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書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-太原理工大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請謹(jǐn)慎購買!第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegreetowhichtheycanbe______controlledandmodified.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deliberately

B.noticeably

C.delicately

D.instinctively

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.deliberately故意地,有意地B.noticeably顯著地,明顯地

C.delicately微妙地,精致地D.instinctively本能地

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞辨析。

【解題思路】主句意思是“人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物不同”,結(jié)合定語從句的意思“它們可以被控制和修改”,其中they指的是人類的面部表情,綜合理解可推測,空格處填入“有意地”符合句子意思。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合句意。

【句意】人類的面部表情與動(dòng)物的不同之處在于,它們可以被有意地控制和修改。

2.單選題

ThereisincreasingevidencethattheimpactsofmeteoriteshavehadimportanteffectsonEarth,particularlyinthefieldofbiologicalevolution.SuchimpactscontinuetoposeanaturalhazardtolifeonEarth.Twiceinthetwentiethcentury,largemeteoriteobjectsareknowntohavecollidedwithEarth.

Ifanimpactislargeenough,itcandisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireEarthandcauseanecologicalcatastrophe.Thebest-documentedsuchimpacttookplace65millionyearsagoattheendoftheCretaceousperiodofgeologicalhistory.ThisbreakinEarth’shistoryismarkedbyamassextinction,whenasmanyashalfthespeciesontheplanetbecameextinct.Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologistsbecauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.

ThebodythatimpactedEarthattheendoftheCretaceousperiodwasameteoritewithamassofmorethanatrilliontonsandadiameterofatleast10kilometers.Scientistsfirstidentifiedthisimpactin1980fromtheworldwidelayerofsedimentdepositedfromthedustcloudthatenvelopedtheplanetaftertheimpact.ThissedimentlayerisenrichedintheraremetaliridiumandotherelementsthatarerelativelyabundantinameteoritebutveryrareinthecrustofEarth.Evendilutedbytheterrestrialmaterialexcavatedfromthecrater,thiscomponentofmeteoritesiseasilyidentified.By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico.Thecrater,nowdeeplyburiedinsediment,wasoriginallyabout200kilometersindiameter.

Thisimpactreleasedanenormousamountofenergy,excavatingacraterabouttwiceaslargeasthelunarcraterTycho.Theexplosionliftedabout100trilliontonsofdustintotheatmosphere,ascanbedeterminedbymeasuringthethicknessofthesedimentlayerformedwhenthisdustsettledtothesurface.Suchaquantityofmaterialwouldhaveblockedthesunlightcompletelyfromreachingthesurface,plungingEarthintoaperiodofcoldanddarknessthatlastedatleastseveralmonths.TheexplosionisalsocalculatedtohaveproducedvastquantitiesofnitricacidandmeltedrockthatsprayedoutovermuchofEarth,startingwidespreadfiresthatmusthaveconsumedmostterrestrialforestsandgrassland.Presumably,thoseenvironmentaldisasterscouldhavebeenresponsibleforthemassextinction,includingthedeathofthedinosaurs.

Severalothermassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecordhavebeententativelyidentifiedwithlargeimpacts,butnoneissodramaticastheCretaceousevent.Butevenwithoutsuchspecificdocumentation,itisclearthatimpactsofthissizedooccurandthattheirresultscanbecatastrophic.Whatisacatastropheforonegroupoflivingthings,however,maycreateopportunitiesforanothergroup.Followingeachmassextinction,thereisasuddenevolutionaryburstasnewspeciesdeveloptofilltheecologicalnichesopenedbytheevent.

Impactsbymeteoritesrepresentonemechanismthatcouldcauseglobalcatastrophesandseriouslyinfluencetheevolutionoflifeallovertheplanet.Accordingtosomeestimates,themajorityofallextinctionsofspeciesmaybeduetosuchimpacts.Suchaperspectivefundamentallychangesourviewofbiologicalevolution.Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.

Earthisatargetinacosmicshootinggallery,subjecttorandomviolenteventsthatwereunsuspectedafewdecadesago.In1991theUnitedStatesCongressaskedNASAtoinvestigatethehazardposedtodaybylargeimpactsonEarth.Thegroupconductingthestudyconcludedfromadetailedanalysisthatimpactsfrommeteoritescanindeedbehazardous.Althoughthereisalwayssomeriskthatalargeimpactcouldoccur,carefulstudyshowsthatthisriskisquitesmall.

62.Inparagraph2,whydoestheauthorincludetheinformationthatdinosaurshadflourishedfortensofmillionsofyearsandthensuddenlydisappeared?

63.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthelocationofthemeteoriteimpactinMexico?

64.Theword“excavating”inPara.4isclosestinmeaningto____.

65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefactorsthatareessentialforthesurvivalofaspeciesissupportedinParagraph6?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.TosupporttheclaimthatthemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceousisthebest-documentedofthedozenorsomassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord.

B.ToexplainwhyasmanyashalfofthespeciesonEarthatthetimearebelievedtohavebecomeextinctattheendoftheCretaceous.

