全國職稱英語考試理工類押題試卷

2013年全國職稱英語考試理工類押題試卷(1)第1部分：詞匯選項(第1～15題，每題1分，共15分)下面每個句子中均有1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最為接近的選項。1.Youlooksmartinthenewsuit.A.cleverB.handsomeC.loyalD.brave2.Hedoesn’thavethefundstocarryouthisdesign.A.makeB.keepC.changeD.implement3.Iwasastonishedatthenewsofhisescape.A.amusedB.amountedC.amazedD.approached4.It’salmost5o’clock;timetoquit.A.increaseB.stopC.continueD.keep5.DoyoufollowwhatIamsaying?A.changeB.investigateC.writeD.understand6.Theboysbrokeintoexcitedcheering.A.burstB.blastedC.burnedD.blazed7.Chinadoesalotoftradewithmanycountries.A.agreatdealofB.agreatmanyofC.alargenumberofD.agreatlevelof8.Anoldfriendcalledonmethedaybeforeyesterday.A.telephonedB.rangC.visitedD.saw9.WearegoingtohavetheTVfixed.A.preparedB.mendedC.cleanedD.arranged10.Iamheartilygratefultoyourhelp.A.helpfulB.hatefulC.delightfulD.thankful11.Sheeventuallymarriedthemostpersistentoneofheradmirers.A.inawayB.induecourseC.intheendD.inanycase12.Fiveminutesleft,theoutcomeofthematchwasstillindoubt.A.resultB.judgmentC.decisionD.event13.Thereporterwasaccusedofunprofessionalconduct.A.movementB.wordsC.principleD.behavior14.Hemadeaconsiderablesumofmoneyinrealestate.A.largeB.positiveC.powerfulD.realistic15.Acrowdgatheredtoseewhathadhappened.A.collectedB.fixedC.dividedD.assist第2部分：閱讀判斷(第16～22題，每題1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。EasyLearningStudentsshouldbejealous.Notonlydobabiesgettodozetheirdaysaway,butthey’vealsomasteredthefineartoflearningintheirsleep.Bythetimebabiesareayearoldtheycanrecognisealotofsoundsandevensimplewords.MarieCheourattheUniversityofTurkuinFinlandsuspectedthattheymightprogressthisfastbecausetheylearnlanguagewhiletheysleepaswellaswhentheyareawake.Totestthetheory,Cheourandhercolleaguesstudied45newbornbabiesinthefirstfewdaysoftheirlives.TheyexposedalltheinfantstoanhourofFinnishvowelsounds—onethatsoundslike“oo”,anotherlike“ee”andathirdboundaryvowelpeculiartoFinnishandsimilarlanguagesthatsoundslikesomethinginbetween.EEGrecordingsoftheinfantsbrainsbeforeandafterthesessionshowedthatthenewbornscouldnotdistinguishthesounds.Fifteenofthebabiesthenwentbackwiththeirmothers,whiletherestweresplitintotwosleep-studygroups.Onegroupwasexposedthroughouttheirnight-timesleepinghourstothesamethreevowels,whiletheotherslistenedtoother,easier-to-distinguishvowelsounds.Whentestedinthemorning,andagainintheevening,thebabieswho’dheardthetrickyboundaryvowelallnightshowedbrainwaveactivityindicatingthattheycouldnowrecognisethisnewsound.Theycouldidentifythesoundevenwhenitspitchwaschanged,whilenoneoftheotherbabiescouldpickuptheboundaryvowelatall.Cheourdoesn’tknowhowbabiesaccomplishthisnight-timelearning,butshesuspectsthatthespecialabilitymightindicatethatunlikeadults,babiesdon’t“turnoff”theircerebralcortexwhiletheysleep.Theskillprobablyfadesinthecourseofthefirstyearoflife,sheadds—soforgettheideathatyoucanpickuptrickyFrenchvowelsasanadultjustbyslippingalanguagetapeunderyourpillow.Butwhileitmaynothelpgrown-ups,Cheourishopingtousethesleepinghourstogiveremedialhelptobabieswhoaregeneticallyatriskoflanguagedisorders.16.Babiescanlearnlanguageevenintheirsleep.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Aninfantcanrecognizealotofvowelsbythetimeheorsheisayearold.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Finnishvowelsareeasytodistinguish.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.ThethreevowelsmentionedinthisarticleareallFinnishsounds.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Thestudyshowsthattheinfant’scerebralcortexisworkingwhileheisasleep.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.Ifanadultwantstolearnalanguagefaster.hecanputalanguagetapeunderhispillow.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Cheour’sfindingisworthless.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23～30題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：(1)第23～26題要求從所給的6個選項中為第2～6段其中四段選擇1個最佳標題；(2)第27～30題要求從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定1個最佳選項。ScreenTestEveryyearmillionsofwomenarescreenedwithX-raystopickupsignsofbreastcancer.Ifthishappensearlyecough,thediseasecanoftenbetreatedsuccessfully.Accordingtoasurveypublishedlastyear,21countrieshavescreeningprogrammes.Nineofthem,includingAustralia,Canada,theUSandSpain,screenwomenunder50.Butthemedicalbenefitofscreeningtheseyoungerwomenarecontroversial,partlybecausetheradiationbringsasmallriskofinducingcancer.Also,youngerwomenmustbegivenhigherdosesofX-raysbecausetheirbreasttissueisdenser.ResearchersatthePolytechnicUniversityofValenciaanalysedtheeffectofscreeningmorethan160,000womenat11localclinics.Afterestimatingthewomen’scumulativedoseofradiation,theyusedtwomodelstocalculatethenumberofextracancersthiswouldcause.ThemathematicalmodelrecommendedbyBritain’sNationalRadiologicalProtectionBoard(NRPB)predictedthatthescreeningprogrammewouldcause36cancersper100,000women,18ofthemfatal.ThemodelpreferredbytheUNScientificCommitteeontheEffectsofAtomicRadiationled,toalowerfigureof20cancers.Theresearchersarguethatthelevelofradiation-inducedcancersis“notverysignificant”comparedtothefarlargernumberofcancersthatarediscoveredandtreated.TheValenciaprogramme,theysay,detectsbetween300and450casesofbreastcancerinevery100,000womenscreened.Buttheypointoutthattheriskofwomencontractingcancerfromradiationcouldbereducedbybetween40and80percentifscreeningbeganat50insteadof45,becausetheywouldbeexposedtolessradiation.Theresultsoftheirstudy,theysuggest,couldhelp“optimisethetechnique”forbreastcancerscreening.“Thereisatrade-offbetweenthediagnosticbenefitsofbreastscreeninganditsrisks.”admitsMichaelClarkoftheNRPB.Buthewarnsthatthestudyshouldbeinterpretedwithcaution.“Onthebasisofthecurrentdata,forevery10cancerssuccessfullydetectedandpreventedthereisariskofcausingonelaterinlife.That’swhyradiationexposureshouldbeminimisedinanyscreeningprogramme.”23.Paragraph2_____24.Paragraph3_____25.Paragraph4_____26.Paragraph5_____A.HarmScreeningMayDotoaYoungerWomanB.InvestigatingtheEffectofScreeningC.EffectsPredictedbyTwoDifferentModelsD.SmallRiskofInducingCancersfromRadiationE.TreatmentofCancersF.FactorsThatTriggerCancers27.Earlydiscoveryofbreastcancermay_____.28.Advantagesofscreeningwomenunder50are_____.29.Delayingtheageatwhichscreeningstartsmay_____.30.Radiationexposureshouldbe_____.A.becostlyB.harmfulC.savealifeD.stillopentodebateE.reducetheriskofradiationtriggeringacancerF.reducedtotheminimum第4部分：閱讀理解(第31～45題，每題3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選項。第一篇PoweringaCity?It’saBreeze.ThegracefulwoodenwindmillsthathavebrokenuptheflatDutchlandscapeforcenturies—anationalsymbollikewoodenshoesandtulips—yieldedlongagotoungainlymetal-poleturbines.Now,windmillsarebreakingintoanewfrontier.Thoughstillinitsteethingstages,the“urbanturbine”isahigh-techwindmilldesignedtogenerateenergyfromtherooftopsofbusycities.Lighter,quieter,andoftenmoreefficientthanruralcounterparts,theytakeadvantageoftheextremeturbulenceandrapidshiftsindirectionthatcharacterizeurbanwindpatterns.PrototypeshavebeensuccessfullytestedinseveralDutchcities,andthecitygovernmentintheHaguehasrecentlyagreedtobeginalarge-scaledeploymentin2003.CurrentmodelscostUS$8,000toUS$12,000andcangeneratebetween3,000and7,000kilowatthoursofelectricityperyear.AtypicalDutchhouseholduses3,500kilowatthoursperyear,whileintheUnitedStates,thisfigurejumpstoaround10,000kilowatthours.Butsofar,theyarebeingdesignedmoreforpublicorcommercialbuildingsthanforprivatehomes.Thesmallestofthecurrentmodelsweighroughly200kilogramsandcanbeinstalledonaroofinafewhourswithoutusingacrane.Germany,FinlandandDenmarkhavealsobeenexperimentingwiththetechnology,buttheever-practicalDutcharenaturalpioneersinurbanwindpowermainlybecauseofthelackofspace.TheNetherlands,with16millionpeoplecrowdedintoacountrytwicethesizeofSlovenia,isthemostdenselypopulatedinEurope.Problemsremain,however,forexample,publicsafetyconcerns,andsostrictstandardsshouldbeappliedtoanypotentialmanufacturer.Vibrationsarethemainprobleminskyscraper-highturbine.Peopledon’tknowwhatitwouldbeliketoworkthere,inanofficenexttooneofthebigturbines.Itmightbetoohectic.Meanwhile,projectsareunderwaytouseminimillstogeneratepowerforlifeboats,streetlights,andportablegenerators.“Ithinkthethingaboutwindpoweristhatyoucanuseitinawholerangeofsituations,”saidCorinMillais,oftheEuropeanWindEnergyAssociation.“It’saverylocaltechnology,andyoucanuseitrightinyourbackyard,Idon’tthinkanybodywantsanuclearpowerplantintheirbackyard.”31.WhatarethesymbolsoftheNetherlandsaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Theflatlandscape.B.Woodenshoesandwoodenwindmills.C.Metal-poleturbines.D.BothAandB.32.Whichstatementbestdescribestheurbanturbinementionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Itisawindmillputonrooftopsofbuildingsforenergygeneration.B.Itisahigh-techmachinedesignedtogenerateenergyforurbanpeople.C.Itislightandquietandthereforemoreefficient.D.Itisdrivenbyurbanwind.33.ThesmallestmodelsofanurbanturbineA.isdesignedforprivatehomes.B.weighs2,000kilograms.C.canbecarrieduptotherooftopwithoutacrane.D.canheinstalledwithacrane.34.NetherlandsleadsintheurbanturbinetechnologybecauseA.theDutcharenaturalpioneers.B.theDutchhaveatraditionwithwindmills.C.theNetherlandsiswindierthanGermany,FinlandandSlovenia.D.theNetherlandsisasmallcountrywithalargepopulation.35.Accordingtothelastparagraph,whataretheadvantagesofwindpowertechnology?A.Itcanbeusedfordifferentpurposes.B.Itcanreplacenuclearpowerplant.C.Itcanbeinstalledinone’sbackyard.D.BothAandC.第二篇ExploreroftheExtremeDeepOceanscovermorethantwo-thirdsofourplanet.Yet,justasmallfractionoftheunderwaterworldhasbeenunexplored.Now,ScientistsattheWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution(WHOI)inMassachusettsarebuildinganunderwatervehiclethatwillcarryexplorersasdeepas6,500meters(21,320feet).Thenewmachine,knownasamannedsubmersible(能潛水的)orhuman-operatedvehicle(HOV),willreplaceanotheronenamedAlvinwhichbasanamazingrecordofdiscovery,playingakeyroleinvariousimportantandfamousunderseaexpeditions.Alvinhasbeenoperatingfor40yearsbutcangodownonly4,500meters(14,784feet).It’sabouttimeforanupgrade,WHOIresearcherssay.Alvinwaslaunched(發(fā)動)in1964.Sincethen,Alvinhasworkedbetween200and250daysayear,saysDanielFornari,amarinegeologist(地質(zhì)學者)anddirectoroftheDeepOceanExplorationInstituteatWHOI.Duringitslifetime，Alvinhascarriedsome12,000peopleonatotalofmorethan3,000dives.Anewer,betterversionsofAlvinisboundtorevealevenmoresurprisesaboutaworldthatisstillfullofmysteries,Fornarisays.Itmightalsomakethejobofexplorationalittleeasier.“Wetakesomuchforgrantedonland,”Fornarisays.