改錯與校對練習(xí)

改錯練習(xí)Abouthalfoftheinfantandmaternaldeathsindevelocountriesbeavoidedifwomenhadusedfamilyplanningmethodstopreventhighrisk pregnancies,accordingtoareportpublishingrecentlybytheJohnsHopking Thereportindicatesthat5.6millioninfantdeathsand2,000,000Deathscouldbepreventedthisyearifwomenchosetohavetheirschildren withinthesafestyearswithadequateintervalsamongbirthsandlimitedtheir familiestomoderateThisamountstoabouthalfofthe9.8millioninfantand370.000deathsindevelocountries,excludedChina,estimatedforthisyearby theUnitedNation’sChildren’sFundandtheUSCentersforDiseaseControlrespectably.Chinawasexcludedbecauseveryfewbirthsoccurinthehigh riskThereportsaysthatevidencesfromaroundtheworldshowstheriskof maternalorinfantillanddeathisthehighestinfourspecifictypesof pregnancy;pregnanciesbeforethemotheris18yearold;thoseafterthe motheris35yearsold;pregnanciesafterfourbirths;andthoselesserthan twoyears參考答案及解析hadused改為usedManywouldbewiseiftheydidnotthinkthemselveswise.publishingAnydiscoverythatwemaymakehoweversmallwillremainacquiredknowledge.任何可能的theirsamongexcludedexcluding。excluding意為“不包括…”respectablyrespectively“”respectably“”。7evidencesevidence。evidenceillillnessyearyearslesser“Home,sweethome”isaphrasethatexpressanessentialattitudeintheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthefamilyhouseissweetornosweet,thecherishedidealofhome hasgreatimportanceformanyThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenthcenturyEuropeansettlersofAmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouse forone’sfamily,andstartedafarm.Thesesmallhouseholdswere portraitsofindependence:theentirefamily-mother,father,evengrandparents-liveinasmallhouseandworkingtogetherto supporteachother.Anyoneunderstoodthelife-and-deathimportance offamilycooperationandhardwork.AlthoughmostpeopleinUnitedStatesnolongerliveonfarms,buttheidealofhomeownership isjustasstronginthetwentiethcenturyasitwasintheWhenU.SsoldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarⅡ,forexample, theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.Buttherewas atremendousboominhomebuilding.Thenewhouses,typicallythesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorleentical,butitsatisfied adeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisoftheir wayof參考答案及解析noplaceSolitudeisagoodplacetovisitbutapoorplacetoThereisavacantpieceoflandnearthehouse;wecanbuildstartedworking改為workanyone這里是要用everyoneanyonebutbefore改為But改為WhenIdogood,Ifeelgood.WhenIdobad,Ifeelbad.Andthat’smyithousethe中間加入介詞asregard…as作“把……當(dāng)作……”講。Weliveinasocietywhichthereisalotoftalkaboutscience,butIwouldsay thattherearenot5percentofthepeoplewhoareequippedwithschool,includingcollege,tounderstandscientificreasoning.Wearemoreignorantofscienceaspeople withcomparableeducationinWesternTherearealotofkidswhoknoweverythingaboutcomputers—howtothem,howtotakethemapart,andhowtowriteprogramsforgames.Soifyouask themtoexplainabouttheprinciplesofphysicsthathavegoneintocreatingthe computer,youdon’thavefaintestidea. Thefailuretounderstandscienceleadstosuchthingsliketheneglectofhuman creativepower.Italsotakesrisetoblurringofthedistinctionbetweenscienceand technology.Lotsofpeopledon’tdifferbetweenthetwo.Scienceistheproduction newknowledgethatcanbeappliedornot,andtechnologyistheapplicationofknowledgetotheproductionofsomeproducts,machineryorthelike.Thetwoarereallydifferent,andpeoplewhohavethefacultyforoneveryseldomhaveafacultyfortheothers. Scienceinitselfisharmless,moreorless.Butassoonasitcanprovidetechnology,it’snotnecessarilyharmful.Nosocietyhasyetlearnedtoforecasttheconsequencesof newtechnology,whichcanbe參考答案及解析whichinwhichwhichthesociety。