C.ToexplainwhypaleontologistshavealwaysbeenintriguedbythemassextinctionattheendoftheCretaceous.

D.Toprovideevidencethatanimpactcanbelargeenoughtodisturbtheenvironmentoftheentireplanetandcauseanecologicaldisaster.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ThelocationoftheimpactsiteinMexicowaskeptsecretbygeologistsfrom1980to1990.

B.Itwasawell-knownfactthattheimpacthadoccurredintheYucatregion.

C.Geologistsknewthattherehadbeenanimpactbeforetheyknewwhereithadoccurred.

D.TheYucatregionwaschosenbygeologistsasthemostprobableimpactsitebecauseofitsclimate.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.diggingout

B.extending

C.destroying

D.coveringup

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Themostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitsabilitytocompeteandadapttogradualchangesinitsenvironment.

B.Theabilityofaspeciestocompeteandadapttoagraduallychangingenvironmentisnottheonlyabilitythatisessentialforsurvival.

C.Sincemostextinctionsofspeciesareduetomajormeteoriteimpacts,theabilitytosurvivesuchimpactsisthemostimportantfactorforthesurvivalofaspecies.

D.Thefactorsthataremostimportantforthesurvivalofaspeciesvarysignificantlyfromonespeciestoanother.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】62.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】判斷推理題。題干:在第二段中,作者為什么要包括恐龍繁衍了數(shù)千萬年然后突然消失的信息?定位到第二段最后一句Fortensofmillionsofyears,thosegreatcreatureshadflourished.Then,suddenly,theydisappeared.(千百萬年來,這些偉大的生物繁衍生息。然后,突然,他們消失了),然后這句話的前文Whilethereareadozenormoremassextinctionsinthegeologicalrecord,theCretaceousmassextinctionhasalwaysintriguedpaleontologistsbecauseitmarkstheendoftheageofthedinosaurs.(盡管在地質(zhì)記錄中有十幾種或更多的大規(guī)模滅絕,但白堊紀(jì)的大規(guī)模滅絕總能引起古生物學(xué)家的興趣,因?yàn)樗鼧?biāo)志著恐龍時(shí)代的終結(jié)),因此C項(xiàng)“解釋為什么古生物學(xué)家總是對白堊紀(jì)末的大滅絕感興趣”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“為了證明白堊紀(jì)末的大滅絕是地質(zhì)記錄中十幾次大滅絕中記錄最完整的一次”,B項(xiàng)“解釋為什么當(dāng)時(shí)地球上有一半的物種在白堊紀(jì)末滅絕”,D項(xiàng)“提供證據(jù),證明一次影響可能大到足以擾亂整個(gè)地球的環(huán)境,造成生態(tài)災(zāi)難”,均不符合題意。

63.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】判斷推理題。從第三段倒數(shù)第二句By1990geologistshadlocatedtheimpactsiteitselfintheYucatregionofMexico(到1990年,地質(zhì)學(xué)家已經(jīng)將撞擊地點(diǎn)定位在墨西哥的尤卡特地區(qū))可知B項(xiàng)“眾所周知,撞擊發(fā)生在尤卡特地區(qū)”為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“1980年至1990年,地質(zhì)學(xué)家對墨西哥撞擊地點(diǎn)的位置保密”,C項(xiàng)“地質(zhì)學(xué)家在知道撞擊發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)之前就已經(jīng)知道了”,D項(xiàng)“由于氣候原因,地質(zhì)學(xué)家選擇尤卡特地區(qū)作為最可能的撞擊地點(diǎn)”,均在文中未體現(xiàn),故錯(cuò)誤。

64.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測題。excavating“挖掘;開鑿”。A項(xiàng)“掘出”,B項(xiàng)“延伸;擴(kuò)展”,C項(xiàng)“摧毀;毀滅”,D項(xiàng)“掩蓋”,結(jié)合句意:這次撞擊釋放了巨大的能量,一個(gè)約為月球Tycho隕石坑兩倍大的隕石坑。因此A項(xiàng)符合題意。

65.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第六段第四句Thestandardcriterionforthesurvivalofaspeciesisitssuccessincompetingwithotherspeciesandadaptingtoslowlychangingenvironments.Yetanequallyimportantcriterionistheabilityofaspeciestosurviverandomglobalecologicalcatastrophesduetoimpacts.(一個(gè)物種生存的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是它能否成功地與其他物種競爭并適應(yīng)緩慢變化的環(huán)境。然而,一個(gè)同樣重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是,一個(gè)物種是否有能力在隨機(jī)的全球生態(tài)災(zāi)難中生存下來)可知B項(xiàng)“物種競爭和適應(yīng)逐漸變化的環(huán)境的能力不是生存所必需的唯一能力”最貼近文意,是正確答案。A項(xiàng)“一個(gè)物種生存的最重要因素是它的競爭能力和適應(yīng)環(huán)境逐漸變化的能力”,C項(xiàng)“由于大多數(shù)物種的滅絕都是由于主要的隕石撞擊造成的,因此在這種撞擊下生存的能力是物種生存的最重要因素”,D項(xiàng)“對于一個(gè)物種的生存來說,最重要的因素在不同的物種之間有很大的差異”,均未在第六段體現(xiàn)。

3.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingfromEnglishintoChinese.

Wecantakethemysterious,hazyfutureandcarveoutofitanythingthatwecanimagine,

justasasculptorcarvesastatuefromashapelessstone.Weareallinthepositionofthefarmer.Ifweplantagoodseed,wereapagoodharvest.Ifourseedispoorandfullofweeds,wereapauselesscrop.Ifweplantnothingatall,weharvestnothingatall.

Iwantthefuturetobebetterthanthepast.Idon’twantitcontaminatedbythemistakesanderrorswithwhichhistoryisfilled.Weshouldallbeconcernedaboutthefuturebecausethatiswherewewillspendtheremainderofourlives.

Thepastisgoneandstatic.Nothingwecandowillchangeit.Thefutureisbeforeusanddynamic.Everythingwedowillaffectit.Eachdaybringswithitnewfrontiers,inourhomesandinourbusinesses,ifwewillonlyrecognizethem.Wearejustatthebeginningoftheprogressineveryfieldofhumanendeavor.

【答案】我們可以把神秘的、不可知的未來塑造成我們所能想象到的任何東西,就像雕刻家將不成形的石頭上雕刻成雕像一樣。我們都站在農(nóng)民的立場。如果我們播下好的種子,我們就會(huì)收獲好收成。如果我們的種子貧瘠,雜草叢生,我們就會(huì)收獲無用的莊稼。如果我們什么都不種,我們就什么也收獲不了。

我希望未來比過去更美好。我不希望它會(huì)被那些充斥在過去中的錯(cuò)誤與過失所污染。我們都應(yīng)該關(guān)心未來,因?yàn)槲覀儗⒃谖磥矶冗^余生。

往昔已逝,靜如止水。我們所能做的一切都改變不了它。未來就在我們面前,充滿活力。我們所做的每一件都將會(huì)影響它。只要我們認(rèn)識到這些,在我們的家中和在企業(yè)中,每一天都會(huì)帶來新的領(lǐng)域。在人類努力開拓的每一片領(lǐng)域上,我們正處于進(jìn)步的開端。

4.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese

Somephilosophershaveclaimedthatourplayfulnessisthemostnoblepartofourbasicnature.Intheirgenerousconceptions,playharmlesslyandexperimentallypermitsustoputourcreativeforces,fantasy,andimaginationintoaction.Playisreleasefromthetediousbattlesagainstscarcityanddeclinewhicharetheincessantandinevitable,tragediesoflife.Thisisagrandconceptionthatexcitesandprovokes.Theholdersofthisviewclaimthattheoriginsofourhighestaccomplishments—liturgy,literature,andlaw—-canbetracedtoaplayimpulsewhich,paradoxically,weseemostpurelyenjoyedbyyoungbeastsandchildren.Oursports,inthisratherhappy,non-fatalisticviewofhumannature,aremoresplendidcreationsofthenon-datable,trans-speciesplayimpulse.

【答案】一些哲學(xué)家聲稱我們的嬉戲是我們基本天性中最崇高的部分。依他們這些隨意的見解看來,游戲無害而且用實(shí)驗(yàn)方法讓我們的創(chuàng)造力、幻想和想象發(fā)揮作用。游戲讓人們從永不間斷亦不可避免的生活悲劇一一與乏匱和衰退進(jìn)行的枯燥抗?fàn)幹械玫揭环N解脫。這是一個(gè)激動(dòng)人心的偉大構(gòu)想。這種見解的持有者宣稱,我們的最高成就如宗教典禮、文學(xué)、法律的起源可以追溯到游戲的沖動(dòng)。但令人不解的是,我們看到只有幼獸和小孩子才最純粹地享受著這種沖動(dòng)。從這種比較豁達(dá)和非宿命的人性觀來看,我們的運(yùn)動(dòng)是超時(shí)代、跨物種的游戲沖動(dòng)的輝煌創(chuàng)造。

5.單選題

Hewasaccusedofbeinga______becausehemadepromiseswhicharousedfutilehopesinhislisteners.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.spokesman

B.demagogue

C.representative

D.politician

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)spokesman“發(fā)言人;代言人”;B選項(xiàng)demagogue“煽動(dòng)者;煽動(dòng)家;煽動(dòng)政治家”;C選項(xiàng)representative“代表;典型;眾議員;銷售代表”;D選項(xiàng)politician“政治家”。句意:他被指控為一名……,因?yàn)樗某兄Z在聽眾中激起了無用的希望。由arousedfutilehopesinhislisteners(在他的聽眾中激起了無用的希望)可知B選項(xiàng)與其意思對應(yīng)正確,結(jié)合此處語境,B選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Excellentfilmsarethosewhich(

)nationalandculturalbarriers.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.transcend

B.traverse

C.abolish

D.suppress

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)transcend“勝過,超越”;B選項(xiàng)traverse“穿過”;C選項(xiàng)abolish“廢除;取消”;D選項(xiàng)suppress“抑制;鎮(zhèn)壓;廢止”。句意:優(yōu)秀的電影是那些能……國家和文化的障礙的電影。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能與“障礙”搭配的是A選項(xiàng)“transcend超越”。

7.單選題

Althoughthegovernmentstillenjoysahighlevelofpublicsupport,thecrimeproblemhasstirredpolit?ical_______andsuspicions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.substance

B.antagonisms

C.dimension

D.possession

【答案】B

【解析】substance物質(zhì),實(shí)質(zhì);antagonism對抗,敵意;dimension尺寸;possession擁有。句意:雖然政府仍然享有很高的公眾支持,但犯罪問題已經(jīng)引發(fā)了對抗對立和猜疑。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.問答題

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】試題答案:B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意為“更喜歡做某事”。

9.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Inthepast,zooswerelittlemorethan“shelfdisplays”ofanimalsfromthewild.Todayzoos—atleastthebestofthem―trytorecreatethewildfortheanimals.Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.

PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.Boththestressofcaptivityandtheanimal’sneedforexerciseandmovementaretakenintoaccountbyenlightenedzoomanagement;enclosureshaveprivateareaswheretheanimalscanretreatfromtheviewofspectators,andplentyofroomisprovidedfortheanimalstoclimb,swingandroam.Inaddition,greateremphasisisbeingplacedonresearchandpreventivehealthcare.

Perhapstheareaofgreatestconcernforzoosnowiswildlifepreservation.Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.

Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.RatherthanrelyingonaNoah’sArkapproach(twoofeverything),manyzoosnowkeeplargerstocksofeachspeciesandloantheiranimalstoeachotherforbreedingpurposes.

Breedingwildanimalsincaptivityhasnotbeenaneasyundertaking.Findingtherightmateforananimalissometimesdifficult,andtherelativelyforeignenvironmentputsstressonanimalsinwaysthathaveyettobefullyexploredandunderstood.Zoosdoknowthatmaintainingananimal’shealthisacriticalfactorinbreeding.Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.Pregnantfemalesarecloselymonitored,andeveryprecautionistakentoensureasuccessfulbirth.

Zoosmaystillhavesomeproblemstosolve,buttheyhavecomealongway.Notonlyaretheyplacestoobserveandlearnaboutanimalsthatwemightotherwiseneversee,buttheymayalsobeamongthelastrefugesforcreatureswhosesurvivalisconstantlythreatened.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheenvironmentinagoodzoonow?

2.Whatmajorrolesaremodernzoosplaying?

3.Fromthezooproponents’argumentsfewlearnthat(

).

4.Whatisofgreathelpinmultiplyinganimalspeciesaccordingtothepassage?

5.Zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicuresforanimalstoensure(

).

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Spaciousandcivilized

B.Roomyandnatural

C.Shadyandstony

D.Enlightenedandsafe

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Entertainingandeducatingvisitors

B.Educatingandprotectingpeople

C.Educatingpeopleandkeepinganimalspeciesfromextinction

D.Breedinganimalsandlendingthemtoothers

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.civilizationshouldbeabandonedinordertosavewildanimals

B.zoosarethreateninganimalwithextinction

C.althoughzoosoncemadecontributiontosavinganimalsfromthedangerofextinction,nowtheydonotpreserveendangeredspecies

D.Whilesomepeoplethreatenwildanimalsbyhunting,zoosarenowprotectingthemfromthedangerofextinction

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toexchangeanimalsamongthezoos

B.Toputanimalsintolargercages

C.Tohuntanimalsfromwildpreserve

D.Tofeedanimalsincaptivitybeforesendingthembacktonature

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.goodhealth

B.thattheyaretallandstrong

C.thattheyarekeptintopcages

D.anidealenvironment

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:下列哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以描述一個(gè)好的動(dòng)物園的環(huán)境。A選項(xiàng)“寬敞、文明”;B選項(xiàng)“寬敞、自然”;C選項(xiàng)“陰涼、多石”;D選項(xiàng)“富有啟迪性以及安全的”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二句話Smallcagesaregivingwaytospaciousenclosureswhereplants,rocks,treesandwatersimulatetheanimal’snaturalenvironments.(小籠子讓位給寬敞的圍欄,里面的植物、巖石、樹木和水模擬了動(dòng)物的自然環(huán)境)從這句可以看出答案選B;A選項(xiàng)文章沒有提及,所以不選;C選項(xiàng)定位到第二段第二句話,雖然有提到樹蔭和石頭但是不是本句重點(diǎn)也不能全部概括當(dāng)代動(dòng)物園的特點(diǎn),這里屬于以偏概全,所以不選;D選項(xiàng)定位到第二段第一句PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.(公共教育和動(dòng)物物種保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為美國較好的動(dòng)物園的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。),沒有講到當(dāng)代動(dòng)物園的特點(diǎn),這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤,所以D選項(xiàng)不能選。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干:現(xiàn)代動(dòng)物園扮演什么重要的角色。A選項(xiàng)“娛樂和教育游客”;B選項(xiàng)“教育和保護(hù)人們”;C選項(xiàng)“教育人們,保護(hù)動(dòng)物物種免于滅絕”;D選項(xiàng)“飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物,并把它們借給他人”。第二段第一句話PubliceducationandtheprotectionofanimalspecieshavebecometheprioritiesofthebetterzoosintheUnitedStates.(公共教育和動(dòng)物物種保護(hù)已經(jīng)成為美國較好的動(dòng)物園的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng))由此可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,是保護(hù)動(dòng)物而不是保護(hù)人類;C選項(xiàng)正確;A選項(xiàng)定位到第一段最后一句話Asmuchimportanceisplacedoncaringfortheanimalsasonattractingandentertainingvisitors.(照顧動(dòng)物和吸引、娛樂游客一樣重要),這里講的是動(dòng)物園想要達(dá)到的目的,而不是動(dòng)物園在公眾面前所起到的作用,屬于出處錯(cuò)誤,所以A選項(xiàng)不選;D選項(xiàng)定位到第四段第一、二句Althoughzoosstilloccasionallyimportwildanimalsfromaroundtheworldtostocktheircages,theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.(雖然動(dòng)物園仍然偶爾從世界各地進(jìn)口野生動(dòng)物放在籠子里,但他們正在越來越多地尋找其他動(dòng)物園和圈養(yǎng)動(dòng)物的來源,以獲得更多的動(dòng)物。),這里不能回答題干所問的問題屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

第3題:判斷推理題。題干:從動(dòng)物園支持者的觀點(diǎn)中,很少有人知道什么?A選項(xiàng)“為了拯救野生動(dòng)物,文明應(yīng)該被拋棄”;B選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物園正威脅著動(dòng)物的滅絕”;C選項(xiàng)“雖然動(dòng)物園曾經(jīng)為拯救瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物作出了貢獻(xiàn),但現(xiàn)在它們不保護(hù)瀕危物種”;D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)一些人通過狩獵威脅野生動(dòng)物時(shí),動(dòng)物園正在保護(hù)它們免于滅絕的危險(xiǎn)”。定位到第三段第二句Zooproponentsarguethatencroachingcivilizationisrapidlydestroyingtheremainingnaturalhabitatsofwildanimal.(動(dòng)物園的支持者認(rèn)為,文明的入侵正在迅速摧毀野生動(dòng)物僅存的自然棲息地),由這里可知支持者認(rèn)為因?yàn)槲拿鞯娜肭謱?dǎo)致野生動(dòng)物的棲息地減少從而威脅野生動(dòng)物的生存,所以暗含著保護(hù)野生動(dòng)物就應(yīng)該拋棄文明的意味,所以答案選A。

B選項(xiàng)定位到第三段最后一句Althoughzoosoncecontributedtothethreatofextinctionfacinganimalsinthewildbycontinuallystockingtheircageswithcapturedanimals,theynowhaveredefinedtheirroleaspreserversofendangeredspecies.(盡管動(dòng)物園曾經(jīng)不斷地在籠子里放養(yǎng)被捕獲的動(dòng)物,造成了野生動(dòng)物面臨滅絕的威脅,但它們現(xiàn)在重新定義了自己作為瀕危物種保護(hù)者的角色),從這里可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是保護(hù)者的角色就不會(huì)威脅動(dòng)物的生存,這里屬于反向干擾;

D選項(xiàng)定位到第三段第三句Huntingforfurs,tusksandfeathersisprevalentinsomecountries,whichputanimalsfurtherindanger.(在一些國家,對毛皮、象牙和羽毛的捕獵十分盛行,這使動(dòng)物進(jìn)一步處于危險(xiǎn)之中),從這里可知不是偷獵導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物瀕危,而是偷獵進(jìn)一步導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物數(shù)量減少,所以不選。

第4題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到第四段第一句話theyarelookingmoreandmoretootherzoosandtobreedinganimalsincaptivitysourcesformoreanimals.(他們正在越來越多地關(guān)注其他動(dòng)物園和圈養(yǎng)動(dòng)物,以獲得更多的動(dòng)物),所以選A選項(xiàng)“在動(dòng)物園之間交換動(dòng)物”;

B選項(xiàng)“把動(dòng)物放進(jìn)更大的籠子里”,根據(jù)46題雖然有提到給動(dòng)物提供更大的空間但是這不能讓動(dòng)物數(shù)量增加,這里屬于反向干擾,所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;

C選項(xiàng)“從野生保護(hù)區(qū)獵捕動(dòng)物”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“在將動(dòng)物送回大自然之前給它們喂食”,文中沒有提及,屬于無中生有。

題干:根據(jù)文章,什么對動(dòng)物物種的繁殖有很大的幫助?A選項(xiàng)“在動(dòng)物園之間交換動(dòng)物”。

第5題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。第一步,精準(zhǔn)定位,定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Asaresult,zoosprovideeverythingfromdentalworktopedicurestokeeptheanimalsintopshape.(因此,動(dòng)物園提供從牙科到足療的一切服務(wù),以保持動(dòng)物的最佳狀態(tài)),這里intopshape固定搭配“保持健康”的意思,答案選A;

