-四川美術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassagefromEnglishintoChinese.

It’srainingagain.AsIlieawakeinbed,listeningtothesoundofthoserazor-sharpdropspoundingonthepavement,mymindgoesreelingdowndarkcorridorsteemingwithagonizingflashbacks,andachillfromwithinfillsmewithdread.It’sraining,again.

ItdoesthisyearinSouthernCalifornia;atleastthat’swhattheytoldmelastyearwhenImarveledattherelentlessdeterminationoftherain.Thereseemtobetwoseasonshere.Duringtherainyseason,sometimesthestormsdrenchtheareanonstopfordays.Sometimesthestormscomeandgo.Oftenpropertydamageanddisruptedlivesresult.It’shardtopredicttheintensityofthepatternsfromyeartoyear.Thenthereisthefireseason.Thattakescareofthepropertythatmanagedtosurvivethedeluge,againdisruptinglives.Thedaysconnectingtheseseasonsaremonotonous,withsomesun,somesmogandsomemoresun.ThisisnothinglikebackhomeinColorado.

【答案】又下雨了。我醒著躺在床上，聽(tīng)著那些犀利的的雨點(diǎn)掉落在人行道上的聲音。我的思緒陷入了黑暗的走廊，充滿(mǎn)了痛苦的回憶，內(nèi)心的寒意讓我充滿(mǎn)恐懼。又在下雨了

加利福尼亞南部，今年也如此。當(dāng)我對(duì)雨無(wú)情地下個(gè)不停感到驚奇時(shí)，至少，去年他們是這樣告訴我的。這里似乎只有兩個(gè)季節(jié)。在雨季，有時(shí)暴風(fēng)雨連續(xù)幾天不停地浸透這個(gè)地區(qū)。有時(shí)暴風(fēng)雨來(lái)去不定。往往造成財(cái)產(chǎn)損失和生活混亂，每年都很難預(yù)測(cè)這種模式的強(qiáng)度。然后是火災(zāi)季節(jié)，從洪水中幸存下來(lái)的財(cái)物就落到它手里了，再一次擾亂人們的生活。連著這些季節(jié)的日子是單調(diào)的，僅有一些太陽(yáng)，一些霧和一些更多的太陽(yáng)。這和回科羅拉多的家完全不同。

2.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste________thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)intermsof“在……方面，就……而言”；B選項(xiàng)infavorof“贊成”；C選項(xiàng)inspiteof“不管，盡管”；D選項(xiàng)inplaceof“取代，代替”。句意：這個(gè)目標(biāo)是用莊稼，野草甚至是動(dòng)物排泄物來(lái)（）為絕大多數(shù)美國(guó)人生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)提供動(dòng)力的石油。人們使用莊稼等有機(jī)物很明顯是為了取代石油這種化學(xué)物來(lái)充當(dāng)燃料的，所以答案選D。

3.單選題

______conflictamongcity-statescausedtheeventualdeclineofGreekcivilization.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Continuous

B.Continual

C.Constant

D.Contrary

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)continuous“連續(xù)不斷的”，指整個(gè)事發(fā)的過(guò)程都沒(méi)有中斷；B項(xiàng)continual“持續(xù)不斷的”，指一再的、頻繁的、反復(fù)發(fā)生的；C項(xiàng)constant“不變的、恒定的”；D項(xiàng)contrary“相反的、對(duì)立的”；句意：城邦國(guó)家之間頻繁的沖突導(dǎo)致希臘文明最終衰落。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscience,buttheirformand

function,theirdimensionsandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventors,andengineers-usingnon-scientificmodesofthought.Manyfeaturesandqualitiesoftheobjectsthatatechnologistthinksaboutcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinthemindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess.InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.Pyramids,cathedrals,androcketsexistnotbecauseofgeometryorthermodynamics,butbecausetheywerefirstapictureinthemindsofthosewhobuiltthem.Thecreativeshapingprocessofatechnologist'smindcanbeseeninnearlyeveryartifactthatexists.Forexample,indesigningadieselengine,atechnologistmightimpressindividualwaysofnonverbalthinkingonthemachinebycontinuallyusinganintuitivesenseofrightnessandfitness.Whatwouldbetheshapeofthecombustionchamber?Whereshouldthevalvesbeplaced?Shouldithavealongorshortpiston?Suchquestionshavearangeofanswersthataresuppliedbyexperience,byphysicalrequirements,bylimitationsofavailablespace,andnotleastbyasenseofform.Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.

Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.Becauseperceptiveprocessesarenotassumedtoentail“hardthinking,”nonverbalthoughtissometimesseenasaprimitivestageinthedevelopmentofcognitiveprocessesandinferiortoverbalormathematicalthought.ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.

Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）

2.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorthinksengineeringcurriculaare（

）

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestillustratesthemainpointofthefirstpassage?

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldbestserveasanintroductiontothepassage?

5.TheauthorcallsthepredicamentfacedbytheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecord“paradoxical”(lines22)mostprobablybecause（

）

6.Accordingtothepassagerandomfailuresinautomaticcontrolsystemsare“notmerelytrivialaberrations”(lines32)because（

）

7.Theauthorusestheexampleoftheearlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsprimarilyto（

）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.identifyingthekindsofthinkingthatareusedbytechnologists

B.stressingtheimportanceofnonverbalthinkinginengineeringdesign

C.proposinganewrolefornonscientificthinkinginthedevelopmentoftechnology

D.contrastingthegoalsofengineerswiththoseoftechnologists

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.strengthenedwhentheyincludecourseindesign

B.weakenedbythesubstitutionofphysicalsciencecoursesforcoursesdesignedtodevelopmathematicalskills

C.strongbecausenonverbalthinkingisstillemphasizedbymostofthecourses

D.strongdespitetheerrorsthatgraduatesofsuchcurriculahavemadeinthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolsystems

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Whenamachinelikearotaryenginemalfunctions,itisthetechnologistwhoisbestequippedtorepairit.

B.Eachcomponentofanautomobile-forexample,theengineorthefueltank-hasashapethathasbeenscientificallydeterminedtobebestsuitedtothatcomponent’sfunction.

C.Thedistinctivefeaturesofasuspensionbridgereflectitsdesigner’sconceptualizationaswellasthephysicalrequirementsofitssite.

D.Thedesignerofanewrefrigeratorshouldconsiderthedesignsofotherrefrigeratorsbeforedecidingonitsfinalform.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Theassumptionthattheknowledgeincorporatedintechnologicaldevelopmentsmustbederivedfromscienceignoresthemanynonscientificdecisionsmadebytechnologists.

B.Analyticalthoughtisnolongeravitalcomponentinthesuccessoftechnologicaldevelopment.

C.Asknowledgeoftechnologyhasincreasedthetendencyhasbeentolosesightoftheimportantroleplayedbyscientificthoughtinmakingdecisionsaboutform,arrangement,andtexture.

D.Amovementinengineeringcollegestowardatechnician’sdegreereflectsademandforgraduateswhohavethenonverbalreasoningabilitythatwasoncecommonamongengineers.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.thepublicationneededdrawingsthatitsownstaffcouldnotmake.

B.Architecturalschoolsofferedbutdidnotrequireengineeringdesigncoursesfortheirstudents.

C.Engineeringstudentswerenottrainedtomakethetypeofdrawingsneededtorecordthedevelopmentoftheirowndiscipline.

D.Thedrawingsneededweresocomplicatedthatevenstudentsinarchitecturalschoolshaddifficultymakingthem.

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.automaticcontrolsystemsaredesignedbyengineerswhohavelittlepracticalexperienceinthefield.

B.thefailuresarecharacteristicofsystemsdesignedbyengineersrelyingtooheavilyonconceptsinmathematics.

C.thefailuresoccurtoooftentobetakenlightly.

D.designersofautomaticcontrolsystemshavetoolittletrainingintheanalysisofmechanicaldifficulties.

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.weakentheargumentthatmodemengineeringsystemshavemajordefectsbecauseofanabsenceofdesigncoursesinengineeringcurricula.

B.supportthethesisthatthenumberoferrorsinmodemengineeringsystemsislikelytoincrease.

C.illustratetheideathatcoursesindesignarethemosteffectivemeansforreducingthecostofdesigningengineeringsystems.

D.supportthecontentionthatalackofattentiontothenonscientificaspectsofdesignresultsinpoorconceptualizationbyengineers.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:C

第6題:B

第7題:D

【解析】1.根據(jù)文章第一段:InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，大體上是由非言語(yǔ)思維刻畫(huà)了我們物質(zhì)環(huán)境的輪廓并充實(shí)了其中的細(xì)節(jié)。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)“non-verbalthinking”的重要性。所以B選項(xiàng)‘強(qiáng)調(diào)工程設(shè)計(jì)中非語(yǔ)言思維的重要性‘符合題意。

2.根據(jù)題目中的“engineeringcurricula”找到文章的第二段第一句Designcourses,then,shouldbeanessentialelementinengineeringcurricula.因此設(shè)計(jì)課程應(yīng)該成為工程課程中的基本成份?！皊hould”是在該句中意思是“應(yīng)該做”而實(shí)際上確“沒(méi)有做”。所以確定A選項(xiàng)‘強(qiáng)調(diào)在設(shè)計(jì)中包括的課程‘符合題意。

