2018英語全國卷閱讀理解詳解

2018英語全國卷閱讀理解詳解2018英語全國卷閱讀理解詳解2018英語全國卷閱讀理解詳解資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月2018英語全國卷閱讀理解詳解版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準(zhǔn):發(fā)布日期：2018年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語（閱讀理解）第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。AWashington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability–andthecherryblossoms–disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路線)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance

A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?

A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?

A.Citymaps. B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safetylights.解析：本篇文章講的是華盛頓舉辦的幾個自行車騎行活動，內(nèi)容較簡單。21.A.細節(jié)理解題。原文中Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability對應(yīng)題目中的bookinadvance。出題人喜歡將原文中的內(nèi)容進行同義詞或者同義句的替換，這一點考生要多加注意。22.D.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)設(shè)問快速定位其在原文中的位置，進行簡單排除即可得出答案。KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents…23.D.細節(jié)理解題。由設(shè)問中的atnight定位到WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour，然后由Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights得出答案。BGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,”sheexplains.“Ipay￡5foraportion(一份),butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries(系列節(jié)目),SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.24.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?

A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests. B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.25.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?

A.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher. B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters. D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs. B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation. D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepingFitbyEatingSmart B.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChef D.CookingWellforLess解析：本文是關(guān)于SusannaReid所創(chuàng)辦的一個新的節(jié)目SaveMoney:GoodFood的介紹，教人們在日常生活中怎樣用最少的錢做出美味的食物，CookingWellforLess，文章難度不大。B.推理判斷題。文章中sheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole–showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.還有后文中的Theeight-partseries都可以推出SusannaReid開辦了一個新的電視節(jié)目。C.細節(jié)理解題。InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste…可知MattTebbutt的作用是給SusannaReid提供建議。C.推理判斷題。定位到第四段…followsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealth可知，這一段主要講的是這檔節(jié)目的靈感來源，所以答案選C.D.主旨大意題。本文主要是對SaveMoney:GoodFood這檔節(jié)目的介紹，文章第一段showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget說明了這檔節(jié)目的目的，所以D選項正是對這句話的最好詮釋。CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400. C.About2,400. D.About1,200.31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.解析：本文主要講的是隨著人類的發(fā)展，語言的種類卻越來越少，很多語言已經(jīng)滅絕或者瀕臨滅絕，這是全球化和工業(yè)化帶來的副作用需要引起我們的重視。B.推理判斷題。本題的答案主要出自第一段，只要認真研讀，進行簡單的排除，答案不難選出。Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.這句話是答案的出處。C.詞義猜測題。詞語出自第二段。Dominant這個詞應(yīng)該是比較常見的，只要考生平時注意詞匯積累這個詞應(yīng)該能認識，所以我們在平時的英語學(xué)習(xí)中一定要注意詞匯的積累。假如不認識的話，后邊的例子中例舉了English,SpanishandChinese還有詞組takeover這些線索都可以幫助我們來猜測詞義。B推理判斷題。答案出自第三段Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.結(jié)合前面的Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.這兩句話就可以把答案推出來，6800和half是關(guān)鍵詞。C.主旨大意題。本篇文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，第一段是總領(lǐng)全文，提出觀點inrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing。第二段是解釋原因，第三段是對現(xiàn)狀的介紹，第四段是舉例子。所以答案很容易選出。本篇文章考生可以注意出題人的出題范圍，前三題分別出自前三段，第四題是對全文的考查，這也是出題人出題的一個暗含的線索，考生應(yīng)該多加關(guān)注。DWemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)outdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachThismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-set-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices–wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoublingduringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案)Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenerg