浪漫主義時(shí)期歷史背景及詩人簡介

xxx公司浪漫主義時(shí)期歷史背景及詩人簡介文件編號：文件日期：修訂次數(shù)：第1.0次更改批準(zhǔn)審核制定方案設(shè)計(jì)，管理制度浪漫主義時(shí)期（1798-1832）歷史背景：Politicalandsocialfactors:1.TheAmericanandFrenchrevolution:anupsurgeofnationalliberationanddemocraticmovements

Americanrevolution(1775-1783)—TheformationoftheindependentUnitedStates.

Frenchrevolutionof1789—“Liberty,equalityandfraternity”

2.TheIndustrialRevolution

Effect：1.Oneofthemaineffectsoftherapidandvasteconomicchangeswastheurbanizationofthegrowingpopulation.2.Theconditionsoftheworkingpoorinthecitieswasintolerable.3.Therewerechildrenworkingindark,dangerousfactories.4.Theworkingclassesandthepoorlivedinpolluted,congestedslums.Massepidemicsliketyphoidfeverafflictedtheslums.Theromantics,theliberals,thesocialists,theanarchistsandthecommunistsallemergedwiththeirideologiesatthispointinhistorytocriticizetheseman-madehorrors.

3.TheLudditemovement

（工人運(yùn)動(dòng)）思想文化背景:Rousseau盧梭(page2)—thefatherofromanticism

—Torelyonfeelings,tofollowtheinstinctsandemotions.

—Returntonature。EdmundBurke埃德蒙

伯克(Page2)

—ReflectionontheRevolutioninFrance(1790)《法國革命感想》ThomasPaine托馬斯

潘恩(page3)

—RightsofMan(1791)浪漫主義簡介：Itwasanartistic,literary,andintellectualmovementthatoriginatedinEuropetowardtheendofthe18thcenturyandinmostareaswasatitspeakintheapproximateperiodfrom1800to1850.PartlyareactiontotheIndustrialRevolution,itwasalsoarevoltagainstaristocraticsocialandpoliticalnormsofthe

AgeofEnlightenment

andareactionagainstthescientific

rationalization

ofnature.

Itwasembodiedmoststronglyinthevisualarts,music,andliterature,buthadamajorimpactonhistoriography,

educationandthe

naturalsciences.

Itseffectonpoliticswasconsiderableandcomplex;whileformuchofthepeakRomanticperioditwasassociatedwith

liberalism

andradicalism,inthelongtermitseffectonthegrowthof

nationalismwasprobablymoresignificant.ThetermwasusedinGermanyandFranceattheendof18thandbeginningof19thCtoclassifyanewmovementinliterature,especiallyinpoetry.浪漫主義時(shí)期代表人物共同特征：

(1)Theycultivatedimaginativefreedom,thoughinveryvariousways,andthisencouragedthemtouseavarietyofsometimesveryloosepoeticforms.

(2)Eachofthemtendedtoexpressthefeelingsofmaninsolitudeasopposedtothoseofmaninsociety.

(3)Theysharedatendencytobe"inwardturning"ratherthanoutward-looking.

(4)All,exceptperhapsBlake,respondedvividlytonatureandthenaturalanduncivilizedwayoflife..

(5)Theytendedtouselanguagewithmorefreedomandinformationthanthe18thCpoets,andemphasizetheneedforspontaneityinthoughtandactionandintheexpressionofthought.(6)Theywereall,butindifferentways,profoundlyaffectedbythegreathistoricalfactoftheFrenchRevolution,andbyitsvariousimmediateconsequences,especiallythecareerofNapoleon;Blake,Wordsworth,Coleridgebeganaswarmrevolutionarysympathizers,buttheNapoleonicwarscausedBlaketowithdrawandturnedtheothertwointoconvincedconservatives.

(7)Allofthemexaltedtheindividualgenius.Generalcharacteristicfeaturesoftheromanticmovement（Page.3）1.

Subjectivism

2.

Spontaneity

3.

Singularity

4.

Simplicity:everydaylanguagespokenbytherusticpeople

5.

Adominatingnoteofmelancholy

6.

Afreerverseform浪漫主義詩人派別:Lakepoet—thepassiveorescapistromanticists:Wordsworth,Coleridge,Southey—detestingtherealworld,escapingfromthereality.Activeorradicalromanticists:Byron,Shelley,Keats

