高考閱讀理解(main-idea)(課堂)課件

高三英語專題復習HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意題?1高三英語專題復習HowToGetTheMainId1.主旨大意2.猜測詞義3.推理判斷4.細節(jié)理解5.觀點態(tài)度6.篇章結構題型及解題技巧21.主旨大意2.猜測詞義3.推理判斷4.細節(jié)理解5.觀點態(tài)度

主旨大意

考查考生技巧加工與濃縮信息的能力3主旨大意考查考生技巧加工與濃縮信息的能力3

Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext/passage?Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarize/sumupthemainideaofthepassage?.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas_____.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?Doyouknowthefollowingsentences?4Doyouknowthefollowingsent

8.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?9.Thetopicofthispassageis____.10.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto____.11.Thepassageismeantto____.12.Theauthor’spurposeistoshow____.13.Thepurposeofthearticleisto_____.Doyouknowthefollowingsentences?5DoyouknowthefollowingsentThepositionofthe

topicsentenceAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentence6Thepositionofthe

topicsen

Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld.topicsentence

？______________________________________________________________________Sample17

主題句呈現的形式主題句出現在文章或段落開頭時，先提出主題,隨之用細節(jié)來解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想.最常見的演繹法寫作方式。A.文首8主題句呈現的形式主題句出現在文章或段落開頭時，先提出主題,Somesupermarketshaveaspecialwayofgettingpeopletocometothebakerycounters.Sometimestheyspraya“cakesmell”intotheair.Atothertimestheyspraythefreshsmellofbakingbread.Thesesmellsareenoughtomakepeople’smouthswater.Thecustomersthenracemadlytothecountertobuycakes,bread,rolls,andotherbakedgoods.Q:Themainideaoftheparagraphis_____.A.whatcakessmelllike B.whybakeriesmakemoneyC.howpeopleareattractedtobakerycounters D.whatbakerycountersinsupermarketssellExercise(A)

9Somesupermarketshavea

Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Sample2topicsentence

？10Sample2topicsentence？主題句出現在文章或段落結尾時，在表述細節(jié)后,歸納要點,印象,結論建議或結果,以概括主題.這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式。B.文尾11主題句出現在文章或段落結尾時，在表述細節(jié)后,歸納要點,印AtthistimethestateofSouthCarolinawashavinghardtimes.Yearafteryearthesoilhadbeenplantedwiththesamecrop.Itwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves,andtheplantersknewlittleaboutsoilconservation.Becausethesoilwasbeginningtowearout,cropsweresmaller.TheyoungerpeoplewerenotsatisfiedtoraisecottononthepoorsoiloftheoldSouth.Manyofthemmovedwestwardsandstartedcottonplantations(種植園)inAlabamaandMississippi.Whatwasmore,somuchcottonhadbeenshippedtothefactoriesinEnglandandNewEnglandthattheyhadasmuchcottonastheycoulduse.Thisbroughtthepriceofcottondown.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations,andhigherandhigherpricesweredemandedforthem.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.

Exercise(B)

12

1.Thesubjectofthispassageis______.A.economicdifficultiesofSouthCarolinaB.thattheplantersknewnothingaboutfarmingC.thatthesoilinSouthCarolinawasnotgreatD.thecausesofhardtimesinSouthCarolina2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescansummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.B.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.C.Thesoilwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves.D.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations.131.Thesubjectofthispassage

Ifyouhadn’tknownthem,youwouldhavethoughtJoeandJimwerequitealike.Theywerebothtallandworelongandfairhair.Theybothwalkedwithasteadystride(堅定的步伐).Theybothspokeinadeepvoicethatmadethemselvesseemmucholderthantheyreallywere.Bothofthemworedarkclothesasarule,andtheylikedlightcolourties.Butthatwasallthelikenesstheyhad.Inotherthingstheyweresharplydifferent.Joewasconsiderateandhelpful,andeveryonelikedhim.Jim,however,wasveryselfishandoftenflaredintoterribleanger(勃然大怒)atlittlethingsthatdispleasedhim.AlikeasJoeandJimwereonthesurface,theywerereallyverydifferentinnature.Exercise(C)

14Ifyouhadn’tknownthem,Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.JoeandJimarealikeineverything. B.JoeandJimaretwins.C.JoeandJimaredifferentinnature.D.JoeandJimarealikeindressingbutdifferentinnature.15Q:Whatisthemainideaofth

Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature’sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica’sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison（北美野牛）,poisonedtheprairiedogs（草原犬鼠）,andshotthecoyotes（郊狼）.Allthisupsetthearea’sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.topicsentence?Sample316

WethinkofafloodC.文中

當主題句出現在文中時，通常前面只提出問題，然后由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出主題,而后又作進一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展。17C.文中當主題句出現在文中時，通常前面只提出問題，然Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabulletisshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimetoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesnotstayupforever.Finally,likeeveryoneelse,theplanemustcomedown.Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.Aballfallsdownlikeabullet.B.Anythingthatgoesupmustfalldown.C.Aplanetravelsinthesamewayasabullet.D.Everythinghasweight.

