路由器與路由協(xié)議課件

第四章路由器與路由協(xié)議路由器的功能與特性路由器的工作原理路由器的基本組成路由器的初始配置與管理第四章路由器與路由協(xié)議路由器的功能與特性第四章路由器與路由協(xié)議路由選擇概述啟動靜態(tài)路由路由協(xié)議與算法典型路由協(xié)議的配置第四章路由器與路由協(xié)議路由選擇概述第四章路由器的功能路由處理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)包其它

－訪問控制－廣播/組播控制－WAN接入第四章路由器的功能路由處理路由器的工作原理檢查收到的包->解析目的地址并查找路由表->TTL-1->發(fā)送RoutingTableNETINTMetric124S0S0E01001.04.01.3E04.3S02.2E02.1S01.2RoutingTableNETINTMetric124E0S0S0001路由器的工作原理檢查收到的包->解析目的地址并查找路由表->路由器的工作原理路由表包含路由器直連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和學(xué)習(xí)到的目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可依據(jù)拓樸的變化調(diào)整RoutedProtocol:IP

Network

ProtocolDestination

NetworkExitInterfaceE0

S0

Connected

Learned

S0E0路由器的工作原理路由表包含路由器直連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和學(xué)習(xí)到的目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由器的基本組成（硬件）CPU（中央處量單元）：負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行用戶命令Flashmemory（閃存）：一種可擦寫可編程的ROM內(nèi)存。在許多路由器上，閃存可用來存放操作系統(tǒng)的鏡像和路由器的配置文件副本。ROM（只讀存儲器）：加電診斷，引導(dǎo)操作系統(tǒng)軟件。RAM（隨機(jī)存儲器）：存放路由表、執(zhí)行分組緩沖，以及在路由器運(yùn)行時為路由器配置文件提供內(nèi)存I/Oport（輸入/輸出端口）：IP包進(jìn)入和退出路由器的接口路由器的基本組成（硬件）CPU（中央處量單元）：負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行用戶路由器的基本組成（軟件）操作系統(tǒng)的鏡像文件配置文件。路由器的基本組成（軟件）操作系統(tǒng)的鏡像文件路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第一代：共享總線式CPU內(nèi)存網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡總線路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第一代：共享總線式CPU內(nèi)存網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第二代：多處理器共享總線式CPU內(nèi)存緩存總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡從處理器緩存從處理器緩存從處理器路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第二代：多處理器共享總線式CPU內(nèi)存緩存路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第三代：多處理器交換式CPU內(nèi)存緩存網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡從處理器緩存從處理器緩存從處理器交換結(jié)構(gòu)路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第三代：多處理器交換式CPU內(nèi)存緩存網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第四代：多轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎同時處理主路由處理器共享內(nèi)存交叉開關(guān)陣列網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第四代：多轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎同時處理主路由處理器網(wǎng)制約路由器性能的因素處理器的處理能力內(nèi)存大小訪問速度內(nèi)部交換模塊帶寬制約路由器性能的因素處理器的處理能力路由器的初始配置與管理熟悉配置界面及幫助系統(tǒng)察看系統(tǒng)信息察看配置文件察看終端線察看接口狀態(tài)路由器的初始配置與管理熟悉配置界面及幫助系統(tǒng)路由器的初始配置與管理清除舊配置設(shè)置主機(jī)名設(shè)置密碼配置接口Telnet的使用與管理配置文件與操作系統(tǒng)映像文件的管理路由器的初始配置與管理清除舊配置Unconfiguredversusconfiguredrouter ---SystemConfigurationDialog---

Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yes

Atanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.

Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.

Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.

Setupmodewg_ro_ccon0isnowavailablePressRETURNtogetstarted.User-modepromptwg_ro_c>BootUpOutputfromtheRouterConsoleUnconfiguredversusconfiguredSetup:TheInitial

ConfigurationDialogRouter#setup---SystemConfigurationDialog---Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yAtanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.Basicmanagementsetupconfiguresonlyenoughconnectivityformanagementofthesystem,extendedsetupwillaskyoutoconfigureeachinterfaceonthesystemWouldyouliketoenterbasicmanagementsetup?[yes/no]:nSetup:TheInitial

ConfiguratSetupInterfaceSummaryFirst,wouldyouliketoseethecurrentinterfacesummary?[yes]:InterfaceIP-AddressOK?MethodStatusProtocolBRI0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownBRI0:1unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownBRI0:2unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownEthernet0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownSerial0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownInterfacesfoundduringstartupSetupInterfaceSummaryFirst,

