考研考博-英語-安徽國際商務職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽國際商務職業(yè)學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Ifbusinessmenaretaxedtoomuch,theywillnolongerbe（

）toworkhard,withtheresultthattaxrevenuesmightactuallyshrink

問題1選項

A.cultivated

B.licensed

C.motivated

D.innovated

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。cultivated“有教養(yǎng)的”；licensed“得到許可的”；motivated“有動機的”；innovated“改革的，創(chuàng)新的”。

句意：如果商人被收太重的稅，他們將不再努力工作，結果就是稅收收入會縮水。選項C符合題意。

2.單選題

Theworkhas________thestatusofaclassicamongthecomposer’sadmirers.

問題1選項

A.required

B.acquired

C.inquired

D.inspired

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項required“要求”；B選項acquired“獲得，取得”；C選項inquired“詢問，問明”；D選項inspired“激發(fā)，鼓舞”。句意：這個作品在作曲者的追隨者中（）經(jīng)典的地位，作品和追隨者心目中的地位是需要獲得的，所以B選項acquire最合適。

3.單選題

Allthememoriesofhischildhoodhad（）fromhismindbythetimehewas65.

問題1選項

A.faded

B.illustrated

C.confined

D.concerned

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項fade“褪色，凋謝，逐漸消失”；B選項illustrate“闡明，舉例說明”；C選項confine“限制，禁閉”；D選項concern“關系到，涉及”。句意：在他65歲時，童年的所有記憶都從他的腦海中消失了。由選項意思和句意可知，A選項符合句意。

4.單選題

Nancywassurprisedthattheyhave（

）.Theyseemedtobeahappycouple.

問題1選項

A.splitup

B.brokendown

C.fallenthrough

D.knockedout

【答案】A

【解析】考查動詞詞組辨析。splitup“分開；離婚”；brokendown“出故障”；fallenthrough“失敗”；knockedout“使筋疲力盡；神志不清”。句意：南希很驚訝他們已離婚，因為他們看上去是那么幸福的一對。由surprised及happy對比可知，A項符合題意。答案A

5.單選題

Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenaninternationalbusiness,butitisbecomingdramaticallymoreso.Inthepastdecadetotalbox-officespendinghasrisenbyaboutone-thirdinNorthAmericawhilemorethandoublingelsewhere.ThankstoHarryPoller,SherlockHolmesand“Inception”,WarnerBrosmade$2.93billionoutsideNorthAmericalastyear,smashingthestudio’spreviousrecordof$2.24billion.FallingDVDsalesinAmerica,byfartheworld’sbiggesthome-entertainmentmarket,meanHollywoodisevenmoredependentonforeignpunters.

Thegrowthoftheinternationalboxofficeispartlyaresultofthedollar'sweakness.Itwasalsohelpedby“Avatar”,andeco-fantasythatmadeastartling$2billionoutsideNorthAmerica.Butthreethingsareparticularlyimportant:acinemaboomintheemergingworld,aconcertedeffortbythemajorstudiostomakefilmsthatmightplaywelloutsideAmericaandaglobalmarketingpushtomakesuretheydo.

Russia,withitsshrinkingteenagepopulation,isanunlikelyspotforabox-officeboom.Yetcinema-buildingisproceedingapace,andsupplyliascreateddemand.Lastyear160mcinematicketsweresoldinRussia—thefirsttimeinrecentyearsthatsaleshaveexceededthecountry’spopulation.Ticketpriceshaverisen,inpartbecausethenewcinemasaresuperior,withdigitalprojectorsthatcanshow3Dfilms.

Growingfearsofpiracyhaveledstudiostoreleasefilmsalmostsimultaneouslyinmanycountries;increasingly,thepremieretakesplaceoutsideAmerica.Thatchangesthemarketinggame,saysMichaelLynton,headofSonyPictures.StudiosusedtorelyonrumorsofAmericansuccessseepingoutofthecountry,primingaudienceselsewheretoseeafilm.Nowtheymustconductcoordinatedglobalcampaigns.Starsaregatheredfortwo-week-longmarketingblitzes（突襲）thatmaytakethemtotencountries--“l(fā)ikeapoliticalcampaign”,saysMr.Lynton.

ThesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericaisnotpurelyamarketingmatter.Asforeignbox-officesaleshavebecomemoreimportant,thepeoplewhomanageinternationaldistributionhavebecomemoreinfluential,weighinginon“green-light”decisionsaboutwhichfilmsaremade.Thestudiosarecarefultoseedfilmswithactors,locationsand,occasionally,languagesthatarewell-knownintargetcountries.

