NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件

NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Non-FiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞又稱非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞NonFin1Non-FiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞又稱非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Non-FiniteVerbs2?Questions?為什么稱為非限定動(dòng)詞？不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制為什么稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)有幾種形式？不定式（infinitive）動(dòng)名詞（gerund）現(xiàn)在分詞（presentparticiple）分詞（participle）過(guò)去分詞（pastparticiple）?Questions?為什么稱為非限定動(dòng)詞？3?Questions?可作什么句法成分？主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式+++++動(dòng)名詞++++-分詞--+++?Questions?可作什么句法成分？主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)4Exercise&ExplanationGap-Filling:__________(try)toforgetone’spastisimpossible．(Trying/Totry)動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可充當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)。在多數(shù)情況下，選擇動(dòng)名詞還是不定式作主語(yǔ)對(duì)句意影響不大。抽象，有普遍意義的或概念化的動(dòng)作常用動(dòng)名詞。有些動(dòng)名詞已幾乎成為了表示動(dòng)作的名詞，如：reading，writing，swimming，smoking，jogging，learning，cooking。TrueorFalse:A.Itisimpossibletotrytoforgetone’spast．B.Itisimpossibletryingtoforgetone’spast．(A.TrueB.False)句型：Itis(im-)possibletodosth.Exercise&ExplanationGap-Fill5OForFORA.It’sdifficult____ustogettogether.B.It’sthoughtful____yourmothertogetthefoodreadyA.forB.of句型：Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.這類形容詞有：easy,difficult,hard,impossible,possible,necessary,important,essential,easy,useless,convenient句型：Itis+adj.+ofsb.todosth.表示一個(gè)人的特性．而不是動(dòng)作本身的性質(zhì)，用of引導(dǎo)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這類形容詞包括：good,kind,clever,foolish,stupid,silly,careless,nice,polite,right,bad,wrong,cruel,generous,unselfish,thoughtful,considerate,wise等。E.g.It’sverykindofyoutocometoseeme.=Youareverykindtocometoseeme.It’scleverofthispolicemantopretendtobeadriver．OForFOR6Exercise&ExplanationSentenceCompletionA.Itisnouse____(ask)meforhelp.B.Itisofnouse____(cry)overspiltmilk.A.askingB.tocry句型：Itisnouse+doing(sth.)It’snouse(good)…后接動(dòng)名詞，表示“…是沒(méi)有用的”It’snotmuchgoodworryingfornothing.句型：Itisofnouse+todo(sth.)Exercise&ExplanationSentence7Exercise&ExplanationTrueorFalse?Theboysingsdelightedhisparents．

False

動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，須用所有格表示：Theboy’ssingingdelightedhisparents．比較：A.Heinsistedonpayingthemoney．B.Heinsistedonmypayingthemoney．A.他堅(jiān)持付錢。[和主句主語(yǔ)相同]B.(他堅(jiān)持要我付錢。)[和主句主語(yǔ)不同，須用所有格my表示付錢的人]Exercise&ExplanationTrueor8TranslationC.約翰缺席帶給我很多的麻煩。____gavemealotoftrouble．D.他很有錢是事實(shí)。____istrue．E.我不喜歡他們說(shuō)別人的壞話。Idon’tlike_____illofothers.F.我很高興考完試了。Iamgladof____．C.John'sbeingabsentD.HisbeingrichE.their(them)speakingF.theexaminationbeingover動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，必須用所有格；但當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可用所有格或賓格動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命事物時(shí)，不必用所有格，用“主格”即可