SetupGlobalParametersInitialglobalparametersConfiguringglobalparameters:Enterhostname[Router]:wg_ro_cTheenablesecretisapasswordusedtoprotectaccesstoprivilegedEXECandconfigurationmodes.Thispassword,afterentered,becomesencryptedintheconfiguration.Enterenablesecret:ciscoTheenablepasswordisusedwhenyoudonotspecifyanenablesecretpassword,withsomeoldersoftwareversions,andsomebootimages.Enterenablepassword:sanfranThevirtualterminalpasswordisusedtoprotectaccesstotherouteroveranetworkinterface.Entervirtualterminalpassword:sanjoseConfigureSNMPNetworkManagement?[no]:SetupGlobalParametersInitia

SetupGlobalParameters(cont.)Initialprotocolconfigurations

ConfigureLAT?[yes]:nConfigureAppleTalk?[no]:ConfigureDECnet?[no]:ConfigureIP?[yes]:ConfigureIGRProuting?[yes]:nConfigureRIProuting?[no]:ConfigureCLNS?[no]:ConfigureIPX?[no]:ConfigureVines?[no]:ConfigureXNS?[no]:ConfigureApollo?[no]:SetupGlobalParameters(contSetupInterfaceParametersBRIinterfaceneedsisdnswitch-typetobeconfiguredValidswitchtypesare:[0]none..........Onlyifyoudon'twanttoconfigureBRI.[1]basic-1tr6....1TR6switchtypeforGermany[2]basic-5ess....AT&T5ESSswitchtypefortheUS/Canada[3]basic-dms100..NorthernDMS-100switchtypeforUS/Canada[4]basic-net3....NET3switchtypeforUKandEurope[5]basic-ni......NationalISDNswitchtype[6]basic-ts013...TS013switchtypeforAustralia[7]ntt...........NTTswitchtypeforJapan[8]vn3...........VN3andVN4switchtypesforFranceChooseISDNBRISwitchType[2]:Configuringinterfaceparameters:DoyouwanttoconfigureBRI0(BRId-channel)interface?[no]:DoyouwanttoconfigureEthernet0interface?[no]:yConfigureIPonthisinterface?[no]:yIPaddressforthisinterface:3Subnetmaskforthisinterface[]:ClassAnetworkis,24subnetbits;maskis/24DoyouwanttoconfigureSerial0interface?[no]:SetupInterfaceParametersBRISetupScriptReviewandUseThefollowingconfigurationcommandscriptwascreated:hostnameRouterenablesecret5$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enablepasswordsanfranlinevty04passwordsanjosenosnmp-server!noappletalkroutingnodecnetroutingiproutingnoclnsroutingnoipxroutingnovinesroutingnoxnsroutingnoapolloroutingisdnswitch-typebasic-5essinterfaceBRI0shutdownnoipaddress!interfaceEthernet0noshutdownipaddress1nomopenabled!interfaceSerial0shutdownnoipaddress<textomitted>end[0]GototheIOScommandpromptwithoutsavingthisconfig.[1]Returnbacktothesetupwithoutsavingthisconfig.[2]Savethisconfigurationtonvramandexit.Enteryourselection[2]:SetupScriptReviewandUseTheConsolewg_ro_c>wg_ro_c>enablewg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#disablewg_ro_c>wg_ro_c>logoutwg_ro_ccon0isnowavailablePressRETURNtogetstarted.UsermodepromptPrivilegedmodepromptLoggingintotheRouterConsolewg_ro_c>wg_ro_ccon0isYoucanabbreviateacommandtothefewestcharactersthatmakeauniquecharacterstringRouterUserMode