1.TheauthorofthepassageusesHarryPotterinthefirstparagraphto（）.

2.Accordingtothesecondparagraph,thefollowingaretheelementscontributingtothesuccessof“Avatar”EXCEPT（）.

3.Thesentence“supplyhascreateddemand”inthethirdparagraphcanbestbeexplainedbythefactthat（）.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph?

5.Accordingtothepassage,thesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericacanbedeterminedbyallthefollowingelementsEXCEPT（）.

問題1選項

A.showthatWarnerBiosisthemostsuccessfulstudioinHollywood

B.exemplifyHollywood’srelianceonforeignmarkets

C.indicatethedownturnofAmerica’sdomesticfilmmarket

D.emphasizetheinterdependencebetweenWarnerBrosandotherstudios

問題2選項

A.moreandmorecountriesareintheboomingperiodoffilmmarket

B.thevalueofdollarisdecreasing

C.peoplehavepaidmoreattentiontotheeco-systemoutsideNorthAmerica

D.agoodcollaborationbetweenthemajorstudios

問題3選項

A.theyoungpopulationinRussiaistemptedintogoingtonewcinemasbytheirsuperiority.

B.theteenagepopulationinRussiaisdecreasingwithaspeedfasterthanthatofbuildingnewcinemas.

C.Russiaisbuildingalotofnewcinemaswithdigitalprojectors.

D.ticketpriceshaverisenbecause3Dfilmsareavailableinthenewcinemas.

問題4選項

A.Manycountriesareworriedbythegrowingpiracyofnewlyreleasedfilms.

B.Moviestarsareoftenaskedtoconductglobalmarketingcampaigns.

C.Inordertowinthemarket,rumorsofstarsareoftentakenintofilms.

D.Moviestarsdon’tliketheglobalmarketingcampaigns.

問題5選項

A.themarketrules

B.theunwrittenrules

C.peoplewhomanageinternationaldistribution

D.themajorlanguagesusedintargetcountries

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.作者意圖題。文章開頭指出:Hollywoodhasalwaysbeenaninternationalbusiness,butitisbecomingdramaticallymoreso(好萊塢影片運作一直是國際性產業(yè)，但這個趨勢似乎愈演愈烈了),后面以HarryPotter為例:ThankstoHarryPotter,SherlockHolmesand“Inception”,WarnerBrosmade$2.93billionoutsideNorthAmericalastyear,smashingthestudio’spreviousrecordof$2.24billion(正是歸功于哈利波特、福爾摩斯和‘盜夢空間’，華納兄弟影業(yè)全年在北美以外的市場進賬29.3億美元，打破了22.4億美元的記錄),由此看出作者是為了舉例證明好萊塢對國外市場的依賴。故選B。

2.判斷推理題。各選項為:A:越來越多的國家處于電影市場的繁榮吋期,B:美元的貶值,C:人們已更加關注北美外的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),D:主要的電影制片廠之間好的合作。第二段指出:Butthreethingsareparticularlyimportant:acinemaboomintheemergingworld,aconcertedeffortbythemajorstudiostomakefilmsthatmightplaywelloutsideAmericaandaglobalmarketingpushtomakesuretheydo(另外，還有三點重要原因：新興國家電影院發(fā)展迅速，美國的大型電影制片方共同努力出品迎合海外市場口味的電影，以及國際營銷的力量),由此可知A項和D項在文中有提及。再由第二段中“Thegrowthoftheinternationalboxofficeispartlyaresultofthedollar’sweakness(國際票房增長的部分原因是美元貶値)”可知B項在文中也有提及。因此C項未被提及。故選C。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位至句子:Yetcinema-buildingisproceedingapace,andsupplyhascreateddemand.Lastyear160mcinematicketsweresoldinRussia—thefirsttimeinrecentyearsthatsaleshaveexceededthecountry’spopulation(但影院建設急速進行,….去年，俄國賣出1.6億張電影票——打破了近幾年來銷量未能超過人口數(shù)量的規(guī)律)。因此,“supplyhascreateddemand”原意為“供應促進了需求”,即A項“俄羅斯的年輕人因新電影院的優(yōu)勢而被吸引去看電影”。