Translation9Exercise&ExplanationSentenceCompletionA.Myassignmentis____(write)areportonourexperiment．B.Herjobis____(wait)ontables(當(dāng)服務(wù)員)。A.towriteB.waiting不定式表示相對(duì)具體的動(dòng)作或行為，而動(dòng)名次表示相對(duì)抽象、普遍或經(jīng)常性的情況Exercise&ExplanationSentence10SentenceCompletionA.Whatyoumustdotodayis____(findout)whowasinvolved·B.TheonlythingIdidyesterdaywas____(finish)myessay．C.Thebestway____(memorize)newwordsistolearntousethem．D.Mydecisionisforthem____(undertake)theproject．A.(to)findoutB.(to)finishC.tomemorizeD.toundertake以上句式中經(jīng)常用不定式A、B兩種情況中，to也可省略，條件是主句中有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do出現(xiàn)—做謂語(yǔ)。SentenceCompletion11補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞都能充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)），難點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞之分。分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)具有形容詞性質(zhì)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或特點(diǎn)。分詞作表語(yǔ)主要限于表示人內(nèi)心活動(dòng)的詞，也就是情感、情緒、感覺(jué)之類的詞，主要有：please，delight，surprise，shock(震驚)，astonish(驚訝)，disappoint，touch(感動(dòng))，move，encourage，discourage，tire(累)，exhaust(使人疲倦)，bore(使人心煩)，puzzle(困惑)，confuse，worry，excite，frighten(使…害怕)，scare，terrify，amuse，amaze(使…驚訝)，comfort，relax，refresh，relieve，hurt，irritate(使…生氣)，interest，fascinate。這些詞均為及物動(dòng)詞。Englishisinterestingtome.Iwastired.補(bǔ)語(yǔ)不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞都能充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)（主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)），難點(diǎn)是現(xiàn)在12SentenceCompletionYourresultofthetestis____(disappoint).I’m____(disappoint)withyourstudy.Thegirlwastoo____(frighten)tomove．Thesceneoftheaccidentwas____(frighten).A.disappointing(令人失望)B.disappointed(對(duì)你的成績(jī)表示失望)C.frightenedD.frightening現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別在于前者表示“給人的感覺(jué)．使人感到…”而后者表示主語(yǔ)本身的感受。所以主語(yǔ)肯定是有生命的。公式是：

主語(yǔ)的感覺(jué)用ed，主語(yǔ)給別人的感覺(jué)用ing。

SentenceCompletion13動(dòng)名詞(gerund)?分詞(participle)?A.asleepingcarB.asleepingbabyC.avisitingcardD.avisitingprofessorA.gerund:acarforsleepingB.participle:ababywhoissleepingC.gerund:acarforvisitingD.participle:aprofessorwhoisvisiting(客座教授)動(dòng)名詞表示“用途或目的”，awashingmachine．a(chǎn)writingbrush(毛筆)，adininghall，aswimmingpool分詞表示“動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。動(dòng)名詞(gerund)?分詞(participle)?14Exercise&ExplanationTranslationadevelopingcountry——adevelopedcountryfallingsnowflakes——fallenleavesthechangingworld——thechangedcityamovingobject——abrokenobjectasleepingbaby——adesertedbabyfreezingcold——afrozenriver現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行或主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作過(guò)去分詞表示完成或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作Exercise&ExplanationTranslat15ChoiceA.birds(tofly,flying)abovetheforestB.anation(tobelong,belonging,belonged)toAsia．C.children(playing,played)gamesoutsideD.agame(playing,played)worldwide．A.Flying(正在進(jìn)行)B.Belonging(主動(dòng)的性質(zhì))C.Playing(主動(dòng))D.played(被動(dòng))SentenceCompletionE.ahospital________(重建之中的醫(yī)院)F.thehospital________lastyear(去年建的醫(yī)院)G.thehospital________nextyear(明年建的醫(yī)院)H.workers________thishospital(醫(yī)院的建設(shè)者)E.beingrebuiltF.builtG.tobebuiltH.buildingChoice16考試的難點(diǎn)在于分詞詞組和不定式作定語(yǔ)。充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的現(xiàn)在分詞詞組表示正在進(jìn)行某種活動(dòng)或主動(dòng)的性質(zhì)，分詞被動(dòng)式表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作．過(guò)去分詞表示完成或被動(dòng)，不定式的定語(yǔ)用途之一是表示要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

考試的難點(diǎn)在于分詞詞組和不定式作定語(yǔ)。17SentenceCompletionA.Thereishardlyanything____(do)．B.Shehasnothing____(do)allday．C.Thefirstperson____(taste)crabsisthoughttobebrave．A.todoB.todoC.totaste不定式的定語(yǔ)功能還表現(xiàn)在下列場(chǎng)合:havesthtodo(及物動(dòng)詞)thereissthtodo(tobedone)first，last和best后Sheisalwaysthelasttoleavetheoffice．Thebestthingforyoutodoistakeittocourt．SentenceCompletion18SentenceCompletionA.Failure____(be)punctualisasignofdisrespect．(不遵守時(shí)間是對(duì)別人不敬)B.Weappreciateyoureffort____(improve)people’slife．(我們贊賞你們?yōu)楦纳迫嗣裆钭龀龅呐?。A.tobeB.toimprove有些動(dòng)詞要求不定式充當(dāng)其賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式往往接不定式充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)。這些詞有：hope，wish，failure，aim，determination，decision，refusal，plan，desire，urge，impulse，compulsion，choice，endeavor(努力)，demand，expectation，permission，tendency，inclination(傾向)，其它類名詞有：willingness(愿意)，reluctance(不愿意)，effort(努力)，attempt(嘗試)，ability，power(能力)，freedom．SentenceCompletion19Exercise&ExplanationGap-FillingA.Cancerisnoteasy____(cure).B.Sheiseasy____(talk).C.Thishouseiscomfortable____(live)．D.Thisbossishard____(getalong).E.Englishisdifficultforme____(learn)．A.tocureB.totalktoC.toliveinD.togetalongwithE.tolearn(但不能說(shuō)：I’mdifficulttolearnEnglish.×)不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，若主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系（所修飾的詞為其邏輯賓語(yǔ)時(shí)），必須是及物動(dòng)詞，不及物動(dòng)詞要接相應(yīng)的介詞。Exercise&ExplanationGap-Fill20Gap-FillingA.Sheiswilling____(lookafter)mydaughterduringmyabsence．B.Thisteamislikely(unlikely)____(defeat)itsrival．C.Theyarecertain____(win)thegame．A.tolookafterB.todefeatC.towin有些形容詞必須接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，可作為句型來(lái)記:adj.+todosthD.I’msorry____(give)youtrouble.E.Shecan’tbemoreanxious____(know)whathappenedtoherhusband．D.togiveE.toknow這些句子中的不定式有自己的賓語(yǔ)，其它用于此句式的形容詞有上述表達(dá)感覺(jué)的過(guò)去分詞，如：surprised，pleased，還有sorry，happy，lucky，ashamed，proud，anxious，eager，afraid，curious，hesitant等表示情感或心情的詞。

Gap-Filling21賓語(yǔ)Gap-FillingA.Ididn’texpect____(meet)youhere．B.Theyoungtend____(be)moreopen-minded．C.Don’tpretend____(know)whenyoudon’t．D.Later，hedecided____(apologize)toherforhisrudeness．A.tomeetB.tobeC.toknowD.toapologizeV+todo句式要求不定式充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的詞主要有：aim，intend，tend，agree，afford，fail，plan，decide，hesitate，hope，wish，promise，volunteer(自愿)，learn，manage，choose，want，determine(resolve)(決心)，expect，long(渴望)，refuse，decline，endeavor，seek，pretend．賓語(yǔ)Gap-Filling22Gap-FillingA.Ienjoy____(work)withthosewhoarehumorous．B.Wouldyoumind(explain)itagain?C.Theyarenotongoodterms，sotheytrytoavoid____(meet)eachother．D.Haveyoufinished____(read)thisnovel?A.workingB.explainingC.meetingD.readingV+doing句式必須接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞包括：admit，anticipate(預(yù)料)，appreciate(感謝，贊賞)，avoid，consider，delay，deny(否定)，dislike，enjoy，escape，finish，forgive，keep，mind，postpone，practise(練習(xí))，suggest，risk，can’thelp，stand(tolerate)(忍受)，feellike．Gap-Filling23有些帶to的詞組中to是介詞，小心出錯(cuò)；不能用動(dòng)詞原形。be(get)usedtodoing…(習(xí)慣于…)，beaccustomedto(習(xí)慣于…)，prefersthtosth，bedevotedto，beopposedto，objectto，taketo(喜歡上)，lookforwardto(盼望)，giveuponeselfto，bereducedto(淪為)，putone’smindto．下列詞接不定式和動(dòng)名詞意義相同：prefer，continue，like，love，hate，start，begin，propose，有些帶to的詞組中to是介詞，小心出錯(cuò)；不能用動(dòng)詞原形。24Gap-FillingA1.Itried____(getup),onlytofallagain.(試圖站起來(lái))。A2.Shedoesn’tunderstandEnglish.Try____(speak)Frenchtoher．(英語(yǔ)不懂，用法語(yǔ)試試)。B1.Iregret____(say)thatyoufailedagain·B2.Iregret____(say)somethingnastytoher．(后悔說(shuō)了些難聽(tīng)話)。C1.Imeant____(say)somethingniceforyou,butinvain.C2.Wastingtimemeans____(commit)suicide(浪費(fèi)時(shí)間意味著自殺)。A1.togetupA2.speakingB1.tosayB2.sayingC1.tosayC2.committingGap-Filling25有些詞接不定式或動(dòng)名詞意義不同：