CommandListwg_ro_c>?Execcommands:

access-enableCreateatemporaryAccess-Listentry

atmsigExecuteAtmSignallingCommands

cdChangecurrentdevice

clearResetfunctions

connectOpenaterminalconnection

dirListfilesongivendevice

disableTurnoffprivilegedcommands

disconnectDisconnectanexistingnetworkconnection

enableTurnonprivilegedcommands

exitExitfromtheEXEC

helpDescriptionoftheinteractivehelpsystem

latOpenalatconnection

lockLocktheterminal

loginLoginasaparticularuser

logoutExitfromtheEXEC

--More--Youcanabbreviateacommandtwg_ro_c#?Execcommands:access-enableCreateatemporaryAccess-Listentryaccess-profileApplyuser-profiletointerfaceaccess-templateCreateatemporaryAccess-ListentrybfeFormanualemergencymodessettingcdChangecurrentdirectoryclearResetfunctionsclockManagethesystemclockconfigureEnterconfigurationmodeconnectOpenaterminalconnectioncopyCopyfromonefiletoanotherdebugDebuggingfunctions(seealso'undebug')deleteDeleteafiledirListfilesonafilesystemdisableTurnoffprivilegedcommandsdisconnectDisconnectanexistingnetworkconnectionenableTurnonprivilegedcommandseraseEraseafilesystemexitExitfromtheEXEChelpDescriptionoftheinteractivehelpsystem--More--RouterPrivilegedMode

CommandListYoucancompleteacommandstringbytypingtheuniquecharacterstringthenpressingthetabkeywg_ro_c#?RouterPrivilegedModRouterCommandLine

HelpFacilitiesContext-SensitiveHelpConsoleErrorMessagesIdentifyproblemswithroutercommandsincorrectlyenteredsothatyoucanalterorcorrectthem.Allowsrecalloflongorcomplexcommandsorentriesforreentry,review,orcorrection.CommandHistoryBufferProvidesalistofcommandsandtheargumentsassociated

withaspecificcommand.

RouterCommandLine

HelpFaciRouterContext-SensitiveHelpRouter#clokTranslating"CLOK"%Unknowncommandorcomputername,orunabletofindcomputeraddressRouter#cl?clearclockRouter#clock%Incompletecommand.Router#clock?setSetthetimeanddateRouter#clockset%Incompletecommand.Router#<Ctrl-P>clockset?hh:mm:ssCurrentTime

SymbolictranslationCommandpromptingLastcommandrecallRouterContext-SensitiveHelpRRouterContext-SensitiveHelp(cont.)Router#clokTranslating"CLOK"%Unknowncommandorcomputername,orunabletofindcomputeraddressRouter#clearclockRouter#%Incompletecommand.Router#setSetthetimeanddateRouter#%Incompletecommand.Router#hh:mm:ssCurrentTimeRouter#clockset19:56:00%Incompletecommand.Router#clockset19:56:00?<1-31>DayofthemonthMONTHMonthoftheyearRouter#clockset19:56:00048^%Invalidinputdetectedatthe'^'markerRouter#clockset19:56:0004August%Incompletecommand.Router#clockset19:56:0004August?<1993-2035>YearCommand

promptingSyntaxcheckingCommand

promptingRouterContext-SensitiveHelp

(Automaticscrollingoflonglines).

<Ctrl-A>

Movetothebeginningofthecommandline.

<Ctrl-E>

Movetotheendofthecommandline.

<Esc-B>

Movebackoneword.

<Ctrl-F>

Moveforwardonecharacter.

<Ctrl-B>

Movebackonecharacter.

<Esc-F>

Moveforwardoneword.UsingEnhancedEditingCommands<Ctrl-D>Deleteasinglecharacter.

Router>$valueforcustomers,employees,andpartners. (AutomaticscrollingoCtrl-PorUparrowLast(previous)commandrecallCtrl-NorDownarrowMorerecentcommandrecallRouter>showhistoryShowcommandbuffercontentsRouter>terminalhistorysizelines

SetsessioncommandbuffersizeReviewingRouterCommandHistoryCtrl-PorUparrowLast(previoshowversionCommandwg_ro_a#showversionCiscoInternetworkOperatingSystemSoftwareIOS(tm)2500Software(C2500-JS-L),Version12.0(3),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)Copyright(c)1986-1999byciscoSystems,Inc.CompiledMon08-Feb-9918:18byphanguyeImagetext-base:0x03050C84,data-base:0x00001000ROM:SystemBootstrap,Version11.0(10c),SOFTWAREBOOTFLASH:3000BootstrapSoftware(IGS-BOOT-R),Version11.0(10c),RELEASESOFTWARE(fc1)wg_ro_auptimeis20minutesSystemrestartedbyreloadSystemimagefileis"flash:c2500-js-l_120-3.bin"(outputomitted)--More--Configurationregisteris0x2102

showversionCommandwg_ro_a#shViewingtheConfigurationConsoleIOSSetuputilityshowstartup-configshowrunning-configSetupsavestheconfigurationtoNVRAMConfigConfigRAMNVRAMViewingtheConfigurationConsoshowrunningandshowstartupCommandswg_ro_c#showstartup-configUsing1359outof32762bytes!version12.0! --More--wg_ro_c#showrunning-configBuildingconfiguration...