4.判斷推理題。題干問:從第四段可以推斷出什么?第四段指出:Starsaregatheredfortwo-week-longmarketingblitzesthatmaytakethemtotencountries——“l(fā)ikeapoliticalcampaign”，saysMr.Lynton(明星們要聚在一起巡回10個國家，參與長達兩周的閃電式影片營銷宣傳計劃——‘就像總統(tǒng)競選’，Lynton先生提到)。由此推測B“電影明星經(jīng)常被要求去進行全球營銷活動”正確。

5.判斷推理題。題干問:根據(jù)這篇文章，一部電影在美國外的成功取決于以下所有因素，除了…。各選項為:A:市場規(guī)則,B:潛規(guī)則,C:管理國際發(fā)行的人,D:目標國家使用的主要語言。最后一段指出:ThesuccessofafilmoutsideAmericaisnotpurelyamarketingmatter(—部電影在美國以外市場的成功不僅僅取決于營銷因素),因此A屬于因素之一。由“Asforeignbox-officesaleshavebecomemoreimportant,thepeoplewhomanageinternationaldistributionhavebecomemoreinfluential,weighinginon“green-light”decisionsaboutwhichfilmsaremade(隨著海外票房的重要性與日俱增，海外電影發(fā)行管理人員影響力也膨脹了，他們有權決定給哪部電影開綠燈)”可知C屬于。最后一段指出:Thestudiosarecarefultoseedfilmswithactors,locationsand,occasionally,languagesthatarewell-knownintargetcountries(針對目標國家，制片方要很用心地在影片中植入目標市場所熟悉的演員、拍攝地、甚至語言)。D也屬于因素之一。因此只有B項未被提及,故選B。

6.寫作題

Directions:Writeacompositiononthetopic"TheSocialFunctionofHealth".Youshouldwriteatleast250wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow:

1.健康在個人行使社會功能中的作用。

2.健康對于整個社會的作用。

3.健康不僅是醫(yī)學問題，更是社會問題。

【答案】略

7.填空題

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.

Caringforelderlyparentscatchesmanyunprepared[A]LastJuly,JulieBaldocchi’smotherhadamassivestrokeandwasparalyzed.Baldocchisuddenlyhadtobecomeafamilycaregiver,somethingthatshewasn’tpreparedfor.“Iwasflyingbytheseatofmypants,”saysBaldocchi,anemploymentspecialistinSanFrancisco.Bothofherparentsare83,andsheknewherfathercouldn’thandlehermother’scare.Thehospitalrecommendedputtinghermotherinanursinghome.Baldocchiwasn’twillingtodothat.Butmovingherbackintoherparents’homecreatedotherproblems.Baldocchi,48,ismarriedandlivesaboutamileawayfromherparents.Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“Icouldn’tdoitall,”shesays.ButIdidn’tevenknowhowtofindhelp.”

[B]WithhelpfromthefamilyCaregiverAlliance,sheeventuallyhiredalive-incaregiver.“Butevenifyouplanintellectuallyandlegally,you’reneverreadyfortheemotionalimpact,”Baldocchisays.Inthefirsttwomonthsafterhermother’sstroke,shelostabout30poundsasstressmounted.Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.Anadditional61.6millionprovidedatleastsomecareduringtheyear.Andmanyareunprepared.

[C]Whilemanyparentslackanadvancecaredirective,it’sthemostbasicandimportantsteptheycantake.Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.(Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.)“It’sinvaluableforthekids,becauseit’shardtomakethosedecisionsforaparent,”saysJenniferCona,anelder-lawattorneyatGenserDubowGenser&ConainMelville,N.Y.Anadvancecaredirectiveisthefirstlineofdefenseifasituationarises,saysKathleenKelly,executivedirectoroftheFamilyCaregiverAlliance,whichsupportsandeducatescaregivers.Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.

[D]It’simportantforfamiliestotalkaboutlong-termcaresotheadultchildrenknowtheirparents’preferences,wishesangoals,saysLynnFeinberg,acaregivingexpertatAARP.Butit’snotaneasyconversation.Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives,saysSusanJohn,afinancialplanneratFinancialFocusinWolfeboro,N.H.OneclientaskedJohntoholdafamilymeetingbecausetheyneededanintermediarytotalkaboutfinancialissues,shesays.Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.InFebruary,AARPsaiditwillofferitsmembersanewcaregivingsupportservicethroughfinancialservicesfirmGenworth.

[E]Manyfamiliesareunpreparedforquickdecisions,especiallywhentheyfindoutthatMedicaredoesn’tpayforlong-termcare,Feinbergsays.Themediancostofayearinaprivateroomatanursinghomein2011was$77,745,accordingtoGenworth.AndonlythosewhohavespentmostoftheirassetscanqualifyforMedicaidtopayforthenursinghome.

[F]Assistedlivingisanotheroption.Residentscanhavetheirownapartmenttomaintainsomeindependence.Butthefacilitiesgenerallyprovidepersonalcareservices,suchasmeals,housekeepingandassistancewithactivities.Still,it’snotcheap:Thenationalmediancostin2011was$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.

[G]Iftheyhaveachoice,atleast90%ofelderlyparentsprefertostayathomeaslongastheycan,accordingtoAARPresearch.Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.Theremaybeanotheroption.Sometimesthehomecanbemodifiedsoaparentcanstaythere.Forexample,Baldocchiputinachairliftforhermother.Shealsoarrangedforahomecaregiver.

[H]Familycaregiverstakeovermanyresponsibilities.Onemightmanageaparent’sfinances,whileanothersiblingwilltaketheparenttodoctors’appointmentsandshopping.Thosewhomoveinwithaparenttakeonasignificantandsustainedburdenofcare.JanWalkermovedintohermother’shomeinLeesburg,Fla.Afterhermother,whois83,hadfallen,shewasn’tabletogetaroundaswell.Walker,55,hasthreebrothers.Butsheistheonlydaughter,isdivorcedandhasnochildren.“IalwaysknewthatthiswastherolethatIwouldhave,andIguessmymindwaspreparedforit,”saysWalker,whonowisafull-timecaregiverandworksfromhomeasatutorialinstructorforadigitalscrapbookingwebsite.“Whenyougetintothetrenches,it’sliterallybaptismbyfire,”shesays.“Newthingscomeup.It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.

[I]Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“Thereissuchathingascaregiverburnout,”Conasays.Amongfemalecaregivers50andolder,20%reportedsymptomsofdepression,accordingtoa2010studyonworkingcaregiversbyMetLife.“It’sahardjob.”Walkersays.“Butmostworthwhilethingsarehard.ShewasalwaysthereformewhenIneededahelpinghand.It’sonlynaturalthatIbehereforhernow.

11.Whenelderlyparentscannotliveathomesafely,theirchildrencanchangetheirhomeinsteadofsendingthemtoanadultcarefacility.

12.Totalkaboutlong-termcareisnoteasybecausesometimesagedparentsaresuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives.

13.Besidesadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare,familycaregiverstakeovermanyotherresponsibilities.

14.Thedifferencebetweenadurablepowerofattorneyandahealthcareproxyisthatthelatterallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment.

15.Baldocchididnotwanttosendhermothertoanursinghome,butshehaddifficultytakingcareofher.

16.Over42millioncaregivershelpedanadultwitheverydayactivitiesintheUSAin2009.

17.Ifafamilyneedsinformationorhelptosortoutdisagreements,therearemanypeopletheycancallon.

18.Caregiversshouldpayattentiontotheirownhealth,ortheymaybumoutorbecomedepressed.

19.Onewillhavetopetitionthecourttobetheparent’slegalguardian,ifthereisnoadvancedirective.

20.Thenationalmediancostofassistedlivingin2011was$39,135anditisnotcoveredbyMedicaid.

【答案】11.G

12.D

13.H

14.C

15.A

16.B

17.D

18.I

19.C

20.F

【解析】11.題干：當年邁的父母不能安全地生活在家里時，他們的孩子可以改變他們的家，而不是送他們到成人護理機構。由題干的anadultcarefacility可以定位到G選項第二句Butiftheparentscannolongersafelyliveathome,itcanbehardforchildrentomovethemintoanadultcarefacility.“但如果父母不能再安全地住在家里，孩子們就很難把他們送到成人看護機構”，這里是題干的同義替換，所以答案選G。

12.題干：談論長期護理并不容易，因為有時年邁的父母會懷疑子女的經(jīng)濟動機。由題干定位到D選項第三句Elderlyparentsaresometimessuspiciousoftheirchildren’sfinancialmotives…“年邁的父母有時會懷疑孩子的經(jīng)濟動機……”從這里可知答案選D。