3.根據(jù)文章第一段：InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，大體上是由非言語(yǔ)思維刻畫(huà)了我們物質(zhì)環(huán)境的輪廓并充實(shí)了其中的細(xì)節(jié)。和Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.某一些決定，比如壁厚和銷(xiāo)釘直徑，可能需要由科學(xué)的計(jì)算來(lái)定奪，但設(shè)計(jì)中的非科學(xué)成分仍然是主要的。由此確定C選項(xiàng)‘吊橋的顯著特點(diǎn)反映出設(shè)計(jì)得的概念化與當(dāng)?shù)氐牡乩硖胤项}意。。A選項(xiàng)‘轉(zhuǎn)子發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)這樣的機(jī)械出現(xiàn)故障時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)派最好的技術(shù)人員去維修‘、B選項(xiàng)’汽車(chē)的每個(gè)零件，如：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，油箱，都是經(jīng)過(guò)科學(xué)檢測(cè)，與各部分零件是完全匹配兼容的‘和D選項(xiàng)’冰箱的新的設(shè)計(jì)人員在決定最后的方案時(shí)，要參考其它冰箱的設(shè)計(jì)方案‘并沒(méi)有呈現(xiàn)出非語(yǔ)言思維模式，與題意不符。

4.根據(jù)文章第一段：InthedevelopmentofWesterntechnology,ithasbeennon-verbalthinking,byandlarge,thathasfixedtheoutlinesandfilledinthedetailsofourmaterialsurroundings.在西方科技的發(fā)展過(guò)程中，大體上是由非言語(yǔ)思維刻畫(huà)了我們物質(zhì)環(huán)境的輪廓并充實(shí)了其中的細(xì)節(jié)。Somedecisionssuchaswallthicknessandpindiameter,maydependonscientificcalculations,butthenonscientificcomponentofdesignremainsprimary.某一些決定，比如壁厚和銷(xiāo)釘直徑，可能需要由科學(xué)知計(jì)算來(lái)定奪，但設(shè)計(jì)中的非科學(xué)成分仍然是主要的。Nonverbalthinking,acentralmechanisminengineeringdesign,involvesperceptions,thestock-in-tradeoftheartist,notthescientist.非語(yǔ)言思維，這一工程設(shè)計(jì)的核心機(jī)制，包括了感受這一屬于藝術(shù)家的而非科學(xué)家的慣用手段。確定A選項(xiàng)‘如果假設(shè)技術(shù)層面的知識(shí)來(lái)源于科學(xué)，就忽略了許多技術(shù)人員所做非科學(xué)性的決定‘正確。

5.根據(jù)文章第二段：ButitisparadoxicalthatwhenthestaffoftheHistoricAmericanEngineeringRecordwishedtohavedrawingsmadeofmachinesandisometricviewsofindustrialprocessesforitshistoricalrecordofAmericanengineering,theonlycollegestudentswiththerequisitestudentswiththerequisiteabilitieswerenotengineeringstudents,butratherstudentsattendingarchitecturalschools.但令人感到自相矛盾的是，當(dāng)《美國(guó)工程歷史名錄》的工作人員希望得到為其美國(guó)工程歷史記錄而繪制的機(jī)器圖和等比例圖時(shí)，唯一具有所需技能的大學(xué)生不是工程學(xué)大學(xué)生，而是就讀于建筑學(xué)院的大學(xué)生。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“engineeringstudents”在教育方面的缺陷，所以C選項(xiàng)‘工程學(xué)的學(xué)生沒(méi)有接受畫(huà)圖紙的訓(xùn)練，而這一技能是追蹤這一學(xué)科發(fā)展所必需的手段‘正確。

6.根據(jù)文章最后一段：Forexample,earlymodelsofhigh-speedrailroadcarsloadedwithsophisticatedcontrolswereunabletooperateinasnowstormbecauseafansuckedsnowintotheelectricalsystem.比如，裝載了精密控制設(shè)備的早期高速鐵路車(chē)輛模型不能在暴風(fēng)雪中正常運(yùn)行，原因是一個(gè)風(fēng)扇將雪吸入到電子系統(tǒng)中。Absurdrandomfailuresthatplagueautomaticcontrolsystemsarenotmerelytrivialaberrations;theyareareflectionofthechaosthatresultswhendesignisassumedtobeprimarilyaprobleminmathematics.干擾著自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的荒唐的隨機(jī)故障不是輕微的異常；它們是一種混亂的反映，人們認(rèn)為這種混亂主要在設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)學(xué)方面的問(wèn)題時(shí)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生。確定B選項(xiàng)‘失敗的原因是設(shè)計(jì)這一系統(tǒng)的工程師太過(guò)于依賴(lài)數(shù)學(xué)概念’正確。

7.根據(jù)文章最后一段：Itcoursesindesign,whichinastronglyanalyticalengineeringcurriculumprovidethebackgroundrequiredforpracticalproblem-solving,arenotprovided,wecanexpecttoencountersillybutcostlyerrorsoccurringinadvancedengineeringsystems.如果不能開(kāi)設(shè)設(shè)計(jì)課程（它能在一個(gè)高度分析性工程學(xué)課程體系中提供解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題的背景知識(shí)），我們就會(huì)在先進(jìn)的工程系統(tǒng)中遇到愚蠢而同時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致極大損失的錯(cuò)誤。確定D選項(xiàng)‘對(duì)非科學(xué)性的設(shè)計(jì)缺少足夠關(guān)注，從而導(dǎo)致了工程師們構(gòu)想能力的下降’符合題意。

5.單選題

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Asif引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。主語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，因此虛擬語(yǔ)氣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

（

）wecontinuetoworkhard,wecanfinishthetaskaheadofschedule.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Assoonas

B.Asfaras

C.Solongas

D.Sofaras

【答案】C

【解析】考察固定搭配。assoonas一…就；asfaras至于；sofaras到目前為止；solongas“只要”，句意：我們只要繼續(xù)努力工作，就能在計(jì)劃之前完成工作。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

8.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Inthegym.

B.Intheoffice.

C.Intheclinic.

D.Intheboat.

【答案】C

【解析】M:Ok,everythinglooksship-shape.

W:Great!WhenshouldIcomeagainforaphysical?

Q:Wheredidthisconversationprobablytakeplace?

【解析】推斷題。女士問(wèn)何時(shí)來(lái)復(fù)查，由此推斷對(duì)話場(chǎng)景應(yīng)為醫(yī)院。

8.翻譯題

Thefreedomofartismorethananideal.If,despitethesmallchanceofsuccess,theprofessionofartistissopopular,itisbecauseitofferstheprospectofalaborthatisapparentlyfreeofnarrowspecialization,allowingartists,likeheroesinthemovies,toendowworkandlifewiththeirownmeanings.Equallyfortheviewersofart,thereisacorrespondingfreedominappreciatingthepurposelessplayofideasandforms,notinslavishlyattemptingtodivineartists'intentions,butinallowingtheworktoelicitthoughtsandsensationsthatconnectwiththeirownexperiences.Thewealthybuythemselvesparticipationinthisfreezonethroughownershipandpatronage,andtheyarebuyingsomethinggenuinelyvaluable;thestateensuresthatawiderpublichasatleasttheopportunitytobreatheforawhilethescentoffreedomthatworksofartemit.Yettherearereasonstowonderwhetherfreetradeandfreeartareasantitheticalastheyseem.Firstly,theeconomyofartcloselyreflectstheeconomyoffinancecapital.Inarecentanalysisofthemeaningofculturaldominance,DonaldSassoonexploredpatternsofimportandexportofnovels,opera,andfilmsinthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies.

Culturallydominantstateshaveabundantlocalproductionthatmeetsthedemandsoftheirhomemarkets,importinglittleandsuccessfullyexportingmuch.Inthenineteenthcentury,FranceandBritainwerethedominantliterarypowers.TheUSisnowbyfarthemostdominantculturalstate,exportingitsproductsgloballywhileimportingverylittle.

AsSassoonpointsout,thisdoesnotmeanthateveryoneconsumesAmericanculture,justthatmostoftheculturethatcirculatesacrossnationalboundariesisAmerican.Sassoonrulesfineartoutofhisaccountonthesensiblegroundsthatithasnomassmarket.Itishardtoreadtradefiguresforsignsofculturaldominanceinasystemthatisthoroughlycosmopolitan,sothatyouhaveaGermancollectorbuyingthroughaBritishdealertheworkofaChineseartistresidentintheUS.Wecan,however,getanideaofthevolumeoftradeineachnation,and,giventhehighproportionofinternationaltradeintheartmarket,thisdoesgiveanindicationofglobalhegemony.Heretherearestrikingparallelswiththedistributionoffinancialpower.ItishardlysurprisingthattheUSisdominant,accountingforalittlelessthanahalfofallglobalartsales;Europeaccountsformuchoftherest,withtheUKtakingasitssharearoundahalfofthat.