Currentconfiguration:

!

version12.0! --More--InNVRAMInRAMDisplaycurrentandsavedconfigurationshowrunningandshowstartupOverviewofRouterModesRouter(config)#Router>enableRouter#configtermExitCtrl-Z(end)UserEXECmodePrivilegedEXECmodeGlobalconfigurationmodeConfigurationModePromptInterface Router(config-if)#Subinterface Router(config-subif)#Controller Router(config-controller)#Line Router(config-line)#Router Router(config-router)#IPXrouter Router(config-ipx-router)#OverviewofRouterModesRouterSavingConfigurationswg_ro_c#wg_ro_c#copyrunning-configstartup-configDestinationfilename[startup-config]?Buildingconfiguration…wg_ro_c#CopythecurrentconfigurationtoNVRAMSavingConfigurationswg_ro_c#CConfiguringRouterIdentificationRouterNameRouter(config)#hostnamewg_ro_cwg_ro_c(config)#InterfaceDescriptionwg_ro_c(config)#interfaceethernet0wg_ro_c(config-if)#descriptionEngineeringLAN,Bldg.18ConfiguringRouterIdentificatRouter(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordciscoConsolePasswordVirtualTerminalPasswordRouter(config)#linevty04Router(config-line)#loginRouter(config-line)#passwordsanjoseEnablePasswordRouter(config)#enablepasswordciscoSecretPasswordRouter(config)#enablesecretsanfran

RouterPasswordConfiguration加密所有的密碼Router(config)#servicepassword-encryption Router(config)#lineconsole0COtherConsoleLineCommandsRouter(config)#lineconsole0Router(config-line)#exec-timeout00PreventsconsolesessiontimeoutOtherConsoleLineCommandsRouRouter(config)#interfacetypenumberRouter(config-if)#ConfiguringanInterfacetypeincludesserial,ethernet,tokenring,fddi,hssi,loopback,dialer,null,async,atm,bri,andtunnelnumberisusedtoidentifyindividualinterfacesRouter(config-if)#exitQuitfromcurrentinterfaceconfigurationmodeRouter(config)#interfacetypeslot/portRouter(config-if)#FormodularroutersRouter(config)#interfacetypeConfiguringaSerialInterfaceEnterglobal

configurationmodeRouter(config-if)#clockrate64000Router(config-if)#Router(config)#interfaceserial0Router(config-if)#Router#configuretermRouter(config)#Router(config-if)#bandwidth64Router(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#exitRouter#SpecifyinterfaceSetclockrate

(onDCEinterfaces

only)Setbandwidth

(recommended)ConfiguringaSerialInterfaceRouter#showinterfaceserial0Serial0isup,lineprotocolisupHardwareisHD64570Internetaddressis/24MTU1500bytes,BW64Kbit,DLY20000usec,rely255/255,load1/255EncapsulationHDLC,loopbacknotset,keepaliveset(10sec)Lastinput00:00:09,output00:00:04,outputhangneverLastclearingof"showinterface"countersneverInputqueue:0/75/0(size/max/drops);Totaloutputdrops:0Queueingstrategy:weightedfairOutputqueue:0/1000/64/0(size/maxtotal/threshold/drops)Conversations0/1/256(active/maxactive/maxtotal)ReservedConversations0/0(allocated/maxallocated)5minuteinputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec5minuteoutputrate0bits/sec,0packets/sec(outputomitted)

VerifyingYourChangesRouter#showinterfaceserial0DisablingorEnablinganInterfaceRouter#configuretermRouter(config)#interfaceserial0Router(config-if)#noshutdown%LINK-3-UPDOWN:InterfaceSeria0,changedstatetoup%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineProtocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoupEnablesaninterfacethatisadministrativelyshutdownRouter#configuretermRouter(config)#interfaceserial0Router(config-if)#shutdown%LINK-5-CHANGED:InterfaceSerial0,changedstatetoadministrativelydown%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN:LineprotocolonInterfaceSerial0,changedstatetodownAdministrativelyturnsoffaninterfaceDisablingorEnablinganInterRouter#showinterfacesserial1Serial1isup,lineprotocolisup