B選項(xiàng)shape不是體態(tài)的意思,所以B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;

C、D屬于出處錯(cuò)誤,文中有提到籠子和生活環(huán)境這些不是動(dòng)物園做動(dòng)物身體護(hù)理的目的。

10.翻譯題

努力工作和醉心于工作之間有很大的區(qū)別。努力工作是指工作有條有理、精力集中,完成許多工作,知道何時(shí)歇手,知道除了工作還有生活。而工作狂們常常是缺乏條理,總是尋找理由想做得更多些,沒有工作可做時(shí)就感到不知所措,想通過工作來逃避問題。他們不知道怎樣或何時(shí)放松一下,經(jīng)常把辦公室里的活兒帶回家里去做,不善于和同事及家人交流溝通。

【答案】There’sabigdistinctionbetweenworkinghardandbeingaworkaholic.Workinghardinvolvesbeingorganized,focused,gettingalotofworkdone,knowingwhentostop,andhavingalifeotherthanwork.Workaholics,ontheotherhand,areoftendisorganized,alwaysfindreasonsforworkingmore,feellostwithoutworktodo,hidefromproblemsthroughwork,don’tknowhoworwhentorelax,bringworkhomefromtheoffice,can’tcommunicatewellwithfellowworkersandfamilymembers.

11.單選題

Changesinresidenceandjobsplaceatremendous(1)ofstressandpressureonpeople

(2)

theytrytoadjustthemselvestonewpeopleandplaces.Yettransientrelationshipsarenot

(3)

onlytopeopleandplaces.Objectsmoveinandoutofourlivesatanastonishingrate.America,the“consumersociety”,hasalso

(4)

thename‘thethrowawaysociety”.Everyyearwethrowaway

(5)

quantitiesofbottles,cans,paper,andonandon.Buildingsaretom

(6)

aroundus,andnewonestaketheirplace,fortheyare

(7)

toreplacethantorepair.

(8)everymajorchange,ourplacesfeel

(9)

familiar.Ourlivesbecomefilledwithasenseofimpermanenceanduncertainty.

Therateatwhichnewandsometimescontradictoryinformationcomesatus

(10)

contributestoourfeelingsofinstabilityandtransience.It’sestimatedthat90percentofallscientistswhoeverlivedare

(11)

today.Newscientificdiscoveriesarebeingmadeeverydayoftheweek,(12)

unlikeinotherages,newideasarequicklyinpracticalways.The(13)

ofnewtechnologyonourlivesisfeltalmostimmediately.

Aswelook

(14)

onhistory,wethinkintermsoflargeperiodsoftime,fromthetenthousandyearsoftheagriculturalrevolutiontothethreehundredyearsoftheindustrial

(15)

.Todaytime

(16)

likeit'saccelerating.Wenolonger

(17)

tothinkofchangeintermsofcenturies

(18)

intermsof

(19)

:the1960s,1970sand1980s.Thedaymaycomewhenwethinkofgreat

(20)

ofhistoricalchangeintermsofyears,evenmonths.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.number

B.amount

C.sum

D.series

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.until

B.since

C.as

D.sothat

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.adapted

B.referred

C.applied

D.limited

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.earned

B.taken

C.given

D.called

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.credible

B.incredible

C.credulous

D.incredulous

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.away

B.up

C.off

D.down

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.faster

B.lighter

C.cheaper

D.better

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.In

B.By

C.With

D.Through

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.less

B.more

C.quite

D.too

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.even

B.ever

C.farther

D.further

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.alive

B.dead

C.long-lived

D.short-lived

問題12選項(xiàng)

A.so

B.but

C.for

D.or

問題13選項(xiàng)

A.result

B.force

C.influence

D.impression

問題14選項(xiàng)

A.down

B.round

C.out

D.back

問題15選項(xiàng)

A.date

B.age

C.time

D.day

問題16選項(xiàng)

A.feels

B.looks

C.should

D.would

問題17選項(xiàng)

A.manage

B.incline

C.tend

D.intend

問題18選項(xiàng)

A.butrather

B.orrather

C.wouldrather

D.ratherthan

問題19選項(xiàng)

A.pentathlons

B.decathlons

C.pentads

D.decades

問題20選項(xiàng)

A.deals

B.periods

C.times

D.portions

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

第6題:D

第7題:D

第8題:C

第9題:A

第10題:D

第11題:D

第12題:B

第13題:C

第14題:D

第15題:B

第16題:B

第17題:C

第18題:A

第19題:D

第20題:D

【解析】(1)量詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)anumberof意為“大量的”,后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式;B選項(xiàng)aamountof意為“大量的”,后面可以跟不可數(shù)名詞;C選項(xiàng)asumof意為“總計(jì),合計(jì)”;D選項(xiàng)aseriesof意為“一系列的”??蘸蟮膕tressandpressure為不可數(shù)名詞所以B選項(xiàng)正確,atremendousamountof...數(shù)目非常巨大的。