—strivingtostrengthenman’swilltoliveandraisehimupagainstthedarknessintheworld.Principlesofpoetry1Subjects:1).Thegreatsubjectsofpoetryare“essentialpassionsoftheheart”and“thegreatandsimpleaffections.”(PrefacetoLyricalBallads(2nded.)).2).Incidentsandsituationsfromcommonlife2.Sourceofpoetry:feelings1).“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings”2).Emotionrecollectedintranquility3.Language:“reallanguageofmeninastateofvividsensation”(nopoeticdiction)詩人簡介：1．WilliamWordsworth：早期經(jīng)歷：BothparentshaddiedbythetimeWordsworthwas13JohnWordsworth,hisfather,wasveryeducatedandliberalandencouragedhischildrentobethesameWordsworth’shometownwasinthebeautifulLakeDistrictpromptinghisearlyloveandappreciationofnature,alongwithimagination自然和妹妹的影響：BelievedallindividualshavepotentialtoreachatranscendentalunderstandingofnaturethroughhisorherrelationshipwithnatureBelievednaturewasthegluethatbindseverythingtogetherDorothy,Wordsworth’ssister,wasveryimportanttohimSheexperiencednatureatanearlyageandherthoughtsandimpressionsinfluencedWordsworth.SamuelTaylorColeridge:Englishpoet,literarycriticandphilosopher;afounderoftheRomanticMovementinEngland(withhisfriendWilliamWordsworth);amemberoftheLakePoets.Hecoinedmanyfamiliarwordsandphrases,includingthecelebratedsuspensionofdisbelief.HewasamajorinfluenceonEmerson,andAmericantranscendentalism.GeorgeGordonByronPersonalImage:aleaderoftheera'spoeticrevolution,henamedAlexanderPopeashismaster;aworshiperoftheideal,heneverlosttouchwithreality;adeistandfreethinker,heretainedfromhisyouthaCalvinistsenseoforiginalsin;apeeroftherealm,hechampionedlibertyinhisworksanddeeds,givingmoney,time,energy,andfinallyhislifetotheGreekwarofindependenceWritingforms：satire,versenarrative,ode,lyric,speculativedrama,historicaltragedy,confessionalpoetry,dramaticmonologue,seriocomicepic,andvoluminouscorrespondence,writteninSpenserianstanzas,heroiccouplets,blankverse,terzarima,ottavarima,andvigorousproseterzarima三行詩節(jié)押韻法（象旦丁《神曲》中所用的詩體，三行為一節(jié)，每節(jié)的第二行與下一節(jié)的第一、三行押韻）ottavarima（意）八行體（一種詩體，每行十或十一個(gè)音節(jié)，前六行交替押韻，后兩行另成一組同腳韻）拜倫式英雄：Definition：Byron’schiefcontributiontoEnglishpoetry.Suchaheroisaproud,rebelliousfigureofnobleorigin.Passionateandpowerful,heistorightallthewrongsinacorruptsociety,andhewouldfightsingle-handedlyagainstallthemisdoings.Thusthisfigureisarebelliousindividualagainstoutwornsocialsystemsandconventions.TheByronicherofirstappearsinByron'ssemi-autobiographicalepicnarrativepoemChildeHarold'sPilgrimage(1812–1818).Characteristics：TheByronicherotypicallyexhibitsseveralofthefollowingtraits:ArrogantCunningandabletoadaptCynicalDisrespectfulofrankandprivilegeEmotionallyconflicted,bipolar,ormoodyHavingadistasteforsocialinstitutionsandnormsHavingatroubledpastorsufferingfromanunnamedcrimeIntelligentandperceptivePercyByssheShelleyShelleyisoneoftheleadingRomanticpoets,anintenseandoriginallyricalpoetintheEnglishlanguage.Hehasareputationasadifficultpoet:erudite(learned),complex(difficult),fullofclassicalandmythologicalallusions.Hisstyleaboundsinpersonificationandmetaphorandotherfiguresofspeech.Shelleylovedthepeopleandhatedtheiroppressorsandexploiters.Hecalledonthepeopletooverthrowtheruleoftyrannyandinjusticeandprophesiedahappyandfreelifeformankind.Hestoodforthissocialandpoliticalidealallhislife.HeandByronareregardedasthetwogreatpoetsoftheyoungergenerationinEnglishRomanticism.JohnKeatsMajorfeaturesofKeats’poetryCharacterizedbyexactandclosely-knitconstruction,emotionaldescriptions,andbyforceofimagination,givestranscendentalvaluestothephysicalbeautyoftheworld.Alwayssensuous,colorfulandrichinimagery.Majorsubjects:love&beauty,suffering&death.Hisartisticaimistocreateabeautifulworldofimaginationasopposedtothemiserablerealityofhisday.Hisleadingprincipleis“Beautyistruth,truthisbeauty.”CharlesLambLiteraturecareer：LamblivedunderthepoeticshadowofhisfriendColeridge.Inthefinalyearsofthe18thcenturyLambbegantoworkonprosewiththenovellaentitledRosamundGray,astoryofayounggirlwhowasthoughttobeinspiredbyAnnSimmonds,withwhomCharlesLambwasthoughttobeinlove.AlthoughthestoryisnotparticularlysuccessfulasanarrativebecauseofLamb'spoorsenseofplot,itwaswellthoughtofbyLamb'scontemporariesandledShelleytoobserve“whatalovelythingisRosamundGray!Howmuchknowledgeofthesweetestpartofournatureinit!”Inthefirstyearsofthe19thcenturyLambbeganhisfruitfulliterarycooperationwithhissisterMary.TogethertheywroteatleastthreebooksforWilliamGodwin’sJuvenileLibrary.ThemostsuccessfulofthesewasofcourseTalesFromShakespear