HardwareisHD64570

Description:64KbLinetoSanJose::::::::::::::::::Operational..................Connectionproblem...Interfaceproblem........Disabled......................Serial1isup,lineprotocolisupSerial1isup,lineprotocolisdownSerial1isdown,lineprotocolisdownSerial1isadministrativelydown,lineprotocolisdownKeepalivesCarrierDetectInterpretingInterfaceStatusRouter#showinterfacesserialSerialInterfaceshowcontrollerCommandRouter#showcontrollerserial0HDunit0,idb=0x121C04,driverstructureat0x127078buffersize1524HDunit0,V.35DTEcable

. . .ShowscabletypeofserialcablesSerialInterfaceshowcontrollRouterIPAddressConfigurationAssignsanaddressandsubnetmaskStartsIPprocessingonarouterinterfaceRouter(config-if)#ipaddressip-addresssubnet-maskRouterIPAddressConfiguratioUsingTelnettoConnecttoRemoteDevicesRemotedeviceSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterA#telnetTrying...Open-------------------------------------------------Catalyst1900ManagementConsoleCopyright(c)CiscoSystems,Inc.1993-1998Allrightsreserved.EnterpriseEditionSoftwareEthernetAddress:00-90-86-73-33-40PCANumber:73-2239-06PCASerialNumber:FAA02359H8KModelNumber:WS-C1924-ENSystemSerialNumber:FAA0237X0FQ..SwitchB>UsingTelnettoConnecttoRemViewingTelnetConnectionsSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterA#shsessionConnHostAddressByteIdleConnName101*200RouterA#shuserLineUserHost(s)IdleLocation*0con03211vty0idle1ViewingTelnetConnectionsSwitSuspendingaTelnetSessionSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1RouterB#<Ctrl-Shift-6>xRouterA#shsessionConnHostAddressByteIdleConnName101RouterA#resume1RouterB#SuspendingaTelnetSessionSwiRouterA#disconnectClosingconnectionto[confirm]RouterA#clearline11[confirm][OK]ClosingaTelnetSessionClosingasessionopenedbyaremotedeviceClosingthecurrentsessionopenedbyyouSwitchBRouterARouterBSwitchAS0S1ClosingaTelnetSessionClosinSourcesofConfigurationsConfigConfigConsoleRAMNVRAMNVRAMTerminalTFTPserverEraseStartcopyrunningstartupcopystartuprunning(merge)TFTP

serverBlank000000000000erase

startconfigterm(merge)copytftprun(merge)copytftpstartcopystarttftpcopyruntftpSourcesofConfigurationsConficopyruntftpandcopytftprunCommandswg_ro_a#copyrunning-configtftpAddressornameofremotehost[]?Destinationfilename[running-config]?wgroa.cfg.!!1684bytescopiedin13.300secs(129bytes/sec)

wg_ro_a#copytftprunning-configAddressornameofremotehost[]?Sourcefilename[]?wgroa.cfgDestinationfilename[running-config]?Accessingt/wgroa.cfg...Loadingwgroa.cfgfrom(viaEthernet0):![OK-1684/3072bytes]1684bytescopiedin17.692secs(99bytes/sec)

copyruntftpandcopytftpruCiscoIOSFileSystemsandDevicesRAMNVRAMTFTP

serverFlashflash:system:nvram:tftp:CiscoIOSFileSystemsandDevManagingIOSImagesNetworkserverFLASHRouterc2500-js-l_120-3.binNetwork

serverManagingIOSImagesNetworkFLASPreparingforaNetworkBackupImageRouterc2500-js-l_120-3.binNetwork

