英語閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)練習(xí)題及答案

英語閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)練習(xí)題及答案一、高中英語閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1?閱讀理解Takealookatthefollowinglistofnumbers:4,8,5,3,7,9,6.Readthemloud.Nowlookawayandspend20secondsmemorizingtheminorderbeforesayingthemoutloudagain.IfyouspeakEnglish,youhaveabouta50%chanceofrememberingthoseperfectly.IfyouareChinese,though,youYealmostcertaintogetitrighteverytime.Whyisthat?Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.ThatexamplecomesfromStanislasDahaene'sbookTheNumberSense.AsDahaeneexplains:Chinesenumberwordsareremarkablybrief.Mostofthemcanbespokenoutinlessthanone-quarterofasecond(forinstance,4is“si”and7“qi”).TheirEnglishpronunciationsarelonger,memorygapbetweenEnglishandChineseapparentlyisentirelyduetothisdifferenceinlength.Itturnsoutthatthereisalsoabigdifferenceinhownumber-namingsystemsinWesternandAsianlanguagesareconstructed.InEnglish,wesayfourteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteenandnineteen,soonemightexpectthatwewouldalsosayoneteen,twoteen,threeteen,andfiveteen.Butwedon't.Weuseadifferentform:eleven,twelve,thirteenandfifteen.Fornumbersabove20,weputthe"decade“firstandtheunitnumbersecond-(otwne,ntywenty-two),whilefortheteens,wedoittheotherwayaround(fourteen,seventeen,eighteen).ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.Elevenisten-one.Twelveisten-two.Twenty-fouristwo-tens-fourandsoon.ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.Four-year-oldChinesechildrencancount,onaverage,to40.Americanchildrenatthatagecancountonlyto15.Bytheageoffive,inotherwords,AmericanchildrenarealreadyayearbehindtheirAsianfriendsinthemostfundamentalofmathskills.TheregularityoftheirnumbersystemalsomeansthatAsianchildrencanperformbasicfunctions,suchasaddition,farmoreeasily.AskanEnglish-speakingseven-year-oldtoaddthirtysevenplustwenty-twoinherhead,andshehastochangethewordstonumbers(37+22).Onlythencanshedothemath:2plus7is9and30and20is50,whichmakes59.AskanAsianchildtoaddthree-tens-sevenandtwo-tens-two,andthenthenecessaryequation(等式)isrightthere,inthesentence.Nonumbertranslationisnecessary:it'sfive-tens-nine.Whenitcomestomath,inotherwords,Asianshaveabuilt-inadvantage.Foryears,studentsfromChina,SouthKorea,andJapanoutperformedtheirWesternclassmatesatmathematics,andthetypicalassumptionisthatithassomethingtodowithakindofAsiantalentformath.ThedifferencesbetweenthenumbersystemsintheEastandtheWestsuggestsomethingverydifferent-thatbeinggoodatmathmayalsoberootedinagroup'sculture.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.TheAsiannumber-namingsystemhelpsgraspadvancedmathskillsbetter.Westernculturefailtoprovidetheirchildrenwithadequatenumberknowledge.ChildreninWesterncountrieshavetolearnbyheartthelearningthings.Asianchildren'sadvantageinmathmaybesourcedfromtheirculture.WhatmakesaChineseeasiertorememberalistofnumbersthananAmerican?A.Theirunderstandingofnumbers.B.TheirmothertonC.Theirmatheducation.gue*Asianchildrencanreachanswersinbasicmathfunctionsmorequicklybecausetheypronouncethenumbersinashorterperiodtheypracticemathfromanearlyagetheydon'thavetotranslateIanguageintonumbersfirstAmericanchildrencanonlycountto15attheageoffour【答案】(1)DBC【解析】【分析】本文為介紹說明文。文章介紹了東西方數(shù)字系統(tǒng)之間的差異對(duì)東西方人數(shù)學(xué)能力的影響，同時(shí)也發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)非常不同的地方：善于數(shù)學(xué)也可能植根于一個(gè)群體的文化中。(1)主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文介紹了東西方數(shù)字系統(tǒng)之間的差異對(duì)東西方人數(shù)學(xué)能力的影響。同時(shí)根據(jù)第三段中的ThenumbersysteminEnglishishighlyirregular.NotsoinChina,Japan,andKorea.Theyhavealogicalcountingsystem.(英語中的數(shù)字系統(tǒng)是高度不規(guī)則的。在中國、日本、韓國則不是這樣的。他們有一個(gè)邏輯計(jì)數(shù)系統(tǒng)。)及第四段中的ThatdifferencemeansthatAsianchildrenlearntocountmuchfasterthanAmericanchildren.(這種差異意味著亞洲兒童比美國兒童學(xué)的要快得多。)可推知，本文主要探討了亞洲兒童在數(shù)學(xué)方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)可能來源于他們的文化的問題。故選D。(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的Becausewemosteasilymemorizewhateverwecansayorreadwithinatwo-secondperiod.AndunlikeEnglish,theChineselanguageallowsthemtofitallthosesevennumbersintotwoseconds.(因?yàn)槲覀冏钊菀子涀∥覀冊(cè)谝粌擅腌妰?nèi)能說或讀的東西。與英語不同，漢語允許他們把這七個(gè)數(shù)字放在兩秒鐘之內(nèi))可推知，比起美國人，中國人的母語讓中國人更容易記住一列數(shù)字。故選B。(3)細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中對(duì)亞洲孩子與美國孩子在基本數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算方面的對(duì)比可知，亞洲兒童可以更快地在基本數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算中找到答案，是因?yàn)樗麄儾槐叵劝颜Z言翻譯成數(shù)字。故選C。2?閱讀理解It'snotanewphenomenon,buthaveyounoticedhowmanynounsarebeingusedasverbs?Weallusethem,oftenwithoutnoticingwhatwe'redoing.Iwasarrangingtomeetsomeonefordinnerlastweek,andIsaid'Tilpencilitinmydiary1',andmyfriendsaidHYoucaninkitin”，meaningthatitwasafirmarrangementnotatentativeone!Manyofthesenewverbsarelinkedtonewtechnology.Anobviousexampleisthewordfax.Weallgotusedtosendingandreceivingfaxes,andthensoonstartedtalkingaboutfaxingsomethingandpromisingwe'dfaxitimmediately.Thenalongcameemail,andweweresoonallemailingeachothermadly.Howdidwedowithoutit?Icanhardlyimaginelifewithoutmydailyemails.Emailremindsme,ofcourse,ofmycomputeranditssoftware,whichhasproducedanothercoupleofnewverbs.OnmycomputerIcanbookmarkthosepagesfromtheWorldWideWebthatIthinkniwanttolookatagain,thussavingalltheeffortofrememberingtheiraddressesandcallingthemupfromscratch.IcandothesamethingonmyPC,butthereIdon'tbookmark;Ifavorite—comingfrom"favoritepages”，sotheverbcomesfromanadjectivenotanoun.Nowmychildrenboughtmeamobilephone,knownsimplyasamobileandIhadtolearnyetmorenewverbs.Icanmessagesomeone,thatis,Icanleaveamessageforthemontheirphone.OrIcantextthem,writeafewwordssuggestingwhenandwheretomeet,forexample.HowlongwillitbebeforeIcanmobilethem,thatis,phonethemusingmymobile?Ihaven'theardthatverbyet,butrmsureIwillsoon.Perhapsnistartusingitmyself!fTIIpencilitinmydiaryninthesecondparagraphprobablymeansitwasafirmarrangementheprefersapenciltoapenthearrangementshouldbewrittenasadiaryitwasanuncertainarrangementAwebsiteaddresscanbeeasilyfoundifithasbeen.A.favoritedB.messagedC.emailedD.textedWhichofthefollowinghasnotbeenusedasaverbyet?A.messageB.mobileC.emailD.pageThebesttitleforthispassageis.TechnologyandLanguage.DevelopmentoftheEnglishIanguageNewTechnologyandNewwordsNewVerbsfromNouns【答案】(1)DABD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過多個(gè)例子告訴我們很多名詞都已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成了動(dòng)詞。說明詞匯是并不斷的在變化?？疾橥评砼袛唷８鶕?jù)第二段中的“meaningthatitwasafirmarrangementnotatentativeone!，用鉛筆寫意為著不是最終的決定，只是臨時(shí)的決定，故選DoTOC\o"1-5"\h\z考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的"Ifavorite—comingfromfavoritepages',sotheverbisderivedfromanadjectivenotanoun.我把這些網(wǎng)站設(shè)置成我最喜歡的網(wǎng)站，通過這種方法可以讓我很快就找到這些網(wǎng)站。故選A?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“andweweresoonallemailingeachothermadly.；第”四段中的“Ifavorite—comingfrom'favoritepages',sotheverbisderivedfromanadjectivenotanoun.；以及最后一段中的“canmessagesomeone”說明ACD都可以作為動(dòng)詞，只有B項(xiàng)文章沒有提及可以作為動(dòng)詞，故選B。(4)考查主旨大意。本文通過多個(gè)例子告訴我們很多名詞都已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成了動(dòng)詞，故選Do【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3?