inwhich在從句中作狀語，當(dāng)然也where引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作狀語，例如：Moneyisabottomlesssea,inwhichhonor,conscience,andtruthmaybeasSoBut或者HoweverNevertheless。aboutexplainyoulikesuchastakesgiveriseto表示“引起，導(dǎo)致”differ改為othersWhatisablackhole?Well,itisdifficulttoanswertheasthetermswewouldnormallyusetodescribeascientificphenomenon areadequatehere.Astronomersandscientiststhinkthatablackholeis aregionofspacewhiatterhasfallenandfromwhichnothingcan3 escape—notevenlight.Butwecan’tseeablackhole.Ablackhole4 exertsastronggravitationalpullandyetithasnomatter.Itisonlyspace—orthuswethink.Howcanthishappen?5 Thetheoryisthatsomestarsexplodewhentheirdensitytoaparticularpoint;they“collapse”andsometimesasupernovaoccurs.Thecollapseofastarmayproducea“WhiteDwarf”ofa“neutronstar”—astarwhiatterissodensethatifcontinuallyshrinksbytheforceof6 itsowngravity.Butifthestarisverylarge,thisprocessofshrinkingmaybesointensethatablackholeresultsin.Imaginetheearthreducedtothe sizeofamarble,butstillhavingthesamemassesandastronger gravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideasoftheforceofablackhole. Andnomatterneartheblackholeissuckedin. 參考答案及解析supernova名詞，[天]assincebecause。在表示原因的連接詞中，只有as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句不2adequateinadequate，或者在arenot。從邏輯上分析，因為我們擁有的科學(xué)whichinto。這是一個定語從句，意思是“黑洞是太空中物質(zhì)可以掉進(jìn)去的地方”，所以定語從句應(yīng)該為“intowhiatterhasfallen”。butso“連光都無法從黑洞中逃出”，所以我們根本無法看到黑洞。5thusso“那只是空間—或者我們認(rèn)為它只是空間”sothink的賓語，thus只能做連詞，不能做賓語。6.which改為whose。這個定語從句的意思是“它是一顆星，其密度非常大，由于自身的引力，它在不斷地收縮”。matterstarwhose。.massesmass。mass可指“大量的物質(zhì)”，而“themasses”特指“勞動群眾”，用在此9ideasidea?！癷dea”在表達(dá)“印象”10.noany.Thegreatwhalesareamongthemostfascinatingcreatureswhich haveeverlivedontheearth,andoneofthem,thebluewhale,isthelargest.Peopleinancienttimesthoughtwhalesasfearsome monstersoftheoceandepths.Sotohuntawhale,whenoneoccasionallyswamtowardshore,hewashighadventure.People3 foundtheadventurewasrewarding,too,fortheoilandmeatfromonewhalealonecouldheatandfeedavillageforawholewinter.Whalesresemblehugefish.Theywerereferredbytheancientsas “greatfish,”andanywhalebeachingalongthecoastsofEnglandwasdesignated“theKing’sfish”becauseitautomaticallybelongedtotheCrown.Eversincethoseearlytimes,humanhavefeltwhalesasenseof wondermixedwithanintensedesiretocapture,slaughter,andexploit.Nowtheslaughterhasreachedalarmingproportions.6 EventhoughsomespeciesareprotectedbytheregulationstheInternationalWhalingCommissionandtheoreticallyallwhalehuntingisregulated,buttheearth’sstockofwhalesisstillbeing depleted.Infact,somescientistsworrythat100yearssincenow theremaybenowhalesleft.Ifthishappens,mankindbeblameforremovingfromtheearthforeveraremarkableand awe-inspiringcreaturethatalwaysfedman’simaginationand madetheworldamoreexciting參考答案及解析thoughtofthought改為regarded。“thinkofAasB”，指“AB”，he。這句話的主語是“tohuntawhale”，“tohuntawhalewashighadventure”。中間的referredto?！皉efertoAasB”只“AB”，這句話的意思是“古人把鯨稱作大feltfor。這句話實際的結(jié)構(gòu)是“feelasenseofwonderforwhales”指“對鯨懷有驚奇的感覺”，for引出對象。8since改為from?！?00yearsfromnow”指“100年后”sinceblameto?！