serverCheckaccesstotheserverCheckspaceavailableontheserverCheckfilenamingconventionCreatefileonserverifrequiredPreparingforaNetworkBackupwg_ro_a#showflashSystemflashdirectory:FileLengthName/status110084696c2500-js-l_120-3.bin[10084760bytesused,6692456available,16777216total]16384KbytesofprocessorboardSystemflash(ReadONLY)VerifyingMemoryandDecipheringImageFilenamesVerifyFlashmemoryhasroomfortheIOSimagewg_ro_a#showflashVerifyingMewg_ro_a#copyflashtftpSourcefilename[]?c2500-js-l_120-3.binAddressornameofremotehost[]?Destinationfilename[c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!<outputomitted>10084696bytescopiedin709.228secs(14223bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#CreatingaSoftwareImageBackupBackupcurrentfilespriortoupdatingFlashNetworkserverFLASHcopyflashtftpwg_ro_a#copyflashtftpCreatinwg_ro_a#copytftpflashAddressornameofremotehost[]?Sourcefilename[]?c2500-js-l_120-3.binDestinationfilename[c2500-js-l_120-3.bin]?Accessingt/c2500-js-l_120-3.bin...Eraseflash:beforecopying?[confirm]Erasingtheflashfilesystemwillremoveallfiles!Continue?[confirm]Erasingdevice...eeeee(outputomitted)...erasedEraseofflash:completeLoadingc2500-js-l_120-3.binfrom(viaEthernet0):!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(outputomitted)[OK-10084696/20168704bytes]Verifyingchecksum...OK(0x9AA0)10084696bytescopiedin309.108secs(32636bytes/sec)wg_ro_a#UpgradingtheImagefromtheNetNetworkserverFLASHwg_ro_a#copytftpflashUpgradi第四章路由器與路由協(xié)議路由器的功能與特性路由器的工作原理路由器的基本組成路由器的初始配置與管理第四章路由器與路由協(xié)議路由器的功能與特性第四章路由器與路由協(xié)議路由選擇概述啟動靜態(tài)路由路由協(xié)議與算法典型路由協(xié)議的配置第四章路由器與路由協(xié)議路由選擇概述第四章路由器的功能路由處理轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)包其它

－訪問控制－廣播/組播控制－WAN接入第四章路由器的功能路由處理路由器的工作原理檢查收到的包->解析目的地址并查找路由表->TTL-1->發(fā)送RoutingTableNETINTMetric124S0S0E01001.04.01.3E04.3S02.2E02.1S01.2RoutingTableNETINTMetric124E0S0S0001路由器的工作原理檢查收到的包->解析目的地址并查找路由表->路由器的工作原理路由表包含路由器直連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和學(xué)習(xí)到的目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可依據(jù)拓樸的變化調(diào)整RoutedProtocol:IP

Network

ProtocolDestination

NetworkExitInterfaceE0

S0

Connected

Learned

S0E0路由器的工作原理路由表包含路由器直連的網(wǎng)絡(luò)和學(xué)習(xí)到的目的網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由器的基本組成（硬件）CPU（中央處量單元）：負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行用戶命令Flashmemory（閃存）：一種可擦寫可編程的ROM內(nèi)存。在許多路由器上，閃存可用來存放操作系統(tǒng)的鏡像和路由器的配置文件副本。ROM（只讀存儲器）：加電診斷，引導(dǎo)操作系統(tǒng)軟件。RAM（隨機(jī)存儲器）：存放路由表、執(zhí)行分組緩沖，以及在路由器運(yùn)行時為路由器配置文件提供內(nèi)存I/Oport（輸入/輸出端口）：IP包進(jìn)入和退出路由器的接口路由器的基本組成（硬件）CPU（中央處量單元）：負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行用戶路由器的基本組成（軟件）操作系統(tǒng)的鏡像文件配置文件。路由器的基本組成（軟件）操作系統(tǒng)的鏡像文件路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第一代：共享總線式CPU內(nèi)存網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡總線路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第一代：共享總線式CPU內(nèi)存網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第二代：多處理器共享總線式CPU內(nèi)存緩存總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡從處理器緩存從處理器緩存從處理器路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第二代：多處理器共享總線式CPU內(nèi)存緩存路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第三代：多處理器交換式CPU內(nèi)存緩存網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡從處理器緩存從處理器緩存從處理器交換結(jié)構(gòu)路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第三代：多處理器交換式CPU內(nèi)存緩存網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第四代：多轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎同時處理主路由處理器共享內(nèi)存交叉開關(guān)陣列網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡網(wǎng)卡轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎路由器體系結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展第四代：多轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)引擎同時處理主路由處理器網(wǎng)制約路由器性能的因素處理器的處理能力內(nèi)存大小訪問速度內(nèi)部交換模塊帶寬制約路由器性能的因素處理器的處理能力路由器的初始配置與管理熟悉配置界面及幫助系統(tǒng)察看系統(tǒng)信息察看配置文件察看終端線察看接口狀態(tài)路由器的初始配置與管理熟悉配置界面及幫助系統(tǒng)路由器的初始配置與管理清除舊配置設(shè)置主機(jī)名設(shè)置密碼配置接口Telnet的使用與管理配置文件與操作系統(tǒng)映像文件的管理路由器的初始配置與管理清除舊配置Unconfiguredversusconfiguredrouter ---SystemConfigurationDialog---

Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yes

Atanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.

Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.

Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.

Setupmodewg_ro_ccon0isnowavailablePressRETURNtogetstarted.User-modepromptwg_ro_c>BootUpOutputfromtheRouterConsoleUnconfiguredversusconfiguredSetup:TheInitial

ConfigurationDialogRouter#setup---SystemConfigurationDialog---Continuewithconfigurationdialog?[yes/no]:yAtanypointyoumayenteraquestionmark'?'forhelp.Usectrl-ctoabortconfigurationdialogatanyprompt.Defaultsettingsareinsquarebrackets'[]'.Basicmanagementsetupconfiguresonlyenoughconnectivityformanagementofthesystem,extendedsetupwillaskyoutoconfigureeachinterfaceonthesystemWouldyouliketoenterbasicmanagementsetup?[yes/no]:nSetup:TheInitial

ConfiguratSetupInterfaceSummaryFirst,wouldyouliketoseethecurrentinterfacesummary?[yes]:InterfaceIP-AddressOK?MethodStatusProtocolBRI0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownBRI0:1unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownBRI0:2unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownEthernet0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownSerial0unassignedYESunsetadministrativelydowndownInterfacesfoundduringstartupSetupInterfaceSummaryFirst,

SetupGlobalParametersInitialglobalparametersConfiguringglobalparameters:Enterhostname[Router]:wg_ro_cTheenablesecretisapasswordusedtoprotectaccesstoprivilegedEXECandconfigurationmodes.Thispassword,afterentered,becomesencryptedintheconfiguration.Enterenablesecret:ciscoTheenablepasswordisusedwhenyoudonotspecifyanenablesecretpassword,withsomeoldersoftwareversions,andsomebootimages.Enterenablepassword:sanfranThevirtualterminalpasswordisusedtoprotectaccesstotherouteroveranetworkinterface.Entervirtualterminalpassword:sanjoseConfigureSNMPNetworkManagement?[no]:SetupGlobalParametersInitia

SetupGlobalParameters(cont.)Initialprotocolconfigurations

ConfigureLAT?[yes]:nConfigureAppleTalk?[no]:ConfigureDECnet?[no]:ConfigureIP?[yes]:ConfigureIGRProuting?[yes]:nConfigureRIProuting?[no]:ConfigureCLNS?[no]:ConfigureIPX?[no]:ConfigureVines?[no]:ConfigureXNS?[no]:ConfigureApollo?[no]:SetupGlobalParameters(contSetupInterfaceParametersBRIinterfaceneedsisdnswitch-typetobeconfiguredValidswitchtypesare:[0]none..........Onlyifyoudon'twanttoconfigureBRI.[1]basic-1tr6....1TR6switchtypeforGermany[2]basic-5ess....AT&T5ESSswitchtypefortheUS/Canada[3]basic-dms100..NorthernDMS-100switchtypeforUS/Canada[4]basic-net3....NET3switchtypeforUKandEurope[5]basic-ni......NationalISDNswitchtype[6]basic-ts013...TS013switchtypeforAustralia[7]ntt...........NTTswitchtypeforJapan[8]vn3...........VN3andVN4switchtypesforFranceChooseISDNBRISwitchType[2]:Configuringinterfaceparameters:DoyouwanttoconfigureBRI0(BRId-channel)interface?[no]:DoyouwanttoconfigureEthernet0interface?[no]:yConfigureIPonthisinterface?[no]:yIPaddressforthisinterface:3Subnetmaskforthisinterface[]:ClassAnetworkis,24subnetbits;maskis/24DoyouwanttoconfigureSerial0interface?[no]:SetupInterfaceParametersBRISetupScriptReviewandUseThefollowingconfigurationcommandscriptwascreated:hostnameRouterenablesecret5$1$/CCk$4r7zDwDNeqkxFO.kJxC3G0enablepasswordsanfranlinevty04passwordsanjosenosnmp-server!noappletalkroutingnodecnetroutingiproutingnoclnsroutingnoipxroutingnovinesroutingnoxnsroutingnoapolloroutingisdnswitch-typebasic-5essinterfaceBRI0shutdownnoipaddress!interfaceEthernet0noshutdown