閱讀理解Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis1artculture.JazzclubsaroundthecitystillhostconcertswithlocaljazzmusicianslikeRobDixonandJoelTucker.Oneoftheseclubs,theChatterboxJazzClub,stillhaslivejazzsevennightsaweek.ButtherealhistoryofjazzinIndyismuchlesssimple.AlongwiththeAvenue'sculture,jazzmusicwasgonefromthestreetsformanyyears.IndianaAvenuewastheheartofaneighborhoodalongtheWhiteRiver.Itwasacenterforblackmusicandlivestreetmusic.Thewealthyavoidedthisarea.Soitbecameaplacethatpoorerfamilies,includingmanyAfrican-Americanandimmigrant(移民)families,movedto.JazzprosperedinthemixofAmericanculturesaroundtheAvenueinthe1930sand1940s.Butinthe1950s,thingschanged.Afterthewar,therewereprojectstomakethecitybeautifulandbuildauniversitynearby.Bothoftheseseemedlikegoodchanges.However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.Aftermanyyears,Indianapolisrememberedthevalueofitsartsandmusicculture.ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.Thechangesineludedrepair!nghistoricareasliketheAvenue.Onceagain,thehighlivingcostsinthesehistoricartsareaspushedlow-incomefamiliesout.Todaythereareseveralold-stylejazzclubswherefriendscanmeetuptorememberthepastorjustenjoyasummerevening.Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow(影子)ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.WhatdoestheauthormainlywanttosayinParagraph1?Jazzclubscanmakebigmoney.Jazzmusiciansoftenholdconcerts.JazzmusicispopularinIndianapolis.JazzcultureisjustpartofIndianapolis1culture.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prospered"inParagraph4mean?A.Disappearedquickly.B.Arrivedsoon.C.Recoveredsoon.D.Developedwell.WhatdidIndianapolisdotobringbackitslostculture?Itrebuiltsomeoldimportantareas.Itinvitedoldjazzmusicianstosinginthecity.Iteducatedpeopleaboutthevalueofmusicculture.Itsettledlow-incomefamiliesintheIndianaAvenuecommunity,(4)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutmodernIndyjazzistrue?Itshomecultureisgone.Itsstylesaretootraditional.Itshowsthesadnessofthepoor.Itisnolongerafavoriteoftheyoung.【答案】(1)CDAA【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，2019年爵士樂仍然是印第安納波利斯藝術(shù)文化的重要組成部分，但是它的本土文化消失了。(1)考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Nowin2019,jazzmusicisanimportantpartofIndianapolis'artculture.現(xiàn)”在到了2019年，爵士樂是印第安納波利斯藝術(shù)文化的重要組成部分?？芍?，第一段主要是介紹了爵士樂在印第安納波利斯很受歡迎。故選Co考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中中的“Butnthe1950s,thingschanged???However,thenewuniversityandbuildingscausedpoorerfamiliestohavetoleavethearea.ThisdestroyedtheIndianaAvenuecommunity-andwithit,itsjazzculture.但在20世”紀(jì)50年代，情況發(fā)生了變化。然而，新的大學(xué)和建筑使得貧困家庭不得不離開這個(gè)地區(qū)。這摧毀了印第安納大道社區(qū)，也隨之摧毀了它的爵士樂文化?？芍D(zhuǎn)折詞but之后描述了爵士樂的衰落，因此推測(cè)出劃線詞prospered意為“興盛、蓬勃發(fā)展”。故選D?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ItbegantobringbacklostculturessuchaslivemusicontheAvenue.Todoso,itbegantomakenewchanges.ThechangesincludedrepairinghistoricareasliketheAvenue."它開始帶回失落的文化，比如大街上的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)音樂。為此，它開始做出新的改變。這些改變包括修復(fù)像TheAvenue這樣的歷史街區(qū)。可知，它重建了一些舊的重要區(qū)域。故選A。考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Itmightseematfirstthatjazzisaliveagain,butthereisasadrealitybehindthesejazzclubs:ModernIndyjazzisonlyashadow(影子)ofthelivelyculturethatwasonceonIndianaAvenue.乍一看，爵士”似乎又活了起來，但在這些爵士樂俱樂部背后卻有一個(gè)可悲的現(xiàn)實(shí)：現(xiàn)代印地安那爵士樂只是曾經(jīng)活躍在印第安納大道上的文化的一個(gè)影子?？芍羰繕返谋就廖幕Я?。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4?閱讀理解Onhearingthewords,Justdoit!”，youwillknowthereisaNikeproductnearby.IfifsCoca-Cola”,youcanbesuresomeonewantstosellyouarefreshingdrink.Anadvertisingslogan(廣告標(biāo)語)istoabrandwhateyesaretoaperson.Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinsidepeople'sminds.It'salmostcertainthateverybrandhasapopularslogan.Hereareafewexamples:HJustdoit!H-Thissloganspeaksouttoteens.Ittellsthemtodosomething,butonlyiftheythinkifsworthit.Andifso,whynotdoitwearingNike?HAlwaysCoca-Cola."-Coke'ssloganschangeeveryfewyears,butthisonehasenjoyedalastingpopularitybecauseitshowsthebrand'sspirit.Itseemstosay"Cokeistheonlydrinkthereis;therearenootherformsofdrinks.HHSharemoments,sharelife."-ThissloganfromKodakconnectsphotosandbeauty.Itaskspeopletorememberthehappymomentsinlifebytakingphotosofthem-usinqKodakfilmofcourse!Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?JustDoIt!SloganAndBrandFamousSlogansWhatIsAGoodSlogan?Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedsentence(paragraph2)?Agoodadvertisingsloganshoulddrawpeople'sattention.Abrandshouldhaveanadvertisingsloganjustaspeoplehaveeyes.Anadvertisingsloganisasimportanttoabrandaseyesaretoaperson.Anadvertisingsloganactsastheeyesofabrand.ThewordnthemHinthelastparagraphrefersto.peoplethehappymomentsphotosandbeautyKodakfilmWhichofthefollowingtablescanbestmatchthesloganswiththeirbrands?SI0|3inKrandObtfyjfaur(hind.VblksuAcnITanyoriccan,Canoncan.E:asteniAirlinesThe*ingsofnum.CaAtoWalchesDriverswauled.jobwor1d.co.ukTcclinoloEyforlife.SpriteIJIownlodddbetLertbtufe.CaronSloganObeyyourihirst.iranyonccan*Canoecan?Thewingsofman.SloganObeyyourihirst.iranyonccan*Canoecan?Thewingsofman.Driverswanted.TechnoloqyforlileDownleadabetterfuture.Brand(*anonVolkswiigtnEaslemAirlines■(*asiowatvlicsjobworldxo.ukSprikSloganRrandObeyyt>urihirii.VolksuagenIfanyonecan,Cancncan.E:asternAirlinesTh#"i”盟5ofn】timCasii)WaivhtsDriverswanted.jobworldxo.ukTxhnobgyforlife.SpriteDownloadubelterlb[ure.CanonSloganObeyyourthirsi.Ifanyonecan.Canoncan,1heingarn;tn.BrandSpriteCanon1AsternAirlinesD.Driverswarted.TechnologyforlifeDownloadabetterfuture.VokswagenWatchesjobworldxoAik案】c(2)(3)【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了品牌與標(biāo)語之間的關(guān)系?？疾橹髦即笠?。根據(jù)第一段中的“Onhearingthewords'Justdoit!*,youw川knowthereisaNikeproductnearby.Ifit's'AlwaysCoeCola',youcanbesuresomeonewantstosellyouarefreshingdrink.介紹了品牌與標(biāo)語之間的關(guān)系，下文舉了幾個(gè)例子，故選B?？疾榫淞x猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinsidepeople'sminds.標(biāo)語幫助人們更好地理解品牌，告訴他們它想賣給顧客什么。好的標(biāo)語在人們的頭腦中留下了一個(gè)信息?？芍?，使用“Anadvertisingslogan(廣告標(biāo)語)istoabrandwhateyesaretoaperson.作者把標(biāo)語對(duì)于品牌的作用比作眼睛對(duì)于人的作用，也就是說廣告標(biāo)語對(duì)一個(gè)品牌和眼睛對(duì)一個(gè)人一樣重要。故選Co考查代詞指代。根據(jù)最后一段中"Itaskspeopletorememberthehappymomentsinlifebytakingphotosofthem-usingKodakfilmofcourse!可知Them指的是前文的“happymoments''。故選B?？疾橥评砼袛唷８鶕?jù)第二段中的“Thesloganhelpspeopleunderstandthebrandbetterbytellingthemwhatitwantstoselltoitscustomers.Goodslogansleaveamessageinsidepeople'sminds.(標(biāo)語幫助人彳門更好地理解品牌，告訴他們它想賣給顧客什么。好的標(biāo)語在人們的頭腦中留下了一個(gè)信息?？芍?，表格中的第一條“Obeyyourthirst服從你的渴望，標(biāo)語當(dāng)中的“thirst有，口渴的意思，故可能跟飲料有關(guān)；根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，這是飲料雪碧的廣告語。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選Do【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)，句義猜測(cè)和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5?閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Climatechangeisperhapsthekeyissueofourtime.Often,however,itispresentedtousasbeingsoabstractthatitseemsimpossiblydistant.Forthoseofyoulookingforsometh!ngalittlemoreconcrete,anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.Thereport,putoutbyTheClimateInstitute,describestheeffectsofclimatechangeonvariouscoffee-growingnationsandtheresultanteffectsontheplantsandthosewhogrowthem.CoffeeArabicaplants,whichproduce70%ofallcommercialcoffee,canbeadverselyaffectedbyevenahalfdegreechangeintypicalweatherconditions.Thissensitivitytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.InCentralAmericatheaveragetemperaturehasrisenbyafulldegreeCelsiussince1960.InEthiopiatheaveragetemperaturehasincreasedby1.3degrees.Thisincreaseisenoughtohavenotableeffectsontheplants.InTanzaniatheproductivityperhectareofcoffeehasfallenbyhalfsincethe1960sduetochangesintemperature.Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevations(海拔)totakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.Millionsofpeoplemakealivingintheproduction,processing,transport,andsaleofcoffee;theirlivelihoodswouldstandtotakeablowasgrowingareasdecreaseandpricesrise.Asthetemperaturekeepsrising,yourcupofcoffeewillbecomemuchmoreexpensive,anditmayalsocarryanaftertastebittererthanusual,forallthoseworkersinthecoffeebeltleftwithoutthemeanstomakealivingasconditionsworsen.Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmillionsinincreasedforeignaid.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordHadverselyHinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.slightlyB.temporarilyC.harmfullyD.graduallyWhywillpeoplehavetogrowcoffeeinhighlandareas?A.Toadapttothechangeoftemperature.B.Toincreasethequalityoftheproducts.C.ToreducethecostofcoffeeproductionD.Togetaccesstowatersupplymoreeasily.Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthelasttwoparagraphs?Therichwillgetricherandthepoorpoorer.Smallchangesmayhavelargeeffectsingeneral.Developedcountriesoughttoaidpoorcountries.Coffeetradewilleventuallydisappearintheworld.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureofcoffeeproduction?A.Cautious.B.Worried.C.Unconcerned.D.Hopeful.【答案】(1)CABB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一份新的報(bào)告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會(huì)顯著影響咖啡。到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。咖啡產(chǎn)業(yè)的變化會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)造成很多影響?？疾樵~義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thissens讓Mtytotemperatureputstheplantatincreasedriskoftheeffectsofclimatechange.這種對(duì)溫度的敏感性增加了植物受到氣候變化影響的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由此推斷出，上文的意思是阿拉比卡咖啡的產(chǎn)量占所有商業(yè)咖啡的70%,在典型的天氣條件下，即使氣溫只上升了半度，也會(huì)對(duì)其產(chǎn)生不利影響。“adversely”意思是有害的，故選Co(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的"Coffeeproductionislikelytothenbepushedtohigherelevationstotakeadvantageoflowertemperatures,butthiswillnotbeenoughtomakeupforlostlowlandareas.咖啡生產(chǎn)很可能會(huì)被推到更高的海拔，以利用更低的溫度，但這將不足以彌補(bǔ)失去的低地地區(qū)。由此推斷出，人們要在高地地區(qū)種植咖啡是為了適應(yīng)溫度的變化，故選A。考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Coffeeisthesecondmosttradedgoodsbydevelopingnations,andtheinabilityofproducernationstoexportitcouldcausedramaticchainreactionsintheireconomies.咖啡是發(fā)展中國家的第二大貿(mào)易商品，而生產(chǎn)國無法出口咖啡,可能會(huì)在其經(jīng)濟(jì)中引發(fā)巨大的連鎖反應(yīng))和最后一段中的“Notonlythat,buttheeconomiceffectswillcosttheWestmill!onsinincreasedforeignaid.不僅如此'其經(jīng)濟(jì)影響還將使西方國家在增加對(duì)外援助方面損失數(shù)百萬美元。由此推斷出，這些小的變化也可能產(chǎn)生大的影響，故選B。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“anewreportsuggeststhattheeffectsofclimatechangemaysignificantlyaffectcoffee.一份新的報(bào)告表明，氣候變化的影響可能會(huì)顯著影響咖啡。和第五段中的“Indeed,studiesclaimthatby2050theareaoftheworldsuitableforgrowingcoffeewillbecutbyhalf.事實(shí)上，研究表明，到2050年，世界上適合種植咖啡的面積將減少一半。由此推斷出，作者對(duì)咖啡生產(chǎn)的未來很擔(dān)憂，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6?閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。There'saworldofdiffereneebetweenahorrormovieandacomedy—theformerscaresyouhalftodeathwhilethelatterleavesyourollingonthefloorwithlaughter.ButtrywatchingthemwithoutthebackgroundmusicandyoujustmightdecidetheyYenotsodifferentafterall.Musicandmovieshavebeencloselyconnectedsineethebeginningofthefilmindustry—evenbeforethevoicesofactorswererecorded.Inmovies,musichelpstoprovideasenseoftimeandplace,conveyideasaboutthecharactersand,mostimportantly,drawemotionsoutoftheaudienee.Studieshavelongshownthatourheartratesandanxietylevelsriseandfalldependingonthespeedofthemusicwehear.Usingthisknowledge,composersusesuddenchangesinfilmmusicspeedtocreatefearamongaudiences.Slowingthespeedofthemusicwillhavetheoppositeeffect,bringingaboutasenseofpeaceoradreamlikequality.Theuseofdissonant(不和諧的)tonesandnoisesisanothertechniquethatheightenstension.Humansnaturallybecomeunnervedwhenweheardissonantsoundsbecausesuchnoisesareusuallyassociatedwithdanger,likethosethatanimatsmaketowarnagainstpredators(捕食者).Ascrucialasitis,thebestfilmmusicissubtle.Allthataudiencesaresupposedtofeelisaheightenedsenseofemotion—theyshouldn'trealizewhafscausingit.Onlywhenthemusicistakenoutofthefilmshouldaudiencesunderstanditseffects.Inkeepingwiththisprinciple,somefilmmakersareevenusingwhatscalled"infrasound”(次聲波)toarousefear.Whilewemaynotbeabletohearitbecauseitsfrequencyisbelowtherangeofthehumanear,infrasoundhasbeenproventocauseanxiety,trembleandevensorrow.Forexample,infrasoundwasusedinthesoundtrackofthe2007horrormovieParanormalActivity,andaudiencesreposedextremelyhighfearlevelsdespitethelackofactionthroughoutthemovie.Hltdoesn'taffecteveryoneequally/1saidBritishscieneewriterPhilipBall,authorofTheMusicInstinet,buthepredictedthat”wewillseemoreofitusedinmoviesinthefuture11.(1)Whatisthedifferencebetweenahorrormovieandacomedy?A.Theirhistory.B.Theirbackgroundmusic.C.Theiractors.D.Theirtimeandplace.Whatcausesfearamongaudiences?A.Thethemeofthemusic.B.Theslowspeedofthetangle.C.Theknowledgeofthemusic.D.Theunexpectedchangeofthemusic.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“subtle”inthethirdparagraphmean?A.GentleB.WonderfulC.NotimmediatelyobviousD.NotextremelyattractiveWhatdoweknowabout"infrasound"fromthelastparagraph?Itcan'tbeknowntopeople.Itmakesaudiencesrelaxed.Itiswithintherangeofthehumanear.Itwillbeusedmoreinmoviesinthefuture.【答案】f1)BDCD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，電影和音樂的關(guān)系密切，音樂對(duì)于電影影響重大，作者說明了電影制作者如何用音樂來渲染氣氛。考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Buttrywatchingthemwithoutthebackgroundmusicandyoujustmightdecidethey'renotsodifferentafterall/,可知，但是試著在沒有背景音樂的情況下看它們，你可能會(huì)覺得它們并沒有什么不同。所以通過反向推理，要是有了背景音樂，恐怖電影和喜劇電影就截然不同了。故判斷出恐怖電影和喜劇電影的區(qū)別在于他們的背景音樂。故選B?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Usingthisknowledge,composersusesuddenchangesinfilmmusicspeedtocreatefearamongaudiences.可知，禾U用這一知識(shí)，作曲家禾U用電影音樂速度的突然變化在觀眾中制造恐懼。所以音樂的突然變化會(huì)使觀眾恐懼。故選D。考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"Allthataudiencesaresupposedtofeelisaheightenedsenseofemotion—theyshouldn'trealizewhat'scausingit.Onlywhenthemusicistakenoutofthefilmshouldaudiencesunderstanditseffects.11可知，觀眾應(yīng)該感受到的只是一種強(qiáng)烈的情感一一他們不應(yīng)該意識(shí)到是什么導(dǎo)致了這種情感。只有當(dāng)音樂被從電影中刪除時(shí)，觀眾才能理解它的影響。所以這段在解釋最好的電影音樂是不易被觀眾察覺的音樂。也就是對(duì)“subtle”的解釋。故第三段加下劃線的"subtle*'一詞是C選項(xiàng)不明顯的“。故選C?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的"buthepredictedthat"wewillseemoreofitusedinmoviesinthefuture”可知，但他預(yù)測(cè)我們將來會(huì)看到更多的電影會(huì)使用它”。所以從最后一段可知，“infrasound”將在未來的電影中被更多地使用。故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。7?閱讀理解Nobelprizewinnerssometimesdisplayasmuchuniquenesswhendecidinghowtospendtheirprizemoneyastheydidontheworkthatwonthemtheawardinthefirstplace.WhenSirPaulNursewontheNobelPrizeforMedicinein2001,hedecidedtoupgradehismotorbike.Afellowwinnerin1993,RichardRoberts,installedacroquetlawninfrontofhishouse.AustrianauthorElfriedeJelinek,whowonin2004,saidtheprizemeantfinancialindependence.f,LarsHeikensten,executivedirectoroftheNobelFoundation,saidtherewerenoobviousshoppingtrendsamongwinners.Hlthinkitdependsalotonwhichcountrytheycomefrom,theirpersonalfinances...whatkindofincomestheyhavewhentheygettheprize/1hesaid.Realestate,however,isapopularoption,atleastamongthosewillingtorevealwhattheyspendthemoneyon.PhillipSharp,theAmericanco-winnerofthe1993medicineprize,decidedtosplashoutona100-year-oldFederalstylehouse.nltookthatmoneyandboughtalittlebitbiggerhouse...IVsabeautifuloldplace/1hetoldAFP()去新社),addingthat“Themoneyisanicepartoftheprocess11,but-theimportantthingabouttheprizeistherecognition.f,Forwinnersofthepeaceprizethedecisionisoftenmoreclear-cut,asthehonortendstogotopoliticians,organizationsandactivistswhoareundermorepublicsupervision.Many,likeUSPresidentBarackObamain2009andtheEuropeanUnionin2012,donatetocharities.Literaturewinnerstendtobemoreprivateabouthowtheyusethemoney,butthechoiceisoftenequallystraightforward.f,EvenifNobel-winningauthorsarequitewellknown,manyofthemwillnothavemademuchmoneyfromwritingJsaidAnnaGunder,aNobelliteratureexpertatUppsalaUniversity.Whiletheprizemightkeepthewolffromthedoorforsomeyears,givingthemfreedomtowrite,itcanalsobrieflyhavetheoppositeeffect.Hltreallychangestheircareers???Duringthefirstyearafterthey'vewontheyoftenwriteless,buttheygenerallycontinueafterayearortwo/'saidGunder.Fromthepassage,welearnthat.ThemoneyisactuallythebestpartoftheNobelPrizeNobelwinnershavegreatoriginalityinusingprizemoneyFewwinnerswouldspendtheirprizemoneyonhousesWinnersbecomemoreindependentontheircountryWhichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase"clear-cut”inparagraph6?A.openB.privateC.uniqueD.complexAccordingtothepassage,inthefirstyearafterwinningNoblePrize,literaturewinnersmay—.becomelessproductivemakemoremoneyfromwritinghavethefreedomtocreatemoreandbetterworksdisappearfromthepubliceyesforaperiodoftime【答案】f1)BAA【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者在決定如何花他們的獎(jiǎng)金時(shí)展現(xiàn)出很多的獨(dú)特性。比如，房產(chǎn)就是眾多諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者喜歡投資的方向。作者還提到了諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)獲得者對(duì)獎(jiǎng)金的花費(fèi)更公開，而文學(xué)家獲得者對(duì)獎(jiǎng)金的花費(fèi)更私人化。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知，諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)獲得者在決定如何花他們的獎(jiǎng)金時(shí)展現(xiàn)出很多的獨(dú)特性。originality”獨(dú)創(chuàng)性,創(chuàng)造性”，故選B。(2)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第六段中的“Fowinnersofthepeaceprizethedecisionisoftenmoreclear-cut,asthehonortendstogotopoliticians,organizationsandactivistswhoareundermorepublicsupervision.”諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)得主的獎(jiǎng)金如何用的決定通常會(huì)更清晰，公開。因?yàn)楹推姜?jiǎng)通常會(huì)由政治家、組織及活動(dòng)家獲得，而他們通常處在更多的公眾監(jiān)管之下。故選A。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Duringthefirstyearafterthey'vewontheyoftenwriteless,…”可知在獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)之后的第一年，作家作品會(huì)少一些。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。&閱讀理解ThomasCheathamhadplannedtostudyLatinduringhistimeatHebronHighSchoolinTexas.ButwhenhelearnedthattheschooldistrictwasgoingtoofferaMandarin(普通話)class,hequicklychangedhismind.HlthoughtMandarinwouldbemorebeneficialthanLatin/1saidCheatham,whoisnowinhissecondyearofstudyingtheIanguage.HespeaksMandarintoorderfoodatChineserestaurantsandcanreadsocialmediapostsfromhisChinesespeakingfriends.Whileifsadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer.nChineseisagoodIanguagetoknow,especiallywithChinabecomingagrowingpower/1hesaid.Manyexpertsagreethatproficiency(熟練)inalanguagespokenbyabillionpeopleworldwidewillgiveAmericanstudentsanedgeintheglobaleconomy.HPeoplearelookingatChinaasournexteconomiccompetitor,andinterestinMandarinisgrowingfastJsaidMartyAbbott,directoroftheAmericanCouncil(議會(huì))ontheTeachingofForeignLanguages.,fWefreseeingitinallpartsofthecountry.11Abbottpredictsthatasmanyas100,000studentsarenowstudyingMandarininpublicandprivateschoolsthroughouttheUS.ShesaidtheUSgovernmenthasdesignated(指定)Mandarinasan'ImportantneedsMIanguageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers.f,OurgovernmentwantstoincreaseourIanguageabilityfornationalsecurityandeconomiccompetitivenessJAbbottadded.Atthesametime,theChinesegovernmentisspread!ngknowledgeoftheChineseIanguageandculturethroughConfuciusInstitutessetupinmanyUSstates.Forexample,theConfuciusInstituteattheUniversityofTexasinDallashasbeenthehomeofaConfuciusInstitutefor10years.ItsponsorsConfuciusClassroomsat21localpublicandprivateschools,wheretensofthousandsofstudentsarelearningMandarin.(1)WhydidThomasCheathamdecidetostudyMandarininsteadofLatin?MandarinwaseasiertolearnthanLatin.Mandarincouldbehelpfultohisfuturecareer.MandarinmighthelphimlearnmoreaboutChina.Mandarincouldenablehimtostudycomputerengineering.Theunderlinedword,edge”inParagraph4probablymeans”n.A.aslightadvantageB.theoutsidelimitC.asharptoneofvoiceD.anexcitingqualityWhichofthefollowingstatementsmightMartyAbbottagreewith?MandarinshouldbetaughtinclassroomsthroughouttheUS.ThoseskilledatChinesewillbethemostcompetitiveinthefuture.TheUSgovernment'spolicyhashelpedpopularizeMandarinintheUS.AmericanslearnMandarinbecausetheyworryabouttheirnationalsecurity.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthispassage?TherisingpopularityofMandarinamongAmericanstudents.ThegreatbenefitsoflearningMandarinforAmericanstudents.TheinflueneeofChina'sgrowingpoweronAmericaneducation.TheeffectofConfuciusInstitutesinpromotingMandarinintheUS.【答案】(1)BACA【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，以一個(gè)美國學(xué)生的經(jīng)歷為例來講述隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，普通話在美國校園很流行，這是中國在世界舞臺(tái)上地位上升的一個(gè)反映。許多美國學(xué)生認(rèn)為學(xué)習(xí)中文能夠在今后職業(yè)發(fā)展的道路上有所幫助，美國政府對(duì)中文的重視也促使更多的學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中文?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whileitsadifficultlanguagetomaster,thehighTOC\o"1-5"\h\zschooljunior,whoplanstostudycomputerengineering,thinksitwillbeimportantforhiscareer.可知，Thomas希望中文能夠在他今后職業(yè)發(fā)展的道路上對(duì)他有所幫助。故選B?？疾樵~義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)本句句意可知，漢語是一門全世界10億人說的語言，專家認(rèn)為掌握了它的人會(huì)在全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中有優(yōu)勢(shì)，故選A?？疾榧?xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ShesaidtheUSgovernmenthasdesignted(指定)MandarinasanimportsntneedsIanguageandprovidesprofessionaldevelopmentprogramsforteachers.nJ知，美國政府的政策促進(jìn)了普通話在美國的普及，故選C。(4)考查主旨大意?？v觀全文，主要介紹了美國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中文熱情升溫的現(xiàn)象，分析了出現(xiàn)該現(xiàn)象的背景和原因，故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。9?閱讀理解Thereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.Onanindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofourculture.Itbecomesapartofwhoweare.Manyassociatefoodfromourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgoodmemoriesandittiesustoourfamilies,holdingaspecialandpersonalvalueforus.Foodfromourfamilyoftenbecomesthecomfortfoodweseekasadultsintimesoffrustrationandstress.Onalargescale,traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture.Italsooperatesasanexpressionofcultureidentity.Immigrantsbringitwherevertheygo,anditisasymbolofpridefortheircultureandmeansofcopingwithhomesickness.Manyimmigrantsopentheirownrestaurantsandservetraditionaldishes.However,thefooddoesnotremainexactlythesame.Somematerialsneededtomaketraditionaldishesmaynotbereadilyavailable,sothetasteandflavorcanbedifferentfromwhattheywouldprepareintheirhomecountries.Additionally,immigrantsdonotonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountriesasthem,buttopeoplefromdifferentcountries.Therefore,theyhavetomakesmallchangesabouttheoriginaldishestocatertoawiderrangeofcustomers.Thosechangescancreatenewflavorsthatstillkeeptheculturalsignificanceofthedishes.Weshouldembraceourheritage(傳統(tǒng))throughourculture'sfoodbutalsobecomemoreinformedaboutotherculturesb