trytodo(試圖，努力做什么)trydoing(做嘗試，看是否奏效)。regrettodo(遺憾地說(shuō)、通知或告訴某人)regretdoing(后悔以前的言行)meantodo(意圖是…)meandoing(意味著)rememberdoing(havingdone)記得以前做過(guò)什么remembertodo(記住要做什么)=nottoforgettodoforgettodo(忘了做什么，此事沒(méi)做)forgetdoing(記不清是否做過(guò))有些詞接不定式或動(dòng)名詞意義不同：26Exercise&ExplanationGap-FillingA.Thisshirtneeds____(wash).B.Ineed____(wash)thisshirt．A.washing(tobewashed)(被動(dòng))B.towash(主動(dòng))

need很特殊，被動(dòng)意義時(shí)動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)式，而不定式要用被動(dòng)式。Exercise&ExplanationGap-Fill27Gap-FillingA.Pleaseallowme____(introduce)myself．B.Youhavetoforceyourself____(giveup)smoking·C.Godadvisedhim____(get)busy．D.Wewerewarned____(go)outatnight．A.tointroduceB.togiveupC.togetD.nottogoV+sb(sth)todo此類動(dòng)詞主要有：allow，forbid(禁止)，permit(允許)，teach，allow，ask，compel(迫使)，force，oblige(強(qiáng)迫)，expect，persuade(說(shuō)服)，advise(勸)，incite，cause，enable(使……能……)，get，urge，encourage，order，warn，showGap-Filling28用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)下列從句：A.Hedidn'ttellmehowheshouldcookfish．BLetmeshowyouhowweshouldoperatethismachine.A.Hedidn'ttellmehowtocookfish．BLetmeshowyouhowtooperatethismachine.句型：S+V+（賓語(yǔ)）+疑問(wèn)詞+to不定式TranslationC.Samislearning____.（正在學(xué)開(kāi)車）D.____isadifficultproblem.（何時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)彎）E.Anotherproblemis____.（何處停車）C.howtodriveacar（作賓語(yǔ)）D.Whentoturnthecorner（作主語(yǔ)）E.wheretostopthecar（作表語(yǔ)/補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）疑問(wèn)詞+to不定式=名詞短語(yǔ)。因含有名詞的性質(zhì)，可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)改寫(xiě)下列從句：29Gap-FillingA.Didyouseeanybody____(take)mydictionaryaway?B.EachtimeIlookedup，Ifoundhim____(smile)．C.Theywereshockedtofindtheirhouse____(break)in．A.takeB.smilingC.brokenV+sb.do,V+sb.doing,V+sthdone感官動(dòng)詞用于上述三種結(jié)構(gòu)。但意義不同，感官動(dòng)詞包括：feel．find．see，hear，watch，observe，listento，noticeseesb.do．seesb.doing和seesth．done的區(qū)別在于：①看到動(dòng)作整個(gè)過(guò)程(do往往是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如：open，standup，leave，comein，goout，close，fall，geton)。或不強(qiáng)調(diào)某人正在干什么，用動(dòng)詞原形：②發(fā)現(xiàn)或看到某人正在干什么，用現(xiàn)在分詞(動(dòng)詞往往是延續(xù)性的)：③被動(dòng)的，已完成的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去分詞表示：D.Suddenlyshefeltsomeone____(pat)herontheshoulder．E.Icanhearsomeone____(sing)nextdoor．F.I’veneverheardanyEnglish____(speak).D.patE.singingF.spokenGap-Filling30Gap-FillingA.Somepeoplemadethem____(tell)lies.B.Theyweremade____(tell)lies．C.Sheleftthechild____(cry)(讓孩子一個(gè)勁哭).D.Theteacherwantedtheroom____(clean)(希望有人打掃房間).A.tellB.totellC.cryingD.cleaned適用于V+sb．do的其它動(dòng)詞有：make，let，help．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)時(shí)要用to。適用于V+sb．doing的其它動(dòng)詞有：keep(使…一直…)，leave(使…處于…狀態(tài))，send(使…突然開(kāi)始…)，set(sb．thinking)，start，catch(sb．cheating)．smell例如：keepsb．waiting(讓某人久等)．，sendsb．runningaway(使某人跑開(kāi))，smellsth．burning(聞著糊味)。starttheclockgoing(讓表走)用于V+sbdone句型的其它動(dòng)詞有：make，get，want，

例如：makemyselfunderstood(使別人理解我)，makethesechangesfelt(使別人感覺(jué)到變化)，getsth．done(把某事完成)。但leave經(jīng)常與否定的過(guò)去分詞連用：leavethejobunfinished．Gap-Filling31“have'’這個(gè)詞需要特別注意。請(qǐng)看下列句子：lhavealettertowrite．Thenursehadthechildrengotobedearly．Thescientisthadhisdiscoveriesreportedinmanymagazines．Inthreeyears’timeIhadthelandproducinggoodcrops．I'mgoingtohavethispapertranslated．

這些句子說(shuō)明have的賓語(yǔ)情況復(fù)雜。第一句towrite為定語(yǔ)，類似havenothingtodo；第二句中的have(意為cause)接不帶to的不定式．意為“使…干什么”；在第三句中．have的意義為“遭受，經(jīng)歷”．如：haveone‘sownheadcutoff，havemypursestolen，havemyfoothurt；與第5句不同，此時(shí)have的意義為“使…被…”，也就是“請(qǐng)別人干…”；第四句中的用法不常見(jiàn)。意義為“…處于…狀態(tài)”．動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)?！癶ave'’這個(gè)詞需要特別注意。請(qǐng)看下列句子：32Gap-FillingA.Allthesevariationsmakeitdifficultforaforeignstudent____(know)exactlyhowtobehave．這些差異使留學(xué)生很難確切知道該怎樣行為。B.Hisfewmaterialpossessionsmakeitpossibleforhim____(move)fromplacetoplacewithease(不能說(shuō)makehimpossible)．他擁有物很少，這使他有可能輕易地到處流浪。C.Wethinkitnecessaryforyou____(talk)thematteroverwithher．我們覺(jué)得你有必要與她商談此事。A.toknowB.tomoveC.totalk典型句型：find(think,feel,deem,make)it+形容詞+forsb．todo用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞主要是：hard，easy，difficult，possible，impossible，necessary．Gap-Filling33典型句型在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，介詞in在-ing前可以省略。bebusydoing…spend(waste，pass)one’stimedoing…h(huán)ave(find)somedifficulty(trouble)doing…h(huán)aveagood(hard)timedoing…Thereisno(point，sense)doing…(…沒(méi)用)典型句型34Gap-FillingA.____(look)upfromthebook，shesawotherstudentslookingatherB.____(read)Reader‘sDigest，shekeptthinkingofherownlife．C.____(work)inthisdepartmentforovertenyears,thisdoctorhasmademanyfriends．D.____(heat)to100℃，waterwillboil．A.Looking(先抬頭，后看到別人，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，先發(fā)生的用分詞，特點(diǎn)是第一個(gè)動(dòng)作瞬間完成，第二個(gè)動(dòng)作緊跟，分詞不必用完成時(shí))B.Reading(邊讀邊想，同時(shí))C.Havingworked(完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作，而且有次數(shù)，時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度或數(shù)量詞出現(xiàn)。如果用狀語(yǔ)從句要用完成時(shí)，分詞肯定要用完成時(shí))D.Heated(水要被加熱，而且用狀語(yǔ)從句表示要用一般時(shí)，所以前面不要加being，過(guò)去分詞本身表示被動(dòng))分詞充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)情況也比較復(fù)雜，涉及現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞，分詞被動(dòng)式，也涉及分詞一般時(shí)和完成時(shí)之分。Gap-Filling35狀語(yǔ)填空并說(shuō)明分詞結(jié)構(gòu)用作何種狀語(yǔ)A.Thesheepandrabbitwereplayingonthegrass，____(not,know)awolfwascomingtowardsthem．B.____(not,hear)fromhisparentsforalmostamonth,heisbeginningtofeelworried．C.ThePalaceMuseum,also____(know)astheForbiddenCity，wasbuiltmorethan500yearsago．D.Thelittlegirlwent____(tiptoe)outoftheroom．E.Theycametotheofficeforyetanothermeeting,____(think)thatasolutionwouldcomeup．F.Thestudentsfilleveryshop,cinemaandcafe，____(make)theseplacespartoftheuniversityaswell．

A.notknowing(伴隨情況)B.Nothavingheard(完成時(shí)否定，不能把not放在having后面)C.known(過(guò)去分詞經(jīng)常用于此結(jié)構(gòu)，有補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明含意)D.tiptoeing(方式狀語(yǔ))E.thinking(伴隨狀語(yǔ)，兩句之前不能加上and)F.Making(不妨理解為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))狀語(yǔ)填空并說(shuō)明分詞結(jié)構(gòu)用作何種狀語(yǔ)36注意同一詞的四種形式！請(qǐng)指出下列句中分詞的含義：A.TranslatingthisbookintoChinese，thisagedscholarspentmanysleeplessnights．B.TranslatedintoChineselastyear，thisbookbecameanimmediatesuccessonthemarket．C.HavingtranslatedthisbookintoChinese，thisagedscholargaveasighofrelief．D.Havingbeentranslatedintomanylanguages,thesefablesareknownallovertheworld．A.(譯書(shū)過(guò)程中)B.(被譯成漢語(yǔ))C.(已譯完)D.(已譯為多種語(yǔ)言)注意同一詞的四種形式！請(qǐng)指出下列句中分詞的含義：37Exercise&ExplanationTrueorFalseA.Beingseriouslyill，hecouldhardlyspeak.B.Beingseriouslyill，doctorsdecidedtogivehimanoperation.C.Lookingoutofthewindow，wecouldseeatallbuilding.D.Lookingoutofthewindow，therewasatallbuilding.A.(√)B.(×)C.(√)D.(×)不論分詞充當(dāng)何類狀語(yǔ)，一個(gè)普通的規(guī)律是：從句的主語(yǔ)要與主句主語(yǔ)一致也就是說(shuō)，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是由同一人或物完成。Exercise&ExplanationTrueor38Exercise&ExplanationTranslationA.若是天氣許可，我們明天要去野餐。Weather______，wewillhaveapicnictomorrow．B.夕陽(yáng)西下了，我們就動(dòng)身回家。Thesun______,westartedforhome．C.因?yàn)闆](méi)有出租車，我們只好走路。There______notaxi,wehadtowalk．A.permitting(=Iftheweatherpermits，…)B.havingset(=Asthesunhadset,…)C.being(=Astherewasnotaxi,…)在分詞短語(yǔ)中，分詞意義上的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，就稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。Exercise&ExplanationTranslat39TranslationA.Heenjoyslisteningtomusicwithhiseyes______.他喜歡閉著眼睛聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。B.Hecameoutoftheroomwithhiseyes______．他走出房間時(shí)，眼睛閃著亮光。C.Don'tspeakwithyourmouth______．嘴里吃著東西時(shí)不要講話。D.Motherlookedatmewithtears______．母親含著淚看著我。A.closedB.shillingC.fullD.inhereyes句型：S+V…(,)with+O+V-ing/V-ed/adj./介詞短語(yǔ)

介詞‘‘with’’可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，做為附帶說(shuō)明前面句子中主語(yǔ)的狀況，這個(gè)短語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞一律以分詞出現(xiàn)，做“with”后面賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。這種短語(yǔ)中除了分詞外，還可以用形容詞或介詞短語(yǔ)。Translation40用分詞改寫(xiě)下列句子：Lookoutwhenyoucrossthestreet．…whencrossingthestreet．Whilehewassittinginclass，hefellasleep．Whilesittinginclass，…．Nobodycanexpecttobeamusicianunlesshewastrainedyoung．…unlesstrainedyoung．Cancerislikelytobecuredifitisdetectedearly．…ifdetectedearly．Hestoodbythewindow，asifhewaswaitingforsomething．…,asifwaitingforsomething．Thoughhewasseriouslywounded，thesoldierwentonshooting．Thoughseriouslywounded，…分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)前面可加上連詞，如：while，when，once，if，unless，asif，though但after和before常被看到是介詞，用時(shí)要小心。Jeffersonwasasuccessfullawyerbeforegettinginvolvedinpolitics．Theseinstrumentsmustbesterilizedafterbeingused．用分詞改寫(xiě)下列句子：41必須記住的固定搭配!!!Gap-FillingA.Strictly____(speak)，therearenorealsynonyms．B.____(consider)difficultiesinvolved,thisprojectisnotworthwhile．C.____(give)thewidespreadfear,policymakershadtobemoreprudent．A.speakingB.ConsideringC.Given某些慣用語(yǔ)已經(jīng)失去分詞的特性，主要有：generally(strictly，broadly)speaking，judgingfrom，considering，takingeverythingintoconsideration，regarding，seeingthat，provided(只要)，given(granted)(假定…真實(shí))不定式也有些固定搭配，充當(dāng)插入語(yǔ)：totellthetruth(說(shuō)實(shí)話)，toputitanotherway(換言之)，tobeplainwithyou(坦白說(shuō))，tomakemattersworse(更糟的是)，tocutalongstoryshort(長(zhǎng)話短說(shuō))，tobehonest(老實(shí)說(shuō))，tobefrank(坦率地說(shuō))，tobebrief(簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō))，sotospeak(可謂是)必須記住的固定搭配!!!Gap-Filling42TranslationYouhadbetter______there．(你最好不要去那里。)Iwouldrather______than______it．(我寧死也不愿做這種事。)Hedoesnothingbut______allday．(他整天只是玩。)Icannotbut______．(我無(wú)法不笑。)Hemayaswell______so．(他盡可以這么說(shuō)。)What(=Allthat)Ihavetodois______arest．(我所要做的是休息。)A.notgoB.die…doC.playD.laughE.sayF.take以下所列之慣用語(yǔ)，其后須接原形動(dòng)詞。hadbetter(最好)wouldrather=hadrather(寧愿)donothingbut(只是)／cannotbut(不得不)maywell(有足夠的理由)may／mightaswell(不妨，倒不如)All(A)havetodois(to)…(A所要做的是…)Translation43Gap-Filling(inorderto,to,enough…to…,so…asto…,onlytoo…to…,onlyto)Hemakes____littlemoney____supporthimself．I’llbe____pleased____seeyou．很高興見(jiàn)到你。Shehas____experience(experience____)____workasamanager.Wouldyoubekind________drivemehome?Howcanyoube____rude____keeptheguestswaiting?____getgoodscores,sheisspendingonedayastwo.Theyarerunningtothestation____catchthetrain．TheJapanesesentoutover300planes,____losemostofthem．Theyparted，never____seeeachotheragain．A.too…to太…不能…B.onlytoo…to表示肯定意義(very…to)

C.enough…toD.enough…to很…能…(enough在放在形容詞，副詞之后)E.so…asto太…竟然…F.InordertoG.soasto（inorderto,soasto，to表示目的）H.onlytoI.toto也可表示結(jié)果，表示“出乎預(yù)料”的結(jié)果。前面往往加上"only"。

不定式可以表示結(jié)果或目的Gap-Filling44Homework1.People_________(travel)longdistancesfrequentlyhave_________(decide)whethertheywouldprefer__________(go)byland,sea,orair,Hardlyanyonecanpositivelyenjoy__________(sit)inatrainformorethanafewhours.TrainCompartmentsarelikely__________(get)crowdedandstuffy.Itisalmostimpossible__________(take)yourmindoffthejourney.__________(read)isonlyapartialsolution,forthemonotonousrhythmofthewheels__________(click)onrailssoonlullsyoutosleep.Atnight,whenyoureallywish__________(go)tosleep,yourarelymanage__________(do)so.Ifyouareluckyenough__________(find)acouchette,youspendhalfthenight__________(stare)atthesmallbluelightintheceiling.Asaresult,youarriveatyourdestinationalmost__________(exhaust).Homework1.People_________(t452.Noonecanavoid__________(influence)byadvertisements.Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste,wearenolongerfree__________(choose)thethings,wewant,for__________(advertise)exertsasubtleinfluenceonus.Intheirefforts__________(persuade)us__________(buy)thisorthatproduct,advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannature.3.__________(go)throughtheCustomsisatiresomebusiness.Thestrangestthingaboutitisthatreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmade__________(feel)guilty.The__________(harden)professionalsmuggler(走私者),ontheotherhand,neverfeels__________(trouble),evenifhehas500goldwatches__________(hide)inhissuitcase.__________(return)fromabroadrecently,Iwasthought__________(be)apossiblesmugglerbyayoungCustomsOfficer.'Haveyouanything__________(declare)?'heasked,__________(look)meintheeye.'No,Iansweredconfidently,__________(smile)'.'Wouldyoumind__________(unlock)thissuitcaseplease?'Notatall,'Ianswered.2.Noonecanavoid__________464.__________(cook)inbeer,fishmighttastebetter.Oneday,Ihappened__________(walk)inmygardenwhenInoticedmysoft__________(make)afire.Not__________(see)him__________(do)sobefore,Iaskedhimwhathewasgoingtodo.Heanswered."I'vedecided__________(invite)someofmyfriendshere__________(dine)intheopen."5.Thepatient__________(operate)onatthismomentused__________(be)amodelworker,__________(know)asanotherIronMan.6.__________(neverbe)abroadbefore,thelittlegirlcouldn'thelp__________(feel)(excite)on__________(say)goodbyetoherparents,whowatchedher__________(board)thebus.7.__________(be)awaiterorwaitressinAustraliaoneneeds__________(be)atleastsixteenyearsold.Youusuallystartby__________(work)asatablecleaneruntilyouhavegainedenoughexperience__________(enable)you__________(serve)customers.8.Thethoughtoftheheart__________(transplant)fromonepersontoanothergavethemendlesspain.4.__________(cook)inbeer,479.Theseformalitiescanbeconductedfairlyquicklywithoutanyone__________(feel)__________(disappoint).10.Thereisnothingforme__________(do)but__________(continue)________(wait).11.Whowasthelast__________(leave)thisroomyesterday?.12.Shetried__________(go)outthroughthewindow,only__________(find)thewindowtoohighabove__________(reach).13.Readers__________(surprise)__________(find)therooms__________(whitewash)twodaysbeforethefestival.14.__________(give)thecurrentsituationthere,weareobliged__________(send)agroupofobservers__________(watch)howtheelectionisgoingon.15.Shedidn'tintend__________(take)partinthecontest__________(hold)thenextday,__________(feel)thatshewastoopoorlyprepared_________(get)satisfactoryscores.16.Theoldladytoldme__________(stop)__________(practise)__________(speak)Englishbecauseshewasbusy__________(learn)Qigong.9.Theseformalitiescanbeco4817.Iregret__________(inform)youthatyoureffort__________(save)thecrisishasfailed__________(produce)anypositiveeffect.18.I'mdetermined__________(join)theexpeditionevenifthismeans__________(risk)mylife.19.Thisproductundergoesstrictqualityinspectionbefore__________(put)onmarkets.20.Theserulesshallremainvalidunless__________(specify)otherwise.21.__________(line)upagainstthewall,therewerelongthinwires__________(attach)tometalspheres.22.Amanwhohadhadhisrightleg__________(break)wastakentohospitalaweekbeforeChristmas.Fromthemomenthearrivedthere,hekepton__________(ask)thedoctor__________(tell)himwhenhewouldbeable__________(go)home.Hedreaded__________(have)__________(spend)Christmas__________(lie)inbed.17.Iregret__________(infor49Homework(Keys)travelling,todecide,togo,sitting,toget,totake,Reading,clicking,togo,todo,tofind,staring,exhausted.beinginfluenced,tochoose,advertising,topersuade,tobuy.Going,tofeel,hardened,troubled,hidden,returning,tobe,todeclare,looking,smiling,unlocking.Cooked,tobewalking,making,havingseen,do,toinvite,todine.beingoperated,tobe,known.Havingneverbeen,feeling,excited,saying,board.Tobe,tobe,working,toenable,toserve.beingtransplantedfeelingdisappointedtodo,continuetowaitHomework(Keys)travelling,to50toleavetogo,tofind,toreach.weresurprised,tofind,whitewashedGiven,tosend,towatchtotake,tobeheld,feeling,togettostop,practising,speaking,learning.toinform,tosave,toproduce.tojoin,riskingbeingputspecifiedLined,attachedbroken,asking,totell,togo,having,tospend,lying.toleave51 謝謝大家！ 謝謝大家！52NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Non-FiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞又稱非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞NonFiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞NonFin53Non-FiniteVerbs非限定動(dòng)詞又稱非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Non-FiniteVerbs54?Questions?為什么稱為非限定動(dòng)詞？不受主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的限制為什么稱為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞？不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)有幾種形式？不定式（infinitive）動(dòng)名詞（gerund）現(xiàn)在分詞（presentparticiple）分詞（participle）過(guò)去分詞（pastparticiple）?Questions?為什么稱為非限定動(dòng)詞？55?Questions?可作什么句法成分？主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式+++++動(dòng)名詞++++-分詞--+++?Questions?可作什么句法成分？主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)56Exercise&ExplanationGap-Fil