“Wecanwalkaroundandseewithoureyeshowbigthingsare.Wecanseecolors，specialarrangements.”Size-wise,thenewHOVwillbesimilartoAlvin.It’llbeabout37feetlong.Thesettingareainsidewillbeasmallsphere，about8feetwide，likeAlvin，it’llcarryapilotandtwopassengers.Itwillbejustasmaneuverable(機動的).Inmostotherways,itwillgivepassengersmoreopportunitiestoenjoytheview,foronething.Alvinhasonlythreewindows,thenewvehiclewillhavefive,withmoreoverlapsothatthepassengersandthepilotcanseethesamething.Alvincangoupanddownatarateof30meterseverysecond,anditsmaximumspeedis2knots(about2.3milesperhour),whilethenewvehiclewillbeabletoascendanddescendat44meterspersecond.It’llreachspeedsof3knots,or3.5milesperhour.36.WhatisAlvin?A.Aresearchinstitute.B.Atransportingvehicle.C.Asubmersible.D.Ascientist.37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTafactaboutAlvin?A.Itcancarryexplorersasdeepas6,500meters.B.Ithasplayedakeyroleinvariousimportantunderseaexpeditions.C.Itwaslaunchedinthesixtiesofthetwentiethcentury.D.Ithasbeenusedformorethan40years.38.“...aworldthatisstillfullofmysteries”referstoA.theearth.B.outspace.C.theocean.D.Mars.39.InwhataspectsarethenewHOVandAlvinsimilar?A.Size.B.Speed.C.Capacity.D.Shape.40.InwhataspectsarethenewHOVandAlvindifferent?A.Offeringbetterviews.B.Speed.C.Size.D.BothAandB.第三篇WingedRobotLearnstoFlyLearninghowtoflytooknaturemillionsofyearsoftrialanderror—butawingedrobothascrackeditinonlyafewhours,usingthesameevolutionaryprinciples.KristerWolffandPeterNordinofChalmersUniversityofTechnology(CUT)inGothenburg,Sweden,builtawingedrobotandsetabouttestingwhetheritcouldlearntoflybyitself,withoutanypre-programmeddataonwhatflappingisorhowtodoit.Tobeginwith,therobotjusttwitchedandjerkederratically.But,gradually,itmademovementsthatgainedheight.Atfirst,itcheated—simplystandingonitswingtipswasoneearlyshortcut.Afterthreehours,however,therobotabandonedsuchmethodsinfavorofamoreeffectiveflappingtechniquewhereitrotateditswingsthrough90degreesandraisedthembeforetwistingthembacktothehorizontalandpushingdown.“Thistellsusthatthiskindofevolutioniscapableofcomingupwithflyingmotion,”saysPeterBentley,whoworksonevolutionarycomputingatUniversityCollegeLondon.Butwhiletherobothadworkedouthowbesttoproducelift,itwasnotabouttotakeoff.“There’sonlysomuchthatevolutioncando,”Bentleysays.“Thisthingisnevergoingtoflybecausethemotorswillneverhavethestrengthtodoit,”hesays.Therobothadmetre-longwingsmadefrombalsawoodandcoveredwithalightplasticfilm.Smallmotorsontherobotletitmoveitswingsforwardsorbackwards.upordownortwistthemineitherdirection.Theteamattachedtherobottotwoverticalrods,soitcouldslideupanddown.Atthestartofatest,therobotwassuspendedbyanelasticband.Amovementdetectormeasuredhowmuchlift,ifany,therobotproducedforanygivenmovement.Acomputerprogramfedtherobotrandominstructions,attherateof20persecond,totestitsflappingabilities.Eachinstructiontoldtheroboteithertodonothingortomovethewingsslightlyinthevariousdirections.Feedbackfromthemovementdetectorlettheprogramworkoutwhichsetsofinstructionswerebestatproducinglift.Themostsuccessfuloneswerepairedupand“offspring”setsofinstructionsweregeneratedbyswappinginstructionsrandomlybetweensuccessfulpairs.Thesenext-generationinstructionswerethensenttotherobotandevaluatedbeforebreedinganewgeneration,andtheprocesswasrepeated.41.