癰etoblameforsth指“對某事應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任”Weuselanguageeveryday.Weliveinaworldofwords.Hardlyanymomentpasseswithsomeonetalking,writingorreading.Indeed,1 languagesismostessentialtomankind.Ourlivesincreasinglyonfastandsuccessfuluseoflanguage.Strangelyenough,weknow moreaboutthingsaroundusthanonourselves.Forexample,language isspeciesspecific,thatis,itislanguagethatdiffershumanfrom animals.However,wedonotknowyethowexactlyweinquirelanguage andhowitispossibleforustoperceivethroughlanguage;norwe understandpreciselythecombinationsbetweenlanguageandthought, languageandlogic,orlanguageandculture;stillless,howandwhenlanguagestarted.Onereasonforthisinadequateknowledgeoflanguageisthatwe,likelanguageusers,taketoomanythingsforgranted. Languagecomestoeverynormalsonaturallythatafew9 ofusstoptoquestionwhatlanguageis,muchlessdowefeelthenecessitytostudyit.Languageisfarmorecomplexthanmostpeoplehaveprobablyimaginedandthenecessitytostudyitisfargreaterthansomepeoplemayhaveassured.Linguisticisabranchofsciencewhich takeslanguageasitsobjectof參考答案及解析withwithout?！県ardyanymomentpasseswithoutsomeone…”,兩個否定withoutfastthe因為fastandsuccessfuluseofthanonourselvesthanthingsonourselves。在這里比較的是兩件事：thingsaroundusdiffersdistinguishes。語言區(qū)分人與動物，differ是不及物動詞，后面不能帶賓語，只能用介詞，如：Mandiffersfromanimalsinthatmanpossesseslanguage。inquire改為acquire“習(xí)得語言”應(yīng)該是acquirelanguagelanguageacquisition。Inquire是“詢問”的意思。wedo副詞nor放在句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，應(yīng)用倒裝句，一般現(xiàn)在時強(qiáng)調(diào)句是在主語前面加助動詞bination改為relationships.語言和思維的關(guān)系，不是結(jié)合；語言和思維的關(guān)系是當(dāng)代語a“我們沒有多少人……”而不是“我們一些人.….”assured改為assumed.這句的后半部分意思是“研究語言的必要性比我們要大得多”。Assure譯為“確保”；assume譯為“假設(shè)”或者“意思。Wheneveryouseeanoldfilm,evenonemadeaslittletenyearsbefore,youcan’thelpbeingstruckedbythe appearanceofthewomentakingpart.Theirhairstylesmake-uplookdate;theirskirtslookeithertoolongortoo short;theirgeneralappearanceis,infact,slightlyThementakingpart,onotherhand,areclearlyrecognizable. Thereisnothingabouttheirappearancetosuggesttheybelongtoanentiredifferentage.Thisillusioniscreated bychangingfashions.Overtheyears,thegreatminorityofmen havesuccessfullyresistedallattemptstomakeitchangetheir styleofdress.Thesamecannotbesaidforwomen.Eachafewerso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydown onthelawandwomenaroundtheworldruntoobey.The decreesofthedesignersareunpredictableandSometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortand waistswillbeheight;hipsareinandbuttonsareout. 參考答案及解析struckedstruckdatedatedonotherhandontheotherentire改為minority，從上下文以及判斷，多半成功地了改變他們服裝款式的企圖，即多年來，itthemthegreatmajorityofmenfewer改為sometimesometimesheightbeDemographicindicatorsshowthatAmericansinthepostwarperiodweremoreeagerthanevertoestablishfamilies.Theyquicklybroughtdownatmarriageforbothmenandwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheight aftermorethanahundredyearsofasteadydecline,producingthe“babyboom.” Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrendofearlymarriageandrelativelyfamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesandcausedamajorbuttemporary reversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.Fromthe1940sthroughtheearly1960s,Americansmarriedatahighrateandatayoungeragethantheir4 Europecounterparts. Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwhoformed familiesbetween1940and1960neverthelessreducedthedivorcerateaftera postwarpeak;theirmarriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatof coupleswhomarriedinearlieraswellaslaterdecades.SincetheUnitedStates maintaineditsdubiousdistinctionofhavingthehighestdivorcerateintheworld,thetemporarydeclineindivorcedidnotoccurinthesameextentinEurope.10 Contrarytofearsoftheexperts,theroleofbreadwinnerandhomemakerwasnot參考答案及解析將第二個不定冠詞asteadydecline意為持續(xù)的下降，前面不用加冠詞。