心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文對(duì)照

心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文比較心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文比較6/6心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文比較心理學(xué)專業(yè)名詞中英文比較感覺記憶（SM）—sensorymemory短期記憶（STM）—short-termM.長遠(yuǎn)記憶（LTM）—long-termmemory復(fù)誦rehearsal預(yù)示(激發(fā))priming童年失憶癥childhoodamnesia視覺編碼（表征）visualcode(representation)聽覺編碼—acousticcode運(yùn)作記憶workingmemory語意性知識(shí)—semanticknowledge記憶掃瞄程序—memoryscanningprocedure竭盡式掃瞄程序-exhaustiveS.P.自我停止式掃瞄—self-terminatedS..程序性知識(shí)—proceduralknowledge命題（陳述）性知識(shí)--propositional（declarative）knowledge情節(jié)（逸事）性知識(shí)—episodicK.訊息辦理深度—depthofprocessing精致化辦理—elaboration登錄特別性—codingspecificity記憶術(shù)—mnemonic地址記憶法—methodofloci字鉤法—pegword（線）研究（測）(激發(fā))字—prime要點(diǎn)詞keyword命題思慮propositionalthought心像思慮imaginalthought行動(dòng)思慮motoricthought看法concept原型prototype屬性property特色feature模范策略--exemplarstrategy語言相對(duì)性（假說）—linguisticrelativityth.音素phoneme詞素morpheme(字詞的)外延與內(nèi)涵意義—denotative&connotativemeaning（句子的）表層與深層結(jié)構(gòu)—surface&deepstructure語意解析法semanticdifferential全句語言—holophrasticspeech過分延伸over-extension電報(bào)式語言—telegraphicspeech要點(diǎn)期criticalperiod差異減縮法differencereduction方法目的解析means-endsanalysis倒推workingbackward動(dòng)機(jī)motive自由意志freewill決定論determinism本能instinct種屬特有行為speciesspecific驅(qū)力drive誘因incentive驅(qū)力減低說drivereductionth.恒定狀態(tài)（作用）—homeostasis原級(jí)與次級(jí)動(dòng)機(jī)—primary&secondaryM.功能獨(dú)立—functionalautonomy下視丘側(cè)部（LH）—lateralhypothalamus脂肪細(xì)胞說fat-celltheory.下視丘腹中部（VMH）—ventromedialH定點(diǎn)論setpointth.CCK───膽囊調(diào)治激素第一性征primarysexcharacteristic第二性征secondarysexcharacteristic自我效能希望—self-efficiencyexpectancy內(nèi)在（發(fā)）動(dòng)機(jī)—intrinsicmotive外在（衍）動(dòng)機(jī)—extrinsicmotive成就需求N.achievement需求層級(jí)—hierarchyofneeds自我實(shí)現(xiàn)selfactualization矛盾conflict多項(xiàng)儀polygraph膚電反應(yīng)GSR(認(rèn)知)評(píng)估(cognitiveappraisal)臉部回饋假說facialfeedbackhypothesis(生理)激發(fā)arousal挫折-攻擊假說frustration-aggressionhy.取代學(xué)習(xí)vicariouslearning發(fā)展development天生nature后天nurture成熟maturation(視覺)偏好法preferentialmethod習(xí)慣法habituation視覺絕壁visualcliff剝奪或豐富(環(huán)境)deprivationorenrichmentofenv.基模schema同化assimilation調(diào)適accommodation平衡equilibrium感覺動(dòng)作期sensorimotorstage物體永久性objectivepermanence運(yùn)思先期preoperationalst.保留看法conservation道德現(xiàn)實(shí)主義moralrealism詳盡運(yùn)思期concreteoperational形式運(yùn)思期formaloperationalst.前俗例道德pre-conventionalmoral俗例道德conventionalmoral超俗例道德post-conventionalmoral氣質(zhì)temperament依靠attachment性別認(rèn)定genderidentity性別配合sextyping性蕾期phallicstage戀親矛盾—Oedipalconflict認(rèn)同identification社會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)sociallearning情結(jié)complex性別恒定genderconstancy青年期adolescence青春期puberty第二性征secondarysexcharacteristics認(rèn)同危機(jī)identitycrisis定向統(tǒng)合identityachievement早閉型統(tǒng)合foreclosure不決型統(tǒng)合moratorium迷失型統(tǒng)合identitydiffusion傳承g(shù)enerativity心理動(dòng)力psycho-dynamics心理解析psychoanalysis行為論behaviorism心理生物觀psycho-biologicalperspective認(rèn)知cognition臨床心理學(xué)家-clinicalpsychologist諮商counseling人因工程humanfactorengineering組織organization潛意識(shí)unconsciousness完形心理學(xué)Gestaltpsychology感覺sensation知覺perception實(shí)驗(yàn)法experimentalmethod獨(dú)變項(xiàng)independentvariable依變項(xiàng)dependentV.控制變項(xiàng)controlV.生理physiology條件化conditioning學(xué)習(xí)learning比較心理學(xué)comparativepsy.發(fā)展development社會(huì)心理學(xué)socialpsy.