Exercise(D)

18Whenyou

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.Exercise(E)

19Q:Whichofthefollowing

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailSample4topicsentence?20

Tomstudiedfouryears

即主題句隱含在全文中,沒有明確的主題句.必須根據文篇中所提供的事實細節(jié)，進行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬泛，要恰如其分。D.無主題句21即主題句隱含在全文中,沒有明確的主題句.必須根

Wouldn’titbeterrible,ifwedidn’thavegrass?Wewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil.Canyouguesswhatourplaygroundswouldlooklike?Onarainydaywewouldgetallmuddy.Onadrydaywewouldbreathscloudsofdust.Q:Thestorymainlytells______.A.whyweneedrainB.howgrassiskeptgreenC.howgrasshelpsusD.withoutgrasswewouldhavetowalkonbaresoilExercise(F)

22Wouldn’titbeterrible,i

Q:Themainideaofthispassageis___.A.arobberrobbedashopB.Mr.BrownandMr.TaylorfoughtagainstarobberC.nonebutthebravecanwinvictoryD.JohnTaylorwasabravemanExercise(G)

23Q:ThemainideaofthisQ.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AchildhoodDream. B.AMother’sLove.C.AGraduationParty. D.ASpecialBirthday.

Exercise(H)

Q:Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.A.showtheimportanceofwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthemExercise(I)

24Q.WhichofthefollowingwoulQ:Theauthorwrotethisarticleinorderto_____.A.tellusthatitisn’tgoodtokeepfeelinginsideB.giveussomeadviceonhowtoexpressourfeelingsC.makeusfacetheproblemthatwehavetodealwithfeelingsD.makeusknowthatitisn’talwayswisetoexpressourfeelingsfreelyExercise(J)

25Q:Theauthorwrotethisartic如何做主旨大意題

做此類題目時，第一：要搞清是問某一段還是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息來把握文脈，進行綜合歸納，概括文章的主題。如有標題，標題中的蘊含的信息往往是關鍵信息。第二：任何一篇文章都是圍繞某個主題展開的，因此，許多文章中最明顯的特點之一是有一個反復出現的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。Summary26如何做主旨大意題做此類題目時，第一：要搞清是

第三:要學會借助文章的結構來把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主題句(Topicsentence)來表達。主題句常常出現在段首(60%--90%)或段尾處,有時也在段落中間。同樣,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在開始段或結尾段點出。因此,在閱讀中,我們要對文章的開始段和結尾段及段落的主題句給予特別的注意。27第三:要學會借助文章的結構來把握中心思想。段落中心思干擾項的陷阱1.以偏概全，干擾項故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出現過的某一個觀點當成整篇文章的主題。2.放大或縮小文章的主題，把文章的主題進行放大或者縮小。3.偷換概念，文章講的主題被換成相關但不同的主題。28干擾項的陷阱1.以偏概全，干擾項故意片面地理解文章，把文章中解題方法Techniques1.正向法：速讀文章，找主題句或自己概括主題，從選項中找出最符合的。2.逆向法：假設題目中的選項為標題，其寫法是否與所給文章一致。3.統計法：有些段落文章有多個句子段落，各句段主題可能完全不同，此時應選擇涉及最多的選項。29解題方法Techniques1.正向法：速讀文章，找主題高三英語專題復習HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意題?30高三英語專題復習HowToGetTheMainId1.主旨大意2.猜測詞義3.推理判斷4.細節(jié)理解5.觀點態(tài)度6.篇章結構題型及解題技巧311.主旨大意2.猜測詞義3.推理判斷4.細節(jié)理解5.觀點態(tài)度

主旨大意

考查考生技巧加工與濃縮信息的能力32主旨大意考查考生技巧加工與濃縮信息的能力3

Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext/passage?Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarize/sumupthemainideaofthepassage?.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas_____.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?Doyouknowthefollowingsentences?33Doyouknowthefollowingsent