又如：yearsofhardwork。根據(jù)語感可以wentonwentlasted此處是“持續(xù)”wentonlasthighhighermore。此處的大意為戰(zhàn)后離婚率也下降了，這個現(xiàn)象不大有人注意，但同樣也很重要。另外，more與equally相。nevertheless改為alsonevertheless。thatthoseSince改為Although/Though/WhileintototheextentWhenyoustarttalkingaboutgoodandbadmannersyouimmediaystartmeetingdifficulties.Manypeoplejustcannotagreewhattheymean.Weaskedalady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldlawell-manneredonthe1 waytheyoccupiedthespacearoundthem—forexample,whensuchawalksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofothers.Suchpeoplenever bumpintootherHowever,asecondthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestioncivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.Instead,thisothertoldusastory,3 ithesaidwasquitewell-known,aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvited4 toanArabmealatoneofthecountriesoftheMiddleEast.TheAmerican hasn’tbeentoldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemightexpect.Ifhehad knownaboutAmericanfood,hemighthavebehavedbetter. Immediaybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceofbreadthatlooked,him,verymuchasanapkin.Pickingitup,heputitintohiscollar,sothat itfallsacrosshisshirt.HisArabhost,whohadbeenwatching, saidofnothing,butimmediaycopiedtheactionofhisguest.10 Andthat,saidthissecond,wasafineexampleofgood參考答案及解析on改為by“bytheway”作“根據(jù)……方式”unaware改為根據(jù)下文中的“Suchaneverbumpintootherpeople”判斷，這種人不會“目中無人”as“moreadj/ofnthan”ithesaid是語atthecountryinhasn’t改為asas意思為“作為”，like意思為“像”fallsofAgreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenewinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.Andanylargeorrichcityis1 goingtoattractpoorimmigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesof prosperitywhicharethenoftendisappointing.TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereontheedgeof3 seventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynineteenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewis thescale.Descriptionswrittenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorofMexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,arevery5 dissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday—thepoorcanstillbenumbered inThewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditlies twomyths;themythofthecityasapromisedland,thatattractsimmigrants fromruralpovertyandbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythofthe countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,sendsthemflood -ingoutagaintothe參考答案及解析newone前加one指代上下文中的可數(shù)名詞purposefilling改為在這里，非謂語動詞fillwho（poorimmigrants）之間是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，因此要使thiswhat。如：WhatIlikeinagoodauthorisnotwhathesays，butwhathewhisperswas改為thatdescriptions…andtheenormouscontrasts,be要dissimilarliesbehinditlietwomythstwomythsthatitlateArtistsusecaricaturetodistortthehumanfaceorfigureforcomicaffect, whileatthesametimecapturinganidentifiablelikenessandsuggeststheessence ofthealityorcharacterbeneaththesurface.Thehumorliesinthefact3 thecaricatureisrecognizable,andyetexaggerated.FromtheirorigininEuropeaswittysketches,caricaturegrewthrough theeighteenthandnineteenth ingenormouslypopularin theUnitedStatesearlyinthiscentury.In1920sand1930sespecially,thislivelyformofillustrationwasappearedinnewspapersand6 magazinesthroughoutthecountry.Thecaricaturistsinthiseradrewhis portraitsofimportantfiguresprimarytoentertain.Inspirittheirworkwas closetothehumorofthefast-develocomicstripandgagcartoonthantothe9 stringofpoliticalsatire.Theirsubjectsweremoreoftenamusingthanoffended byamiable參考答案及解析affectaffect是動詞。