【答案】藝術(shù)的自由不僅僅是一種理想。盡管成功的幾率很小，藝術(shù)家這個(gè)行業(yè)很受歡迎，這是因?yàn)樗峁┝艘环N勞動(dòng)前景，這顯然擺脫了專(zhuān)業(yè)狹隘化的限制，讓藝術(shù)家像電影里的英雄一樣，賦予自己工作和生活的意義。同樣地，對(duì)于藝術(shù)欣賞者來(lái)說(shuō)，在欣賞無(wú)目的的藝術(shù)思想和形式時(shí)也有一種相應(yīng)的自由，而這種欣賞不是盲目地試圖揣測(cè)藝術(shù)家的意圖，而是讓作品激發(fā)他們與個(gè)人自身經(jīng)歷相關(guān)的想法和感覺(jué)。

然而，我們有理由懷疑自由貿(mào)易和自由藝術(shù)是否和它們看起來(lái)那樣相反。首先，藝術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)嚴(yán)密地反映了金融資本經(jīng)濟(jì)。

文化占主導(dǎo)地位的國(guó)家擁有豐富的當(dāng)?shù)匚幕軌驖M(mǎn)足國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的需求，因而可以少引進(jìn)，多出口。

正如Sassoon指出，這并不意味著每個(gè)人都要消費(fèi)美國(guó)文化，只是大多數(shù)跨國(guó)界傳播的文化都是美國(guó)文化。

Sassoon挑選好的藝術(shù)作品是經(jīng)過(guò)自己理智考慮的，在于它有沒(méi)有巨大的市場(chǎng)。在一個(gè)完全國(guó)際化的體系中，很難從貿(mào)易數(shù)據(jù)中判斷文化是否處于主導(dǎo)地位。所以，可能存在這樣的情況，一位德國(guó)收藏家從一個(gè)英國(guó)商人那里買(mǎi)到了一位華裔藝術(shù)家的作品。然而，了解每個(gè)國(guó)家文化產(chǎn)品的貿(mào)易量，鑒于一個(gè)國(guó)家藝術(shù)產(chǎn)品在整個(gè)藝術(shù)市場(chǎng)所占的比例，可以判斷出這個(gè)國(guó)家的文化藝術(shù)品是否處于國(guó)際領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位。下面是一些有關(guān)于金融大國(guó)比例分配驚人的相似點(diǎn)。

9.翻譯題

1.Inpresent-daytechnologymanmakestremendousdemandsonthematerialsavailabletohim.Thedemandisnotonlyforhugequantitiesofmaterialssuchastimber,concrete,steelandplasticsforconstructionalpurposes.Itisalsoforsmallerbutcrucialamountsofmaterialswhicharelesseasilyobtainable.Materialssuchasuraniumandtitaniumdonotexistinlargequantitiesbuttheypossessunusualpropertieswhichmakethemessentialforcertainhighlyspecializeduses.

2.Computersareelectronicmachinesforprocessingdata.Dataarepiecesoritemsofinformationthathavebeenproperlypreparedsothatthemachinecanworkwiththem.Processingmeanshandlingormanipulatingthematerialthathasbeenpresentedtothemachineinsuchwaysasperformingcalculations,classifyinginformation,ormakingcomparisons.Acomputerismadeofmillionsofelectronicdevicesthatcanstorethedataorswitchthemthroughcomplexcircuitswithdifferentfunctionsatincrediblespeeds.

3.在傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)家庭中，成年子女與年長(zhǎng)父母生活在一個(gè)屋檐下。自1974年中國(guó)實(shí)行獨(dú)生子女政策以來(lái)，中國(guó)家庭經(jīng)歷了許多變化，其中一個(gè)變化是核心家庭成為主導(dǎo)。當(dāng)獨(dú)生子女因?yàn)樽x大學(xué)或結(jié)婚而離開(kāi)家里時(shí)，父母才四五十歲，他們比其他國(guó)家育有多個(gè)子女的父母更早經(jīng)歷空巢綜合征。他們忽然感到孤獨(dú)、悲傷、無(wú)用、消沉。

【答案】1.當(dāng)今的技術(shù)人員對(duì)可用的材料提出了巨大的要求。這種需求不僅適用于諸如木材、混凝土、鋼鐵以及用于建筑目的的塑料等數(shù)量巨大的材料，也適用于較少但至關(guān)重要，且不易獲得的材料。鈾和鈦這樣一類(lèi)材料并不大量存在，但它們具有非凡的特性，這使得它們成為某些特殊用途所不可缺少的材料。

2.計(jì)算機(jī)是處理數(shù)據(jù)的電子機(jī)器。數(shù)據(jù)是已被適當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備好以便機(jī)器能夠使用的信息片段或項(xiàng)目。加工指的是對(duì)呈現(xiàn)在機(jī)器上的材料進(jìn)行處理或操作，如計(jì)算、分類(lèi)或比較。計(jì)算機(jī)是由數(shù)以百萬(wàn)計(jì)的電子設(shè)備組成的，這些設(shè)備可以存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)或通過(guò)具有不同功能的復(fù)雜電路以令人難以置信的速度轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)。

3.InatraditionalChinesefamily,adultchildrenliveunderthesameroofwiththeirolderparents.SinceChinaadoptedtheone-childpolicyin1974,Chinesefamilieshaveundergonemanychanges,oneofwhichisthedominanceofthenuclearfamily.Whenonlychildrenleavehomeforcollegeormarriage,theirparentsareintheir40sor50s,andtheyexperienceempty-nestsyndromeearlierthanparentswithmultiplechildreninothercountries.Theysuddenlyfeellonely,sad,useless,anddepressed.