13.題干：除了提前計劃財務或醫(yī)療護理，家庭照顧者還承擔許多其他責任。由題干的financesormedicalcare“財務或醫(yī)療護理”定位到H選項倒數(shù)第一二句It’snotjustaboutadvanceplanningforfinancesormedicalcare.It’severything,”shesays.“這不僅僅是關于財政或醫(yī)療保健的預先計劃。這就是所有?！彼f。這句符合題干題意，所以答案選H。

14.題干：持久委托書和醫(yī)療代理書的區(qū)別在于后者允許某人就醫(yī)療治療作出決定。通過題干的attorney和ahealthcareproxy（醫(yī)療代理）定位到C選項的第二句話Thedirectiveincludesseveralparts,including:adurablepowerofattorney,whichgivessomeonelegalauthoritytomakefinancialdecisionsonanother’sbehalf;ahealthcareproxy,whichissimilartothepowerofattorney,exceptitallowssomeonetomakedecisionsregardingmedicaltreatment;andalivingwillthatoutlinesinstructionsforend-of-lifecare.（Forexample,parentscansayiftheywanttobekeptalivebyartificialmeasures.）“該指令包括幾個部分，包括：持久委托書，賦予某人代表另一人做出財務決定的法律權力；醫(yī)療代理，類似于委托書，但允許某人就醫(yī)療作出決定；還有一份生前遺囑，列出了臨終護理的指導。（例如，父母可以說他們是否想通過人工手段維持生命）”，這里說出了委托書和醫(yī)療代理的不同，所以答案選C選項。

15.題干：巴爾多奇并不想把母親送到養(yǎng)老院，但她很難照顧她。文章定位到A選項倒數(shù)第二句話Shehasafull-timejobandhasbackproblemsthatmakeitdifficultforhertolifthermother.“她有一份全職工作，而且背部有問題，這使得她很難抱起她的母親”從這里可以看出Baldocchi有自己的難處，工作，背傷都讓她心有余而力不足，所以A選項正確。

16.題干：2009年，美國有超過4200萬護理人員幫助成年人進行日?；顒印８鶕?jù)文章的數(shù)據(jù)42million和2009可以定位到B選項倒數(shù)第二句話Morethan42millionAmericansprovidefamilycaregivingforanadultwhoneedshelpwithdailyactivities,accordingtoa2009surveybytheAARP.“美國退休人員協(xié)會（AARP）2009年的一項調查顯示，超過4200萬美國人為日?；顒有枰獛椭某赡耆颂峁┘彝フ疹櫋保@句符合題干，所以選B選項。

17.題干：如果一個家庭需要信息或幫助解決分歧，他們可以找很多人。根據(jù)文章中的sortoutdisagreement“解決分歧”定位到D選項倒數(shù)第二句話Andwhentherearemanysiblings,thefamilydecisionscanbecomeathree-ringcircuswithmuchacrimony,saysAnn-MargaretCarrozza,anelder-lawattorneyinGlenCove,N.Y.Familieswhoneedinformationandhelpsortingoutdisagreementscancallonelder-lawattorneys,financialplanners,geriatriccaremanagersandcaregiversupportgroups.“美國退休人員協(xié)會（AARP）2009年的一項調查顯示，超過4200萬美國人為日?；顒有枰獛椭某赡耆颂峁┘彝フ疹櫋?，從這里可以看出當家庭成員有分歧時他們可以尋求律師，理財師等人的幫助，這個選項符合題意，所以答案選D。

18.題干：照顧者應該注意自己的健康，否則他們可能會精疲力盡或變得抑郁。定位到I選項第一句話Caregiversneedtoalsowatchtheirownhealth.“護理人員也需要關注自己的健康”，這里跟題干屬于同義替換，所以答案選I。

19.題干：如果沒有事先指示，孩子必須向法院申請成為孩子父母的合法監(jiān)護人。根據(jù)文章關鍵詞petition“請愿”和advancedirective“預先指示”，定位到C選項最后一句話Withoutanadvancedirective,thefamilywillhavetopetitionthecourttobeappointedtheparent’slegalguardian,saysAgingC.“AgingC網(wǎng)站表示，如果沒有事先的指示，這個家庭將不得不向法院申請指定父母的法定監(jiān)護人”，這里表達的意思和題干相同，所以答案選C。