effectsuggests這是一個以whilesuggest應(yīng)該與capturingfacttheirits指代單數(shù)名詞centurywashistheprimaryamusingMostpeoplewoulddescribewaterlikeacolorlessliquid.They wouldknowthatinverycoldconditions esasolidiceandthatwhenheatingonafireit esavaporcalled.2 However,water,theywouldsay,isaliquid.Wehavelearnedthatwaterconsistsofmoleculescomposedwithtwoatomsofhydrogen andoneatomofoxygen,whichwedescribebytheformulaH2O.Thisisequallytrueofthesolidcallediceandthegascalled.Chemicallythereisnodifferencebetweenthegas,theliquid,thesolid,allofwhichismadeupofmoleculeswiththeformulaH2O. Thisistrueofotherchemicalsubstances;mostofthemcanexistasgasesorasliquidsorassolids.Wemaynormallythinkofironasasolid,butifwewillheatitinafurnace,itwillmeltand ea5 liquid,andatveryhightemperaturesitwill eagas.Nothingverypermanentoccurswhenagaschangesintoaliquidorasolid.Everyoneknowsthatice,whichhasbeenmadebyfreezingwater,canbemeltedagainbywarmedandthatcanbecondensed6 onacoldsurfaceto eliquidwater.Infact,itisonlybecausewaterissoafamiliarsubstancethatdifferentnamesareusedfor7 thesolid,liquidandgas.Mostsubstancesareonlyfamiliarwith usinonestate,becausethetemperaturesrequiringtoturnthem intogasesareveryhigh,orthetemperaturesnecessarytoturnthemintosolidsaresolow.Waterisanexceptioninthisrespect,whichisanotherreasonwhyitsthreestateshavegiventhreedifferentnames. 參考答案及解析like為describesthassth是把……描述成……h(huán)eatingbe的變化形式省略。withbecomposedof意思為“包括，由……組成ismadeuparemadewhichthegastheliquid，andthesolid將第一個willby改為whenwarmwhenitissowith短語familiarto后面才能接“”familiarwith是接requiringhavegivethreestatesClassicIntentionInsocialsituations,theclassicIntentionMovementischair-grasp”.Hostandguesthavebeentalkingforsometime,nowthehosthasanappointmenttokeepandcangetaway.Hisurge togoisheldincheekbyhisdesirenotberudetohisguest.Ifhedid notcareofhisguest’sfeelingdsimplygetupoutofhischair3 andtoannouncehisdeparture.Thisiswhathisbodywantstodo,4 thereforehispolitenessglueshisbodytothechairandrefusestolethim raise.Itisatthispointthatheperformsthechair-graspIntention Movement.Hecontinuestotalktotheguestandlistentohim,butforwardandgraspsthearmsofthechairasabouttopushhimselfupwards. Thisisthefirstacthewouldmakeifhewererising.Ifhewerenot hesitating,itwouldonlylastthefractionofthesecond.Hewouldlean, push,rise,andbeup.Butnow,instead,itlastsmuchlonger.holdshis“readiness-to-rise”postandkeepsonholdingit.Itisasifhis bodyhadfrozenattheget-ready答案及解析cannotdesiretodosomethingofcareabout意思為“對…在意，在乎”，而careof意思為“轉(zhuǎn)交andtothereforeyetraiseasaboutif此處的意思是主人身子往前傾，雙手抓著椅子，好像就要站起來一樣。asifthoughtodosomething意思為“仿佛要做什么事情”。makeperformmake與前面的acttheafractionofasecondpost改為Thehunter-gatherertribesthattodayliveasourprehistorichuman ancestorsconsumeprimarilyavegetabledietsupplementingwithanimalfoods Anysisof58societiesofmodernhunter-gatherers,includingtheKungofsouthernAfrica,revealedthatone-halfemphasizegatheringplantsfoods,one-thirdconcentrateonfishing,andonlyone-sixthareprimarilyhunters,Overall,two-thirdsandmoreofthehunter-gatherer’scaloriescomefrom3 plants.DetailedstudiesoftheKungbythefoodscientistsattheUniversityofLondon,showedthatgatheringisamoreproductivesourceoffoodthanishunting.Anhourofhuntingyieldsiageabout100edible4 calories,asanhourofgatheringproduces240.5 Plantfoodsprovidefor60percentto80percentoftheKungdiet,andno onegoeshungrywhenthehuntfails.Interestingly,iftheyescapefataloraccidents,thesecontemporaryaborigineslivetooldagesdespiteoftheabsence ofmedicalcare.Theyexperiencenoobesity,nomiddle-agedspread,littledentaldecay,nohighbloodpressure,noheartdisease,andtheirbloodcholesterollevelsareverylow(abouthalfoftheaverageAmericanadult). Ifnooneissuggestingthatwereturntoanaboriginallifestyle,wecertainly couldusetheireatinghabitsasamodelforhealthierdiet. 