10.填空題

“Dida”is（1）peopleusuallycallthisuniversity.（

2）itisacomprehensiveuniversity,theearthsciencesarestillitsmainresearchfocus.Thereis（3）universityassociatedwithit,inWuhan.

【答案】1.what

2.Although

3.another

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法題。what在此處引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。

2.邏輯分析。由后句的still(仍然)推測(cè)前后句為讓步關(guān)系。

3.語(yǔ)義題。句意:武漢還有一所與之相關(guān)的大學(xué)。

11.單選題

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Radiowaves.

B.Soundwaves.

C.Robots.

D.Satellites.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itmaybefreezingfastbeneaththeglacier.

B.Itmayhavemicro-organismslivinginit.

C.Itmayhavecertainraremineralsinit.

D.Itmaybeasdeepasfourkilometers.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Helpunderstandlifeinfreezingconditions.

B.Helpfindnewsourcesoffreshwater.

C.Provideinformationaboutotherplanets.

D.Shedlightonpossiblelifeinouterspace.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:D

【解析】PassageOne

WhilesomescientistsexplorethesurfaceofAntarctica,othersarelearningmoreaboutagiantbodyofwater4kilometersbeneaththeicepack.[9]ScientistsfirstdiscoveredLakeVostokinthe1970sbyusingradiowavesthatpenetratetheice.Sincethentheyhaveusedsoundwavesandevensatellitestomapthismassivebodyofwater.HowdoesthewaterinLakeVostokremainliquidbeneathanicesheet?Thethickglacieraboveactslikeaninsulatingblanketandkeepsthewaterfromfreezing,saysMartinSiegert,aglaciologistfromtheUniversityofWales.Inaddition,geothermalheatfromdeepwithintheEarthmaywarmthehiddenlake.[10]Thescientistssuspectthatmicro-organismsmaybelivinginLakeVostok,closedofffromtheoutsideworldformorethan2millionyears.Anythingfoundtherewillbetotallyalientowhat’sonthesurfaceofEarth,saysSiegert.Scientistsaretryingtofindawaytodrillintotheiceanddrawwatersampleswithoutcausingcontamination.Again,robotsmightbethesolution.Ifallgoesasplanned,adrill-shapedrobotwillmeltthroughthesurfaceice.Whenitreachesthelake,itwillreleaseanotherrobotthatcanswiminthelake,takepictures,andlookforsignsoflife.[11]Thescientistshopetheirdiscoverieswillshedlightonlifeinouterspace,whichmightexistinsimilardarkandairlessconditions.Recently,close-uppicturesofJupiter’smoon,Europa,showedsignsofwaterbeneathitsicysurface.OncetestedinAntarctica,robotscouldbesenttoEuropatosearchforlifetheretoo.

9.WhatdidscientistsfirstusetodiscoverLakeVostokinthe1970s?

【試題答案】A

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)科學(xué)家最先用什么在20世紀(jì)70年代發(fā)現(xiàn)沃斯托克湖？錄音開(kāi)頭提到，科學(xué)家在20世紀(jì)70年代首次利用能穿透冰層的無(wú)線電波發(fā)現(xiàn)了沃斯托克湖，因此A選項(xiàng)“無(wú)線電波”正確。B選項(xiàng)“聲波”和D選項(xiàng)“衛(wèi)星”是科學(xué)家在發(fā)現(xiàn)沃斯托克湖之后在地圖上繪制該湖時(shí)所使用的手段，因此排除；C選項(xiàng)“機(jī)器人”，錄音說(shuō)的是科學(xué)家想使用機(jī)器人獲取沃斯托克湖的水樣，并不是發(fā)現(xiàn)沃斯托克湖的工具，因此也可排除。

10.WhatdoscientiststhinkaboutLakeVostok?

【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)的是科學(xué)家對(duì)沃斯托克湖的看法。錄音提到，科學(xué)家懷疑沃斯托克湖可能有微生物存在，B選項(xiàng)“它可能有微生物存在”與錄音原文表述一致，因此正確。A項(xiàng)“在冰川下，它可能迅速結(jié)冰”，錄音中提到，冰川像隔熱毯，能防止水結(jié)冰（keepsthewaterfromfreezing），因此A選項(xiàng)不正確；C選項(xiàng)“它可能含有某些稀有的礦物質(zhì)”在錄音中沒(méi)有信息提及；D選項(xiàng)“它可能深達(dá)4千米”，利用錄音開(kāi)頭的4kilometersbeneaththeicepack設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是沃斯托克湖在大片浮冰下4千米處，并不是說(shuō)沃斯托克湖深達(dá)4千米，因此D選項(xiàng)不正確。

11.Whatdothescientistshopetheirdiscoverieswilldo?