8.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?9.Thetopicofthispassageis____.10.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto____.11.Thepassageismeantto____.12.Theauthor’spurposeistoshow____.13.Thepurposeofthearticleisto_____.Doyouknowthefollowingsentences?34DoyouknowthefollowingsentThepositionofthe

topicsentenceAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentence35Thepositionofthe

topicsen

Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld.topicsentence

？______________________________________________________________________Sample136

主題句呈現的形式主題句出現在文章或段落開頭時，先提出主題,隨之用細節(jié)來解釋,支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達的主題思想.最常見的演繹法寫作方式。A.文首37主題句呈現的形式主題句出現在文章或段落開頭時，先提出主題,Somesupermarketshaveaspecialwayofgettingpeopletocometothebakerycounters.Sometimestheyspraya“cakesmell”intotheair.Atothertimestheyspraythefreshsmellofbakingbread.Thesesmellsareenoughtomakepeople’smouthswater.Thecustomersthenracemadlytothecountertobuycakes,bread,rolls,andotherbakedgoods.Q:Themainideaoftheparagraphis_____.A.whatcakessmelllike B.whybakeriesmakemoneyC.howpeopleareattractedtobakerycounters D.whatbakerycountersinsupermarketssellExercise(A)

38Somesupermarketshavea

Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Sample2topicsentence

？39Sample2topicsentence？主題句出現在文章或段落結尾時，在表述細節(jié)后,歸納要點,印象,結論建議或結果,以概括主題.這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式。B.文尾40主題句出現在文章或段落結尾時，在表述細節(jié)后,歸納要點,印AtthistimethestateofSouthCarolinawashavinghardtimes.Yearafteryearthesoilhadbeenplantedwiththesamecrop.Itwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves,andtheplantersknewlittleaboutsoilconservation.Becausethesoilwasbeginningtowearout,cropsweresmaller.TheyoungerpeoplewerenotsatisfiedtoraisecottononthepoorsoiloftheoldSouth.Manyofthemmovedwestwardsandstartedcottonplantations(種植園)inAlabamaandMississippi.Whatwasmore,somuchcottonhadbeenshippedtothefactoriesinEnglandandNewEnglandthattheyhadasmuchcottonastheycoulduse.Thisbroughtthepriceofcottondown.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations,andhigherandhigherpricesweredemandedforthem.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.

Exercise(B)

41

1.Thesubjectofthispassageis______.A.economicdifficultiesofSouthCarolinaB.thattheplantersknewnothingaboutfarmingC.thatthesoilinSouthCarolinawasnotgreatD.thecausesofhardtimesinSouthCarolina2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescansummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.B.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.C.Thesoilwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves.D.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations.421.Thesubjectofthispassage

Ifyouhadn’tknownthem,youwouldhavethoughtJoeandJimwerequitealike.Theywerebothtallandworelongandfairhair.Theybothwalkedwithasteadystride(堅定的步伐).Theybothspokeinadeepvoicethatmadethemselvesseemmucholderthantheyreallywere.Bothofthemworedarkclothesasarule,andtheylikedlightcolourties.Butthatwasallthelikenesstheyhad.Inotherthingstheyweresharplydifferent.Joewasconsiderateandhelpful,andeveryonelikedhim.Jim,however,wasveryselfishandoftenflaredintoterribleanger(勃然大怒)atlittlethingsthatdispleasedhim.AlikeasJoeandJimwereonthesurface,theywerereallyverydifferentinnature.Exercise(C)

43Ifyouhadn’tknownthem,Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.JoeandJimarealikeineverything. B.JoeandJimaretwins.C.JoeandJimaredifferentinnature.D.JoeandJimarealikeindressingbutdifferentinnature.44Q:Whatisthemainideaofth

Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature’sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica’sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison（北美野牛）,poisonedtheprairiedogs（草原犬鼠）,andshotthecoyotes（郊狼）.Allthisupsetthearea’sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.topicsentence?Sample345

WethinkofafloodC.文中

當主題句出現在文中時，通常前面只提出問題，然后由隨之陳述的細節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導出主題,而后又作進一步的解釋,支撐或發(fā)展。46C.文中當主題句出現在文中時，通常前面只提出問題，然Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabulletisshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimetoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesnotstayupforever.Finally,likeeveryoneelse,theplanemustcomedown.Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.Aballfallsdownlikeabullet.B.Anythingthatgoesupmustfalldown.C.Aplanetravelsinthesamewayasabullet.D.Everythinghasweight.

Exercise(D)

47Whenyou

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.Exercise(E)

48Q:Whichofthefollowing

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailSample4topicsentence?49

Tomstudiedfouryears

即主題句隱含在全文中,沒有明確的主題句.必須根據文篇中所提供的事實細節(jié)，進行全面考慮，綜合分析，然后找出共同的東西，歸納成一般概念。必須注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括時過于寬泛，要恰如其分。D.無主題句50即主題句隱含在全文中,沒有明確的主題句.必須根

Wouldn’titbeterrible,ifwedidn’thavegrass?Wewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil.Canyouguesswhatourplaygroundswouldlooklike?