參考答案及解析assupplementeddietwhichissupplementedwithanimalfoodsand將in改為onoage是固定用法aswhile或者forprovide改為provide是及物動詞，后面不用介詞despitehalfthatbloodcholesterollevels，不能省略，因為這里是將部落成員的膽固醇含量與if改為whereasforaTherearegreatimpedimentstothegeneraluseofastandardinpronun-ciationcomparabletothatexistinginspelling(orthography).Oneisfactthatpronunciationislearnt‘naturally’andunconsciously,andorthography islearntdeliberayandconsciously.Largenumbersofus,infact,remainthroughoutourlivesquiteunconsciouswithwhatourspeechsounds2 likewhenwespeakout,anditoftencomesasashockwhenwe firstlyheararecordingofourselves.Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce, whereasourownhandwritingissomethingwhichwealmostalwaysknow.We beginthe‘natural’learningofpronunciationlongbeforewestartlearningreadorwrite,andinourearlyyearswewentonunconsciouslyimitatingand practicingthepronunciationofthosearoundusformanymorehoursperevery daythanweeverhavetospendlearningevenourdifficultEnglishThisis‘natural’,therefore,thatourspeech-soundsshouldbethoseofourim- mediatecircle;afterall,aswehaveseen,speechoperatesameansofholdingacommunityandtogiveasenseof‘belonging’.Welearnquiteearlytorecognizea9 ‘stranger’,someonewhospeakswithanaccentofadifferentcommunity—perhapsonlyafewfar.10 參考答案及解析and改為withofunconsciousof是固定搭配。speakout意思為“大膽地說”，“大聲地說”firstlywhichthatwhichsomething，因此thatwhich刪掉，不用任何引導(dǎo)詞。wentperThiscommunityfar“只有幾英里遠(yuǎn)”應(yīng)是afewawaySportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingViewingbiologically,themodernfootballerisrevealedasamemberofadisguised huntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimisinaccurateandhescoresagoal, enjoysthehunter’striumphofkillinghisprey. Tounderstandhowthistransformationhastakenplacemustbrieflylookupatourancientancestors.Theyspentoveramillion yearevolvingasco-operativehunters.Theirverysurvivaldependedonsuccess inthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eveniftheir bodies,becameradicallychanged.Theybecamechasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersandprey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-group7 Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,whenthisimmenselylongformative periodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimproved sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,wereputtoanewuse—thatofpenning, controllinganddomesticatingtheirprey.Thefoodwasthereontheawaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesoffarmingwerenolonger essentialfor參考答案及解析viewing2inaccurate如果真的目標(biāo)確，也就不可能進(jìn)球了（hescoresagoal）。3.enjoysheifhisaimisaccurateandhescoresagoal是條件狀語從句，因此可見這里是主句，he是不可以省略的。.lookupatup.year.if.co-operateco-.when改為were改為該謂語動詞的主語是Theirimprovedinligence，是單數(shù)farmingDuringtheearlyyearsofthiscentury,wheatwasseenastheveryofWesternCanada.Peopleoncitystreetswatchedtheyieldsandthepriceofinalmostasmuchfeelingasiftheyweregrowers.Themarketingofwheat becameanincreasingfavoritetopicofconversation. Warsetthestageforthemostdramaticeventsinmarketingthewesterncrop.Foryears,farmersmistrustedspeculativegrainsellingascarriedonthroughtheWinnipegGrainExchange.Wheatpricesweregenerallylowintheautumn,sofarmerscouldnotwaitformarketstoimprove.Ithadhappenedtoooftenthat theysoldtheirwheatsoonshortlyafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue, justtoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producers groupsaskedfirmercontrol,buttheernmenthadnowishto e6 involving,atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.7 Anxioustocheckinflationandrisinglifecosts,thefederalernmentappointed8 aboardofgrainsupervisorstodealwithdeliveriesfromthecropsof1917and1918.GrainExchangetradingwassuspended,andfarmerssoldatfixedbyth.Tohandlewiththecropof1919,theernmentappointed9 thefirstCanadianWheatBoard,withtotalauthoritytobuy,sell,andsetprices.10 參考答案Duringtheearlyyearsofthiscentury,wheatwasseenastheveryofWesternCanada.PeopleoncitystreetswatchedtheyieldsandthepriceofinalmostasmuchfeelingasiftheyweregrowersThemarketingofwheatinbecameanincreasingfavoritetopicofconversation.increasingWarsetthestageforthemostdramaticeventsinmarketingthewesterncrop.Foryears,farmersmistrustedspeculativegrainsellingascarriedonthroughtheWinnipegGrainExchange.Wheatpricesweregenerallylowintheautumn,sofarmerscouldnotwaitformarketstoimproveIthadhappenedtoooftenthatsotheysoldtheirwheatsoonshortlyafterharvestwhenfarmdebtswerecomingdue,soonjusttoseepricesrisingandspeculatorsgettingrich.Onvariousoccasions,producers將just改為onlygroupsaskedfirmercontrol,buttheernmenthadnowishto e在asked后面加上involving,atleastnotuntilwartimewhenwheatpricesthreatenedtorunwild.involvingAnxioustocheckinflationandrisinglifecosts,thefederalernmentappointed將life改aboardofgrainsupervisorstodealwithdeliveriesfromthecropsof1917and1918.GrainExchangetradingwassuspended,andfarmerssoldatpricesfixedbyth.Tohandlewiththecropof1919,theernmentappointed刪掉with或handlethefirstCanadianWheatBoard,withtotalauthoritytobuy,sellandsetprices.totalForthelastfifteenortwentyyearsthefashionincriticismoroftheartshavebeentodenytheexistenceofanyvalidcriteriaandtomakethe words“good”or“bad”irrelevant,immaterial,andinapplicable.Thereisnosuchthing,wearetold,likeasetofstandardsfirstacquiredthroughexperienceand2 knowledgeandlateimposedonthesubjectunderdiscussion.Thishasbeena popularapproach,foritrelievesthecriticoftheresponsibilityofjudgmentandthepublicbythenecessityofknowledge.Itpleasesthoseresentfulofdisciplines,it4 flatterstheempty-mindedbycallinghim,itcomfortsthe5 confused.Underthebannerofdemocracyandthekindofqualitywhichourforefathersdidnomean,itsays,ineffect,“Whoareyouto luswhatisgoodorbad?”Thisissamecryusedsolongandsoeffectivelybytheproducersofmass mediawhoinsistthatitisthepublic,notthey,whodecidewhatitwantstohear andtosee,andthatforacritictosaythatthisprogramisbadandthatisgoodispureareflectionofaltaste.Nobodyrecentlyhasexpressedthis8 philosophymostsuccinctlythanDr.FrankStanton,thehighlyinligent9 ofCBSevision.AtahearingbeforetheFederalCommunicationsCommission,thisphraseescapedfromhimunderquestioning:“Oneman’smediocrity isanotherman’sgood參考答案及解析havethefashion是單數(shù)likeassuchas是固定搭配.latelaterlater和上文first對應(yīng).byofrelievesbof/fromsth是固定搭配,意思為“減輕(的負(fù)擔(dān)等himtheempty-minded,“the+adj/p.p”表示一類人時,通常表示復(fù)數(shù)概念samethesame“唯一,獨一無二”的概念,因此必須加定冠詞decidethepublic表示的是單數(shù)概念.,it可以看得出來pure改為mostmorethan搭配,引導(dǎo)出比較狀語從句fromescape在作“被情不自禁地說出來”講時,是及物動詞,而只在作“逃跑”講時,才時不及物Whenahumaninfantisbornintoanycommunityinanypartofworldithastwothingsincommonwithanyinfant,providedneitherofthem havebeendamagedinanywayeitherbeforeorduringbirth.Firstly,andmost obviously,newbornchildrenarecompleyhelpless.Apartfromapowerfulcapacitytopayattentiontotheirhelplessnessbyusingsoun