20.題干：2011年，全國輔助生活費用的中位數(shù)為39135美元，這不在醫(yī)療保險的覆蓋范圍內。根據(jù)文章數(shù)據(jù)2011和$39,135可以定位到F選項倒數(shù)第一、二句Thenationalmediancostin2011was$39,135,accordingtoGenworth.Assistedlivingisn’tcoveredbyMedicaid.“根據(jù)Genworth的數(shù)據(jù)，2011年全國醫(yī)保成本中值為39135美元。醫(yī)療補助計劃不包括輔助生活”，這里和題干表達的意思相同，所以答案選F。

8.單選題

Howmightwestabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphere?Thatquestionloomslargeintheeyesofscientistsandpoliticalleadersasthelevelsofcarbondioxidegrow.Carbondioxideandmethanehavelonglivesintheatmosphereand,oncetheyarethere,Earthmaybedestinedtobecomewarmer.Ifwefindthattheclimateisbecomingtoowarm,thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern.

Wemaybeabletocontrolfossilfueluseandratesofdeforestation,butthereisnodirectwaytocontroltheaccelerationofdecayexceptbystoppingthewarming.Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.

Mostscientistsbelievethatifimmediateglobalactionisnottaken,therapidincreasesofatmosphericcarbonfromdecaywillexceedthereductionsmadepossiblethroughcontroloffossilfueluseandmanagementofforests.In1990,theUnitedNationsgatheredmanyscientistsfromaroundtheworldtoreviewtheseissues.Thisgroup,theIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,concludedthatanimmediate60percentreductioninfossilfuelusewouldbenecessary.ButbyApril1992,nonationhadacceptedthegoal,thoughseveralhadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent.

AttheEarthSummitinJune1992,leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions—thoughoppositionfromtheUnitedStatespreventedthemfromagreeingtospecifictargetsforemissions,asmanyscientistshadhoped.Theleadersalsoagreedtoassistdevelopingnationsinlimitingtheirreleasesofgreenhousegases.

Humanbeingsareonlyoneofmillionsoforganismssufficientlydifferentoneanothertoberecognizedasspecies.Untilthe1980s,scientistsestimatedthattherewerebetween3millionand10millionspeciesonEarth.Then,scientistsbegantoexaminepopulationsofinsectslivinginthehighfoliageoftreesintropicalforest,andtheexperiencecausedthemtoincreasetheirestimateto30millionspecies.Afterscientistsbegantoconsiderthepopulationsofmicroorganismsinthetropics,theupperlimitoftheirestimatesroseto10(Jmillionspecies.Weshallprobablyneverhaveanaccuratecountofthedifferentkindsoforganismsthatshareourplanet.

Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.Thisprocessiscommonlycalledbioticimpoverishment—thelossoftherichbiologicalofEarth.

1.Thereasonwhyitisnoteasytocorrectglobalwarmingisthat（

）.

2.Tostoptheglobalwarming,wehaveto

（

）.

3.Itisimpliedthat,atthe1992EarthSummit,

（

）.

4.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutspeciesonearth?

5.Thetextismainlyabout（

）.

問題1選項

A.mostscientistsandpoliticalleadershavenotawakenedtotheseverityoftheproblem

B.deforestationisrampantinmanypartsoftheworld

C.thereisnoeasywaytorestoretheatmospheretoitsnormalstateoncedamaged

D.theUnitedStatesisunwillingtocutdownonitscarbondioxideemissions

問題2選項

A.cutbothdeforestationanduseoffossilfuels

B.removecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere

C.findanewsourceofenergyotherthanfossilfuel

D.cutpresentreleasesto4billiontonsofcarbonayear

問題3選項

A.manyscientistshadhopedspecifictargetsforemissionsmightbereached

B.theU.S.showeditsunwillingnesstoreducethelevelofcarbondioxideemissions

C.severalcountrieshadrecognizedaneedforreducingemissionsby20percent

D.mostcountriespromisedtocuttheircarbondioxideemissionstoearlierlevels

問題4選項

A.Thereareabout100millionofthemonearth.

B.Aboutonethirdofthemarefoundintropicalforest.

C.Thehumanpopulationhaswellexceededthatofotherspecies.

D.Humanandotherspeciesarecloselylinkedforsurvival.