人格personality心理計(jì)量學(xué)—psychometrics受試(者)subject實(shí)驗(yàn)者預(yù)期效應(yīng)—experimenterexpectancyeffect雙盲法double—blind實(shí)地實(shí)驗(yàn)fieldexperiment相關(guān)correlation檢查survey訪談interview個(gè)案研究casestudy觀察observation心理測試psychologicaltest紋理遞變度texturegradient注意attention物體的組群groupingofobject型態(tài)鑒別—patternrecognition形象-背景figure-ground湊近律proximity相似律similarity閉合律closure連續(xù)律continuity對(duì)稱律symmetry錯(cuò)覺illusion幻覺delusion恒常性constancy大小size形狀shape地址location單眼線索monocularcue線性透視linear-perspective雙眼線索binocularcue深度depth調(diào)治作用accommodation重迭superposition雙眼交融binocularfusion輻輳作用convergence雙眼像差binoculardisparity向度dimension自動(dòng)效應(yīng)autokineticeffect運(yùn)動(dòng)視差motionparallax引起運(yùn)動(dòng)inducedmotion閃光運(yùn)動(dòng)stroboscopicmotion上下文﹑脈絡(luò)-context人工智能artificialintelligenceA.I.脈絡(luò)關(guān)系作用-contexteffect模板般配templatematching整合解析法analysis-by-synthesis豐富性redundancy選擇性selective沒心識(shí)的推論-unconsciousinferences運(yùn)動(dòng)后效motionaftereffect特色偵測器—featuredetector激發(fā)性excitatory控制性inhibitory幾何子geons由上而下辦理—up-downprocess由下而上辦理bottom-upprocess連結(jié)者模式connectionistmodel聯(lián)系失識(shí)癥associativeagnosia臉龐鑒別困難癥prosopagnosia意識(shí)--conscious（ness）意識(shí)改變狀態(tài)alteredstatesofconsciousness沒心識(shí)unconsciousness前意識(shí)preconsciousness自察法introspection邊緣注意peripheralattention多重人格multiplepersonality午餐排隊(duì)(雞尾酒會(huì))效應(yīng)—lunchline(cocktailparty)effect自動(dòng)化歷程automaticprocess解離dissociate解離認(rèn)同失態(tài)dissociativeidentitydisorder快速眼動(dòng)睡眠REMdream非快速眼動(dòng)睡眠—NREMdream神志清醒的夢luciddreaming失眠insomnia顯性與隱性夢manifest&laterncontent心理活動(dòng)性psychoactive冥想meditation抗藥性tolerance戒斷withdrawal感覺剝奪sensorydeprivation物質(zhì)濫用substanceabuse成癮physicaladdiction物質(zhì)依靠sub.dependence戒斷癥狀withdrawalsymptom愉悅劑--stimulant幻覺（迷幻）劑hallucinogen鎮(zhèn)定劑sedative﹐控制劑--depressant酒精中毒引起譫妄—deliriumtremens麻醉劑narcotic催眠h(yuǎn)ypnosis催眠后表示posthypnoticsuggestion催眠后失憶posthypnoticamnesia超心理學(xué)parapsychology超感知覺extrasensoryperceptionESP心電感覺telepathy超感視clairvoyance預(yù)知precognition心理動(dòng)力—psycokinesisPK受納器receptor絕對(duì)閾absolutethreshold差異閾differencethreshold恰辨差JND韋伯律Weber'slaw心理物理psychophysical費(fèi)雪納定律Fechner'slaw頻率frequency振幅amplitude音頻pitch基音fundamentaltone倍音overtone友善音harmonic音色timbre白色噪音whitenoise鼓膜eardrum耳蝸cochlea卵形窗—ovalwindow圓形窗roundwindow前庭vestibularsacs半規(guī)管semicircularcanals角膜cornea水晶體lens虹膜iris瞳孔pupil網(wǎng)膜retina睫狀肌ciliarymuscle調(diào)治作用accommodation脊髓spinalcord反射弧reflexarc腦干brainstem計(jì)算機(jī)軸性線斷層掃描--CAT或CTPET正子放射斷層攝影MRI磁共振顯影延腦medulla橋腦pons小腦cerebellum網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)reticularformationRAS網(wǎng)狀活化系統(tǒng)視丘thalamus下視丘hypothalamus大腦cerebrum腦（下）垂體（腺）—pituitarygland腦半球cerebralhemisphere皮質(zhì)cortex胼胝體corpuscallosum邊緣系統(tǒng)limbicsystem海馬體hippocampus杏仁核amygdala中央溝centralfissure側(cè)溝lateralfissure腦葉lobe同卵雙生子identicaltwins異卵雙生子—fraternaltwins古典限制--classicalconditioning操作限制operantconditioning非限制刺激—(USunconditionedstimulus非限制反應(yīng)—(UR)unconditionedR.限制刺激(CS)conditionedS.限制反應(yīng)(CR)conditionedR.習(xí)(獲)得acquisition增強(qiáng)作用reinforcement除掉(弱)extinction自(發(fā)性)然恢復(fù)spontaneousrecovery前行限制—forwardconditioning同時(shí)限制--simultaneousconditioning回溯限制backwardcond.印跡限制——traceconditioning延宕限制—delayconditioning類化(梯度)generalization(gradient)區(qū)辨discrimination(次級(jí))增強(qiáng)物(secondary)reinforcer嫌惡刺激aversivestimulus試誤學(xué)習(xí)trialanderrorlearning收效率lawofeffect正(負(fù))性增強(qiáng)物—positive(negative)rei.行為塑造—behaviorshaping次序漸進(jìn)successiveapproximation自行塑造—autoshaping部分(連續(xù))增強(qiáng)—partial(continuous)R定比(時(shí))時(shí)制—fixedratio(interval)scheduleFR或FI變化比率(時(shí)距)時(shí)制—variableratio(interval)scheduleVR或VI逃離反應(yīng)escapeR.回避反應(yīng)—avoidanceresponse習(xí)得無助learnedhelplessness頓悟insight學(xué)習(xí)心向—learningset隱內(nèi)(潛藏)學(xué)習(xí)latentlearning認(rèn)知地圖cognitivemap生理回饋biofeedback敏感遞減法-systematicdesensitization普里邁克原則—Premack'sprinciple洪水法floodin