(2)連詞用法辨析。A選項(xiàng)until表示“直到…”;B選項(xiàng)since通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中;C選項(xiàng)as一般引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,表示原因或者表示“正如,好像”;D選項(xiàng)sothat通常引導(dǎo)結(jié)果或目的狀語從句。本句句意為“居住地和工作地的改變給人們帶來了巨大的壓力因?yàn)樗麄円ψ屪约哼m應(yīng)新的人和新的環(huán)境?!备鶕?jù)句意確定是因果關(guān)系,C選項(xiàng)正確。

(3)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)adapt“適應(yīng)于”;B選項(xiàng)refer“參考,查閱”;C選項(xiàng)apply“應(yīng)用于”;D選項(xiàng)limit“限制,局限”。根據(jù)本句開頭的yet可知句意轉(zhuǎn)折,因此句意為“然而這種短暫的關(guān)系不僅僅對人和地方有限制”。D選項(xiàng)正確。

(4)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)earn“賺錢,掙得,獲得”;B選項(xiàng)take“攜帶”;C選項(xiàng)give“給予”;D選項(xiàng)call“呼叫”。本句句意為“美國,又稱‘消費(fèi)合作社’,也獲得一個(gè)名字叫做‘東西用過就扔的社會(huì)’。”A選項(xiàng)正確。

(5)形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)credible“可靠的,可信的”;B選項(xiàng)incredible“不可靠的,不可信的”;C選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的”;D選項(xiàng)incredulous“懷疑的,不輕信的”。句意為“每年我們都扔掉難以置信的數(shù)量的瓶子、罐子、紙等等”。根據(jù)句意可知這里強(qiáng)調(diào)的是數(shù)量大得驚人,讓人難以置信,B選項(xiàng)正確。

(6)固定動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。torn是tear的過去分詞,A選項(xiàng)tearaway“疾馳”;B選項(xiàng)tearup“撕毀,撕碎”;C選項(xiàng)tearoff“撕下,撕掉”;D選項(xiàng)teardown“拆卸,撕毀”。本句是指很多建筑物被拆掉然后新的又重新建起,強(qiáng)調(diào)拆建筑物,D選項(xiàng)正確。

(7)形容詞比較級辨析。A選項(xiàng)faster“更快”;B選項(xiàng)lighter“更輕”;C選項(xiàng)cheaper“更便宜,更廉價(jià)”;D選項(xiàng)better“更好”。句意“我們周圍的建筑物被拆掉,然后新的建筑物又在原地重建,因?yàn)樗鼈儽绕鹬匦蓿亟ǜ眯?。”D選項(xiàng)正確。

(8)介詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)in“在……里面”;B選項(xiàng)by“通過,被……”;C選項(xiàng)with“伴隨,有…”;D選項(xiàng)through“通過”。句意為“隨著每一個(gè)主要的變化,我們的地方變得不再熟悉了?!盋項(xiàng)選表示伴隨正確。

(9)副詞比較級辨析。A選項(xiàng)less“更少”;B選項(xiàng)more“更多”;C選項(xiàng)quite“相當(dāng),很”;D選項(xiàng)too“也”。句意為“隨著每一個(gè)主要的變化,我們的地方變得不再熟悉了。”也就是說,隨著周圍的不斷變化,熟悉感就會(huì)越來越少,A選項(xiàng)less表示更少正確。

(10)副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)even“甚至”;B選項(xiàng)ever“曾經(jīng)”,多用于完成時(shí)態(tài);C選項(xiàng)farther“更遠(yuǎn)”;D選項(xiàng)further“更深一層”。本句句意為“新的有時(shí)候也充滿矛盾的信息不斷涌向我們的頻率更加深了我們的不穩(wěn)定感和無常感?!贝颂帍?qiáng)調(diào)程度深,D選項(xiàng)正確。

(11)形容詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)alive“活著的,活潑的,有生氣的”;B選項(xiàng)dead“無生命的,呆板的”;C選項(xiàng)long-lived“長命的,歷時(shí)長久的”;D選項(xiàng)short-lived“短命的”。句意為“據(jù)報(bào)道所有的科學(xué)家中有90%壽命很短。”D選項(xiàng)正確。

(12)連詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)so表示因果關(guān)系;B選項(xiàng)but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;C選項(xiàng)for表示因果關(guān)系;D選項(xiàng)or表示選擇關(guān)系以及“否則”的意思。本句句意為“新的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)每周每天都在創(chuàng)造,但是不像在其他時(shí)代一樣,新的想法很快就付諸實(shí)踐了?!鼻昂缶湟廪D(zhuǎn)折,B選項(xiàng)正確。

(13)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)result“結(jié)果”;B選項(xiàng)force“力量”;C選項(xiàng)influence“影響”;D選項(xiàng)impression“效果,印象,印記,感想”。句意為“我們生活中的新科技的影響幾乎立刻就能感知到?!盋選項(xiàng)正確。