問題5選項

A.thesurvivalofdiversespeciesonearth

B.thepreventionofglobalwarming

C.thebioticimpoverishment

D.thecompositionoftheatmosphere

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第一段中的thereisnoeasyorrapidwaytoremovethegasesandreturntoanearlierclimatepattern（沒有一種簡單或快速的方法可以清除這些氣體并恢復到早期的氣候模式）可知選C。

2.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第二段中的Tostabilizethecompositionoftheatmosphereimmediately,wewouldhavetocutpresentreleaseabout4billiontonsofcarbonannually.Itisnotnowpossibletoaccomplishthiswithoutreducingbothdeforestationandourconsumptionoffossilfuels.（為了立即穩(wěn)定大氣的成分，我們必須每年減少約40億噸的碳排放?，F(xiàn)在要做到這一點，就必須同時減少森林砍伐和化石燃料的消耗）可知選A。

3.細節(jié)事實題。由文章第四段中的leadersfrommostindustrializednationsagreedinprincipletoreturntoearlierlevelsofcarbondioxideemissions（大多數(shù)工業(yè)化國家的領導人原則上同意恢復到早先的二氧化碳排放水平）可知D選項“大多數(shù)國家承諾將其二氧化碳排放量削減到早先的水平”符合題意。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的Wedoknow,however,thatthesespecies—plantsandanimalstogether—keeptheplanetfunctioningasahabitatsuitableforall.WealsoknowthathumanactivitiesarereducingboththenumbersofspeciesonEarthandthepotentialoflandandwaterforsupportingthem.（然而，我們知道，植物和動物這些物種一起使地球作為一個適合所有人的棲息地發(fā)揮作用。我們還知道，人類活動正在減少地球上物種的數(shù)量，以及可供它們使用的土地和水資源）可知D選項“人類和其他物種的生存息息相關”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章主要討論了全球變暖的問題以及需要采取的措施，因此B選項“防止全球變暖”符合題意。

9.單選題

Whendiscussingculturalperspectives,weneedtorecognizethattherearetwokinds:emicandetic.Emicperspectivesare（1）articulatedbymembersoftheculturetoexplainthemselvesandtheirculture,whileeticperspectivesarethoseofoutsiderstotheculturewhousetheirowncriteriatoexplain（2）culture.

Eticperspectivesincludethoseofvisitorstotheculture,thecriteriatheyusetodescribeandexplainwhattheyencounter,（3）categoriesforcross-culturaldescriptionandanalysisestablishedbyanthropologistsandotherculturalresearchers（4）manycultures.（5）thecontinuum,eticperspectivesconsistofsimpleexplanationsfromone'sownculturalbackground.Thisisacommonreactiontoculturalphenomena—explainingthem（6）perceivedsimilaritiesordifferencestoone'sownculture,better（7）ethnocentrism.Attheotherendofthespectrum,eticperspectivesconsistofcategoriesthatcanbeusedtodescribe（8）cultures.Someofthesecategoriesaredrawnfromnotionsofculturaluniversalsand（9）thetableofcontentsofintroductoryculturalanthropologytextbooks.Theyreflectculturalpracticesandproducts:institutionslikefamily,kinship,economy,leisure,music,orgovernment.Othereticclassificationscomefromtheoriesofculturalperspectives:valueorientationssuchasindividualism/collectivism,low-context/high-context,polychromic/monochromic,and（10）.Eticperspectives,（11）,provideframeworkstodescribe,analyze,andexplainaculturefromthe（12）.Eacheticcategorycarriesassumptionsaboutthenatureofculture,anditisimportantto（13）theseassumptions.

Emicexplanationsareperspectivesthatmembersofthecultureusetodescribeorexplaintheirownwayoflife.Theseperspectivesdonotnecessarilycorrespondtoeticcategories,（14）thatthemembersusefortheirexplanations.（15）,membersmayeasilyexpressthereasonsforculturalproductsandpractice.Or,giventhatmanyfundamentalculturalperspectivesareoutsideawareness,likethesubmergedbulkoftheculturaliceberg,membersmayhavedifficultyfindingwordstofullyexplainthem;（16）IhadnoexplanationonAmericantoilettrainingpractices.

Itisadauntingtasktoidentifytheperspectivesofaculture.Fortunatelyforlanguageteachers,anthropologists,interculturalists,andothershavedevisedframeworksforexplainingcultures.Theseframeworks,becausetheyapplytoallcultures,areexamplesofthe（17）perspectives.

Anumberofmodelsofeticperspectivesare（18）inthefield.（19）,thesemodelspresumethatthereisafinitesetofrealitiesthatallculturesmustaddress.Theserealitiesarepartofthehumancondition.Differentculturesperceivetheserealitiesindistinctways.Thesedistinctperceptions,（20）,leadtodifferentbeliefs,values,