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofwhatismentionedaboutthewingedrobotinthesecondparagraph?A.ThetwoprofessorsofCUTbuiltthewingedrobotB.ThetwoprofessorsofCUTtestedwhetherthewingedrobotcouldlearntofly.C.ThetwoprofessorsofCUTprogrammedthedataonhowtherobotflappeditswings.D.ThetwoprofessorsofCUTtriedtofindoutiftherobotcouldflybyitself.42.Howdidtherobotbehaveatthebeginningofthetest?A.Itrotateditswingsthrough90degrees.B.Ittwitchedbutgraduallygainedheight.C.Itwastwitchedandbrokedown.D.Itlandednotlongafterthetest.43.WhichofthefollowingisnearesttoPeterBentley’sviewonthewingedrobot?A.Thewingedrobotcouldneverreallyfly.B.Thewingedrobotdidnothaveamotor.C.Thewingedrobotshouldgothroughfurtherevolutionbeforeitcouldfly.D.Therobotcouldflyifitwerelighter.44.Whatmeasuredhowmuchlifttherobotproduced?A.Twoverticalrods.B.Amovementdetector.C.Anelasticband.D.BothBandC.45.Whatdoes“theprocess”appearinginthelastparagraphreferto?A.Pairingupsuccessfulinstructions.B.Sendinginstructionstotherobot.C.Generatingnewsetsofinstructionsforevaluation.D.Alltheabove.第5部分：補全短文(第46～50題，每題2分，共10分)下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章原貌。TheMagicofSoundMusicisoneofthemostbeautifulformsofartisticexpressionseverinvented.Inmoviesandplays,musichasanaddedfunction:itnotonlymovespeoplebutalsocanshockpeople.Isittruethatanordinarymusicalinstrumentcanbesopowerful?Oureardrumscanwithstandsoundwithin20to80decibels.Oncesoundexceedsthislimit,evenbeautifulmusicwillbecomecar-splittingnoiseandharmhealth.Astrongblastofhighsoundcantwistandbreakasolidironsheet.46Thenoisefromaplane’sengineisover140decibels.However,thesoundofafluteisatmostafewdecibels.47Ithasbeenproventhatpeoplewhohaveworkedinanenvironmentwithahighsoundintensityforalongtimesuffervaryingdegreesofheartdiseaseoralteredbrainwaves.Inmovies,sometimestheherocanproduceasoundthatordinarypeoplecan’thearandonlythosewhohavethesameabilitycanfeel.Innature,thereisactuallysoundthatisbeyondourhearing.Inphysics,thesoundthatexceeds20,000Hziscalledultrasonic.48Itdoesnoharmtohealth.Soundlessthan20Hziscalledinfrasonicwaves.Whenwemove,theairwillvibrate.49Asthefrequencyofinfrasonicwavesisclosetothatofpeople’sinternalorgans,infrasonicwavemaycauseresonanceinhumanbodies.Asaresult,people’svisionmayweakenandinternalorgansmayrupture.However,whetheraninfrasonicwavecanbeusedasaweapondependsonitsintensity.Ifitsintensityisverylow,itwon’tdamageinternalorgansoraperson’shealth.50Whenwindblowsataforceof3or4overthesea,itwillproduceinfrasonicwavesofseveraldecibels.Onlytyphoonscanproduceinfrasonicwavesofover100decibels.Atpresent,scientistscanonlyproduceinfrasonicweaponsinthelabwiththehelpofadvancedscientifictoolsandpowerfulelectricpower.A.Highsoundof150decibelscankillahealthyrat.B.Thevibrationofaircanproduceinfrasonicwaves.C.Wecannotplayhigh-pitchedmusicwithordinarymusicalinstruments.D.Iftheintensityofinfrasonicwaveexceeds160decibels,itisextremelyharmful.E.Dolphins,whalesandbatscanmakesuchhigh-frequencysound.F.Therefore,thesoundofordinarymusicalinstrumentscannotharmyourhealth.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65題，每題1分，共15分)下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。CarThievesCouldBeStoppedRemotely(遙遠地)Speedingoff(超速行駛)inastolencar,thethiefthinkshehasgotagreatcatch.Butheisinanastysurprise.Thecarisfittedwitharemoteimmobilizer(使車輛不能調(diào)動的裝置),andaradiosignalfromacontrolcentermilesawaywillensurethatoncethethiefswitchestheengine____(51),hewillnotbeabletostartitagain.Fornow,suchdevices_____(52)onlyavailableforfleetsoftrucks4andspecialistvehiclesusedonconstructionsites.Butremoteimmobilization(使車輛不能調(diào)動)technologycouldsoonstarttotrickle(慢慢地移動)downtoordinarycars,and______(53)beavailabletoordinarycarsintheUK____(54)twomonths.Theideagoeslikethis.Acontrolboxfittedtothecarincorporates____(55)miniaturecellphone(移動電話，手機),amicroprocessorandmemory,andaGPSsatellitepositioningreceiver.____(56)thecarisstolen,acodedcellphonesignalwilltelltheunittoblocktheveh