【試題答案】D

【試題解析】題目問(wèn)科學(xué)家希望他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)能起到什么作用？錄音提到，科學(xué)家希望這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將有助于了解外太空的生命（shedlightonlifeinouterspace），D選項(xiàng)“了解外太空可能存在的生命”是錄音原文的復(fù)現(xiàn)，因此正確。A選項(xiàng)“幫助了解冰凍環(huán)境中的生命”和B選項(xiàng)“幫助尋找新的淡水資源”在錄音中均沒(méi)有信息提及；C選項(xiàng)“提供關(guān)于其他行星的信息”，利用錄音中的Jupiter一詞設(shè)置干擾，錄音說(shuō)的是，如果使用機(jī)器人能幫助獲取沃斯托克湖的相關(guān)信息，那么將在木星上使用同樣的方法去尋找外太空可能存在的生命。

12.單選題

Takingadvantageofhispopularityintheopinionpolls,thePrimeMinisterhasdecidedtocalla________electionfornextmonth.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.convincing

B.magnetic

C.snap

D.clean-cut

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“convincing”，意為“令人信服的；有說(shuō)服力的”；B選項(xiàng)“magnetic”，意為“地磁的；有磁性的；有吸引力的”；C選項(xiàng)“snap”，意為“突然的”，snapelection是個(gè)短語(yǔ)，意為“提前選舉；臨時(shí)選舉”；D選項(xiàng)“clean-cut”，意為“（尤指男人）外表整潔的，優(yōu)雅高尚的；輪廓分明的”。句意：首相利用他在民意調(diào)查中的聲望，決定在下個(gè)月__提前__舉行選舉。本句表示“首相想趁著自己在民意調(diào)查中富有聲望，于是提前進(jìn)行選舉，來(lái)獲取優(yōu)勢(shì)地位”。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

13.單選題

1.Scientistshavedevelopedaslimmingdrugthatsuccessfullysuppressesappetiteandresultsinadramaticlossofweightwithoutanyapparentilleffects.

2.InruralAmerica,theyearwasarrangedaroundthegrowingseason.Now,only3percentoffamiliesfollowtheagriculturalmodel,butnearlyallschoolsarescheduledasisourchildrenwenthomeearlytomilkthecowsandtookmonthsofftoworkthecrops.

3.Humorhasbeenwelldefinedas:“Thinkinginfunwhilefeelinginearnest”.

4.法律真正的意義，是要把一個(gè)自由而有理性的人導(dǎo)向正當(dāng)?shù)囊饬x上去，而不是對(duì)此加以限制的。

5.然而，研究人員在報(bào)告中提醒說(shuō)，相對(duì)于患更嚴(yán)重的疾病的危險(xiǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，這些益處簡(jiǎn)直微不足道。

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)研制出了一種減肥藥，它能有效地抑制食欲，導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無(wú)任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

B.科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)出了一種減肥藥，它能成功地控制食欲，使體重顯著下降，同時(shí)有明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

C.科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)研制出了一種減食療法的藥，它能有效地抑制食欲，導(dǎo)致體重顯著下降而無(wú)任何明顯的不良反應(yīng)。

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.在美國(guó)農(nóng)村，時(shí)間是根據(jù)生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)來(lái)安排的?，F(xiàn)在雖然只有3%的家庭從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但幾乎所有的學(xué)校的校歷安排似乎是我們的孩子們?cè)缭缁丶抑皇侨D牛奶或是幾個(gè)月不上學(xué)去地里種莊稼。

B.在美國(guó)農(nóng)村，一年是根據(jù)農(nóng)時(shí)來(lái)安排的。現(xiàn)在雖然只有3%的家庭從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但幾乎所有的學(xué)校的時(shí)間安排似乎是我們的孩子們?cè)缭缁丶胰D牛奶或是花上幾個(gè)月時(shí)間去地里種莊稼。

C.在美國(guó)農(nóng)村，上學(xué)時(shí)間是根據(jù)農(nóng)時(shí)來(lái)決定的?，F(xiàn)在雖然只有3%的家庭從事農(nóng)業(yè)，但幾乎所有的學(xué)校的校歷安排似乎是讓孩子們?cè)缭缁丶胰D牛奶或是花上幾個(gè)月時(shí)間去地里種莊稼。

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.幽默被人很好地解釋為：“帶著認(rèn)真的情緒滑稽地思考”。

B.幽默被人很恰當(dāng)?shù)亟忉尀椋骸罢J(rèn)真地感覺(jué),不認(rèn)真地思考”。

C.幽默被人很巧妙地詮釋為：“一面認(rèn)真地感覺(jué)一面滑稽地思考”。

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Therealmeaningoflawisnotthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest

B.Thetruenotionoflawisnotsomuchlimitedtothedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest

C.Law,initstruemotion,isnotsomuchthelimitationasthedirectionofafreeandintelligentmantohisproperinterest

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Researchersinthestudy,however,cautionedthatsuchbenefitsdon'toutweightheriskofmoreseriousailments

B.However,researchersremindedinthereportthatsuchbenefitsarenothingcomparedwiththeriskofmoreseriousailments

C.However,researcherscautionedintheirreportthatsuchbenefitsdon'tindolencealotcomparingtotheriskofmoreseriousailments

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.首先，“slimmingdrug”應(yīng)翻譯為減肥藥，沒(méi)有提及減食療法，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；根據(jù)“withoutanyapparentilleffects.”可知，應(yīng)該是沒(méi)有明顯的不良反應(yīng)，所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)A翻譯最為準(zhǔn)確。

2.根據(jù)句意可知“growingseason”不是直譯為生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)，而是指“農(nóng)時(shí)”，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)A；這里的theyear指的是“上學(xué)時(shí)間”，所以選項(xiàng)C最為恰當(dāng)。

3.本題的關(guān)鍵在于對(duì)引語(yǔ)的翻譯，相比較之下，選項(xiàng)A翻譯最為準(zhǔn)確。

4.本句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“意義”，而不是“法律”，所以首先排除選項(xiàng)C；“真正的”這里用true比較好，real常用來(lái)指比較抽象的事物，所以選項(xiàng)B更準(zhǔn)確。

5.“提醒”在本句中用remind比較口語(yǔ)化，caution更為正式，因?yàn)槭窃趫?bào)告中進(jìn)行提醒，因此caution更為恰當(dāng)；后面包含一個(gè)比較，用outweigh言簡(jiǎn)意賅，最為恰當(dāng)。所以選項(xiàng)A翻譯最精確。

14.單選題

Humansareuniquelysmartamongalltheotherspeciesontheplanet.Wearecapableofoutstandingfeatsoftechnologyandengineering.Thenwhyarewesopronetomakingmistakes?Andwhydowetendtomakethesameonestimeandtimeagain?WhenPrimatePsychologistLaurieSantosformtheComparativeCognitionLabatYaleUniversityposedthisquestiontoherteam,theywerethinkinginparticularoftheerrorsofjudgmentwhichledtotherecentcollapseofthefinancialmarkets.Santoscametotwopossibleanswerstothisquestion.Eitherhumanshavedesignedenvironmentswhicharetoocomplexforustofullyunderstand,orwearebiologicallypronetomakingbaddecisions.

Inordertotestthesetheories,theteamselectedagroupofBrownCapuchinmonkeys.Monkeyswereselectedforthetestbecause,asdistantrelativesofhumans,theyareintelligentandhavethecapacitytolearn.However,theyarenotinfluencedbyanyofthetechnologicalorculturalenvironmentswhichaffecthumandecision-making.TheteamwantedtotestwhethertheCapuchinmonkeys,whenputintosimilarsituationsashumans,wouldmakethesamemistakes.

Ofparticularinteresttothescientistswaswhethermonkeyswouldmakethesamemistakeswhenmakingfinancialdecisions.Inordertofindout,theyhadtointroducethemoneystomoney.Themonkeyssooncottonedon,andaswellaslearningsimpleexchangetechniques,weresoonabletodistinguish“bargains”—Ifoneteam—memberofferedtwograpesinexchangeforametaldiscandanotherteam-memberofferedonegrape,themonkeyschosethetwo-grapeoption.Interestingly,whenthedateaboutthemonkey’spurchasingstrategieswascomparedwitheconomist’sdataonhumanbehaviour,therewasasperfectmatch.

So,afterestablishingthatthemonkeymarketwasoperatingeffectively,theteamdecidedtointroducesomeproblemswhichhumansgenerallygetwrong.Oneoftheseissuesisrisk-taking.Imaginethatsomeonegaveyou$1000.Inadditiontothis$1000,youcanreceiveeitherA）anadditional$500orB）someonetossesacoinandifitlands“heads”youreceiveanadditional$1000,butifitlands“tails”youreceivenomoremoney.Oftheseoptions,mostpeopletendtochooseoptionA.Theypreferguaranteedearnings,ratherthanrunningtheriskofreceivingnothing.Nowimagineasecondsituationinwhichyouaregiven$2000.Now,youcanchoosetoeitherA）lose$500,leavingyouwithatotalof$1500,orB）tossacoin;ifitland“heads”youlosenothing,butifitlands“tails”youlose$1000,leavingyouwithonly$1000.Interestingly,whenwestandtolosemoney,wetendtochooset