(14)固定動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)與look搭配意為:A選項(xiàng)lookdown“輕視”;B選項(xiàng)lookround“環(huán)顧四周”;C選項(xiàng)lookout“小心,向外看”;D選項(xiàng)lookbackon“回顧,回憶”。句意“隨著我們回顧歷史……”,D選項(xiàng)正確。

(15)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)date“日期”;age“年代,年齡”;C選項(xiàng)time“時(shí)間,時(shí)代”;D選項(xiàng)day“天,每天”。此處與空前的theagriculturalrevolution“農(nóng)業(yè)改革”相對應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是“工業(yè)時(shí)代”,“theindustrialage”,B選項(xiàng)正確。

(16)動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)feels“感覺”;B選項(xiàng)looks“看”,與like搭配意為“看起來像”;C選項(xiàng)should“應(yīng)該”;D選項(xiàng)would“想要”。句意為“當(dāng)今時(shí)代看起來好像是加速的”。B選項(xiàng)正確。

(17)動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)manage“管理,控制”;B選項(xiàng)incline“使傾斜,傾斜于”;C選項(xiàng)tend“傾向”;D選項(xiàng)intend“打算,有打算”。本句句意為“我們不再傾向于從世紀(jì)的角度思考改變了而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代,20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度?!眛endtodosth.意為“傾向于做某事”,C選項(xiàng)正確。

(18)固定搭配辨析。A選項(xiàng)butrather“而是,而寧可說是";B選項(xiàng)orrather“更精確地說,不如說”;C選項(xiàng)wouldrather“寧愿”;D選項(xiàng)ratherthan“而不是”。句意“…而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代,20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度?!笨芍狝選項(xiàng)正確。

(19)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)pentathlon“五項(xiàng)全能運(yùn)動(dòng)”;decathlons“十項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)”;C選項(xiàng)pentad“五個(gè)一組”;D選項(xiàng)decades“十年”。根據(jù)句意“我們不再傾向于從世紀(jì)的角度思考改變了而是從比如20世紀(jì)60年代,20世紀(jì)70年代以及20世紀(jì)80年代這樣的年代的角度?!币约翱蘸蟮膖he1960s,1970s以及1980s的舉例可知這里是和年代有關(guān)的,D選項(xiàng)正確。

(20)名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)deals“交易,協(xié)議”;B選項(xiàng)periods“時(shí)期”;C選項(xiàng)times“時(shí)代”;D選項(xiàng)portions“部分”。句意為“以后的日子里我們可能需要根據(jù)幾年甚至幾個(gè)月來考慮歷史的變化的問題?!备鶕?jù)句意確定D選項(xiàng)正確。

12.翻譯題

人性的完整在于承認(rèn)自己的缺陷,勇敢地摒棄不現(xiàn)實(shí)的幻想而又不以此為缺憾。人性的完整還在于意識到自己能夠使悲劇性的人生繼續(xù)存在下去,能夠在失去親人后依然表現(xiàn)出完整的個(gè)人風(fēng)范。

當(dāng)我們承認(rèn)瑕疵是構(gòu)成人性的一部分,同時(shí)又能繼續(xù)在生活中不懈地奮斗,并大大贊美這樣的人生價(jià)值時(shí),我們就會(huì)獲得其他人僅能期盼的完整人生。我相信這就是上帝對我們的要求:不求“完美”,也不求“永不犯錯(cuò)誤”,而是求得人性的“完整”。

【答案】【參考譯文】Thereisawholenesstohumannaturethatconsistsinadmittingourlimitations,inbeingbraveenoughtoletgoofunrealisticdreamsandnotfeellikeafailurefordoingso.Thereisawholenessaboutthemanorwomanwhohaslearnedthatheorsheisstrongenoughtogothroughatragedyandsurvive,canlosesomeoneandbestilllikeacompleteperson.

Whenweacceptthatimperfectionispartofbeinghuman,andwhenwecancontinuerollingthroughlifeandappreciateit,wewillhaveachievedawholenessthatotherscanonlyaspireto.That,Ibelieve,iswhatgodasksofus—not“beperfect”,not“donotevenmakeamistake”,but“bewhole”.

13.翻譯題

Manyobjectsindailyusehaveclearlybeeninfluencedbyscientistsbuttheirformandfunction,theirstructuresandappearance,weredeterminedbytechnologists,artisans,designers,inventorsandengineersusingnonscientificmodesofthought.

TillieOlsen'sfictionandessayshavebeenwidelyandrightlyacknowledgedasmajorcontributionstoAmericanliterature,andherworkhasbeenparticularlyvaluedbycontemporaryfeminists.

Thatsexratiowillbefavoredwhichmaximizesthenumberofdescendantsanindividualwillhaveandhencethenumberofgenecopiestransmitted.

Doctorsaremenwhoprescribemedicinesofwhichtheyknewlittle,tocurediseasesofwhichtheyknewless,inhumanbeingsofwhomtheyknewnothing.

Thiswasthedilemmaoftherottenrulingclasswhoseideologyhadbeendiscreditedandwhosepowerrestedonliesandbruteforce.

BeingbornfemaleandblackweretwohandicapsGwendolynBrooksstat

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